전국 주요 양식장 퇴적물과 양식생물 내 PBDEs와 대사체 분포

박시현 ( Sihyeon Bak ),이인석 ( In-seok Lee ),최민규 ( Minkyu Choi ),김정배 ( Jeong-bae Kim ) 한국환경분석학회 2017 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.20 No.3

In this work, the concentrations of several polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated BDEs (MeO-BDEs) in the sediment and organisms collected from aquaculture farms along the Korean coasts were evaluated in order to study their occurrence and distribution. The concentrations of the PBDE and MeO-BDE congeners were measured by using a high-resolution gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer based on selected ion monitoring. It was found that the concentrations of the PBDEs and MeO-BDEs in the sediment and organisms from the southern coasts were higher than those found in samples from the western and eastern coasts (p<0.05). Similar results were obtained for the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), indicating a similar contamination source or environmental behavior of these compounds. Relatively higher concentrations of PBDEs and MeO-BDEs were found in bivalves and urochordates as compared to those determined in seaweed, which could be related to their lipid contents. Deca-BDE and tetra-MeO-BDE were the predominant homologues of PBDE and MeO-BDE groups present in both the sediment and the organisms, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentration of MeO-BDEs appeared to be higher than that of PBDEs, which might be attributed to both the natural formation of MeO-BDEs in the marine ecosystem and the transformation of PBDEs to MeO-BDEs.

A review on an electrochemically assisted-scrubbing process for environmental harmful pollutant’s destruction

Govindan Muthuraman,문일식 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.5

Mediated electrocatalytic oxidation (MEO) has been used for 150 years. Recently, the process was combined with scrubbing technology to allow the effective treatment of industrial air pollution. This review focuses on the development and applications of the MEO-assisted scrubbing process for the treatment of environmental air pollution. Particular focus was given to MEO using metal ions as mediators, influencing factors, such as electrolytes, electrode, flow method and rate, and the scrubbing column. More than 200 related publications were reviewed with 174 cited. Electro-scrubbing is considered as an advanced technology with possible further developments. Active electrodes, such as titanium-based Pt, DSA(RuO2/IrO2) film electrodes result in the complete mineralization of air pollutants in the MEO process. Air pollutants are removed with the assistance of electrogenerated high energy metal ions, such as Ag(II), Co(III) and Ce(IV), as well as by ozone and chlorine, as mediators in an acidic medium.

A review on an electrochemically assisted-scrubbing process for environmental harmful pollutant's destruction

Muthuraman, G.,Moon, I.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2012 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.18 No.5

Mediated electrocatalytic oxidation (MEO) has been used for 150 years. Recently, the process was combined with scrubbing technology to allow the effective treatment of industrial air pollution. This review focuses on the development and applications of the MEO-assisted scrubbing process for the treatment of environmental air pollution. Particular focus was given to MEO using metal ions as mediators, influencing factors, such as electrolytes, electrode, flow method and rate, and the scrubbing column. More than 200 related publications were reviewed with 174 cited. Electro-scrubbing is considered as an advanced technology with possible further developments. Active electrodes, such as titanium-based Pt, DSA(RuO<SUB>2</SUB>/IrO<SUB>2</SUB>) film electrodes result in the complete mineralization of air pollutants in the MEO process. Air pollutants are removed with the assistance of electrogenerated high energy metal ions, such as Ag(II), Co(III) and Ce(IV), as well as by ozone and chlorine, as mediators in an acidic medium.

Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) 및 Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) 산화환원계에 의한 폴리에틸렌글리콜류의 매개전해산화

김익성,박정훈,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2006 硏究報告 Vol.28 No.1

Mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) is an aqueous process which oxidizes organics electrochemically at low temperatures and ambient pressures. The process can be used to treat mixed wastes containing hazardous organics. This paper has studied MEO of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) in nitric acids by Fe/Fe(Ⅱ) and Co/Co(Ⅱ) system. It is investigated current density, supporting electrolyte concentration, hydraulic retention time, removal efficiency by PEGs continuous MEO. Removal efficiency of PEGs, electrical charge and reaction time by mediated electrochemical oxidation was excellent in Co/Co(Ⅱ) redox system than Fe/Fe(Ⅱ) redox system, indicating mediated electrochemical oxidation removal efficiency was 100 percent.

放射性 폐기물의 전기화학적 분해 폐액으로부터 銀의 回收

문제권,정종훈,오원진,이일희 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2001 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.10 No.5

방사성 유기 혼합폐기물의 저온 분해공정인 MEO(Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation) 공정에서 발생하는 폐액으로부터 Ag를 화학적으로 회수하는 연구를 수행하였다. 고농도 질산용액과 함에 존재하는 $AgNO_3$를 HCl과 반응시켜 AgCl 침전물로 회수하였다. 이 때 HCl 최적 반응 당량비는 $AgNO_3$비해 1% 초과하였으며 100% 침전시킬 수 있었다. AgCl은 알카리 분위기에서 과산화수소와 반응시켜 순수 Ag금속으로 환원됨을 알 수 있었고, Ag금속의 환원 반응시 용액의 pH는 12.8~13.0의 범위가 적당하였다. Recovery of silver in the spent solution generated from MEO(Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation) process, which is a process to decompose radioactive organic mixed wastes at low temperature, was performed using chemical method. Silver nitrate in 5M nitric acid solution could be completely recovered as AgCl by using 1% excess of the stoichiometric HCl equivalents. Then, AgCl was transformed to Ag metal by reduction reaction with hydrogen peroxide under alkaline media. The optimum pH for the reduction to silver metal was found to be in the range of 12.8∼13.0.

〈그림 노자사상〉의 기준개념

김영주(Young-Joo Kim) 한국철학회 2008 哲學 Vol.0 No.97

바로 앞 논문에서, 기존의 연구물이 노자사상에서 ‘가치개입의 문제’에 뚫린 문제점을 선명하게 드러내어 보여주지 못하였음을 비판하고 선명하게 드러내어 논의하였고, 그 문제점을 풀어낼 방법으로 天地之道ㆍ聖人之道ㆍ治世之道라는 세 가지 관점을 새롭게 제시하였다. 그런데 天地之道ㆍ聖人之道ㆍ治世之道라는 세 가지 관점으로 노자사상을 논의하더라도 그 내용이 복잡하게 얽힌 부분이 많기 때문에, 그 논의를 더욱 간명하게 이끌고 갈 수 있는 방법으로 노자사상을 간결하게 한 눈에 볼 수 있도록 나름대로 그림으로 그려 보인 뒤에, 그 그림에 기대어 설명하고 논의하는 방법을 고안했다. 이른바 〈그림 노자사상〉이다. 이 〈그림 노자사상〉을, 이 논문에서는 〈그림 天地之道〉와 〈그림 聖人之道와 治世之道〉라는 두 개의 그림으로 나누어 그려 보이고, 두 그림의 큰 동그라미에 동서남북으로 자리잡아 중요한 기준이 되는 ‘묘妙와 교? 그리고 생生과 사死’의 개념을 자세하게 논의하였다. 노자사상에 대한 필자의 이러한 새로운 시도는, 복잡하게 얽히고 설킨 ‘현玄ㆍ일一ㆍ무無ㆍ유有’의 개념을 비롯한 다양한 개념들을 天地之道ㆍ聖人之道ㆍ治世之道라는 세 가지 관점으로 좀 더 간결하면서 짜임새 있고 더욱 구체적이고 자세하게 논의하기 위한 기초작업이다. Laoz's thought is complicated among the various concepts. So it is needed to explain the various concepts more simply and clearly. I devise an idea which draw two figures showing Tao of Nature(天地之道) and the Tao of Saint(聖人之道) & the Tao of Government(治世之道), so called 〈figure of Laoz's thought〉 ; 〈figure Tao of Nature〉 and 〈figure the Tao of Saint & the Tao of Government〉. I will study distinctly the various concepts in Laoz's thought(Heyn玄ㆍIl一ㆍMu無ㆍYu有 … etc) relying upon 〈figure Tao of Nature〉 and 〈figure the Tao of Saint & the Tao of Government〉. But proceeding to these studies, We need the criterion to make clear distinction the complicated concepts in Laoz's thought. It is selected Meo妙(Sourcing)ㆍKeo?(Accomplishing) and Saeng生(Life)ㆍSa死(Death). I study concretely and minutely 'four basic concepts' at this article. Subsequently step by step, new interpretation for Laoz's thought by 〈figure Tao of Nature〉 and new interpretation for Laoz's thought by 〈figure the Tao of Saint & the Tao of Government〉 will be unfold at my following next papers.

Hydrophillic Interaction Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Identification and Quantitation of 5-MeO-DIPT and its Metabolites in Rat Urine

Yoon Kim,Un Yong Kim,Moon Kyo In,Jaeick Lee,Oh-Seung Kwon,유혜현 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.4

5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), a psychoactive tryptamine derivative, is a hallucinogenic drug of abuse. In this study, 5-OH-DIPT and its metabolites were identified and the quantitative method was developed and validated by using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILICMS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Atlantis HILIC silica column (5 μm, 100 ×2.1 mm). The metabolites of 5-MeO-DIPT in rat urine were characterized via Q1 scanning and product ion scanning. As a consequence, 5-MeO-IPT, 5-OH-DIPT, 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT and their glucuronide conjugates were detected and identified as the metabolites of 5-MeO-DIPT. Subsequently, a quantitative method for 5-MeO-DIPT and its major metabolites, 5-MeO-IPT and 5-OH-DIPT, was developed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM)mode. The calibration curves for all analytes evidenced good linearity over the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL with linear correlation co-efficients (r^2) in excess of 0.99. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were 92.2-110.2% and 1.5-9.9%, respectively.

Hydrophillic Interaction Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Identification and Quantitation of 5-MeO-DIPT and its Metabolites in Rat Urine

Kim, Yoon,Kim, Un-Yong,In, Moon-Kyo,Lee, Jae-Ick,Kwon, Oh-Seung,Yoo, Hye-Hyun Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.4

5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), a psychoactive tryptamine derivative, is a hallucinogenic drug of abuse. In this study, 5-OH-DIPT and its metabolites were identified and the quantitative method was developed and validated by using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILICMS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Atlantis HILIC silica column ($5{\mu}m$, $100{\times}2.1\;mm$). The metabolites of 5-MeO-DIPT in rat urine were characterized via Q1 scanning and product ion scanning. As a consequence, 5-MeO-IPT, 5-OH-DIPT, 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT and their glucuronide conjugates were detected and identified as the metabolites of 5-MeO-DIPT. Subsequently, a quantitative method for 5-MeO-DIPT and its major metabolites, 5-MeO-IPT and 5-OH-DIPT, was developed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. The calibration curves for all analytes evidenced good linearity over the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL with linear correlation co-efficients ($r^2$) in excess of 0.99. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were 92.2-110.2% and 1.5-9.9%, respectively.

정선지역의 세시풍속 연구

이현수(Hyun-Soo Lee) 아시아강원민속학회 2007 江原民俗學 Vol.21 No.-

지금까지 정선지역의 세시풍속 가운데 풍신제에 대해 현지조사 내용과 기존 조사된 자료를 토대로 살펴보았다. 정선지역에서의 세시풍속 가운데 2월 초하룻날에 실시하는 풍신제에 대하여 살펴보았다. 이 곳은 4개 읍 5개 면 지역을 대상으로 제보자의 제보를 들어 본 결과 현재까지 풍신제의 의식을 행하는 곳은 몇 군데 되지 않는데, 그것도 제의 형식이 많이 축소되어 겨우 정화수 한 그릇만 떠 놓는 것이 고작이었다. 또 제보자가 직접 풍신제를 지낸 경우도 있었지만, 대부분이 어른들이 하던 것을 지켜본 간접 경험자였다. 또한 현지조사를 할 때보다 많은 제보자들의 제보를 희망하고 시도해 보았지만, 풍신제 또는 풍신할머니가 무엇인지를 모르고 있거나, 어떤 경우는 실존인물로 착각하여 그런 사람이 없다고 조사 자체를 기피하는 사람도 많이 있었다. 기존 조사된 자료를 토대로 정선군 인접지역의 풍신제에 관해 살펴보았는데, 역시 색다른 면을 찾기가 어려웠다. 단지 조사자의 사전정보와 지식, 제보자의 능력에 따라 내용이 많이 차이가 남을 알 수 있다. 차츰 우리의 기억 속에서 사라져 가고 있는 세시풍속의 맥을 잇기 위해서 보존과 계승차원에서 알아보았다. 풍신제는 풍신할머니에 얽힌 사연이 흥밋거리가 될 수 있다. 내륙지방의 풍신제는 풍농을 기원하는 의례이다. 풍신할머니가 며느리를 데리고 오기를 기원함으로써 비가 많이 내려 농사가 잘 되기를 빈다. 며느리가 젊고 예쁜 것이 시샘이 나 옷을 얼룩지게 하기 위해 비가 내리도록 한다는 것이다. 음력 2월 초에 바람이 많이 부는 날씨에서 비롯되기는 해도 농촌에서 풍신할머니는 비에 초점이 맞춰져 있는 셈이다. 정선지역의 풍신할머니를 제대로 전승ㆍ보전하기 위한 방안으로는 먼저 정선문화원을 통한 유기적인 지원체제를 들 수 있다. 현재 문화원에서 향토사연구소의 기능을 확대하여 정선문화연구소 차원에서 예산을 확보하여 전문가 확보를 통한 지속적인 발굴, 연구를 활성화하고, 지역축제와 연계하어 지역민의 능동적 참여와 흥미와 볼거리ㆍ먹거리를 제공한다. 더 나아가 삶의 현장에서 찾아보기 힘든 풍신제에 관한 시청각 교재를 제작하여 학교교육에까지 확대 적용한다면 정선의 새로운 문화발전 및 전승ㆍ보존에 충분히 기여할 수 있으리라 본다. We have examined the Poong-shin-Je which is one of the New Year’s customs in Jeong-seon area, by using the spot report and the investigated data. Especially we researched Poong-shin-je which performs on the first day of February of the lunar calendar. In result of hearing from the people who live in Jeong-seon area; four towns, and five subdivisions, there is few place that performs Poong-shin-je, and even the religious services were simplified versions in a way of scooping Jeong-hwa-soo(the well water at its purest). In some cases, the reporter performs Poong-shin-je by himself/herself, but they indirectly experienced by observing the elders’ services. Even though we hoped and tried more reports from the people, many of them even don’t know about the Poong-shin-je or Poong-shin-hal-meo-ni, and some of them misunderstood Poong-shin-hal-meo-ni as a real person, so they evaded the research. We have examined the Poong-shin-je based on the data which has been already investigated in neighboring town and villages of jeong-seon area, but there was no unique case as well. And we found out that the research depends on the prior knowledge and information of the researchers and the ability of reporters. In order to inherit and preserve our New-Year customs, we need to know about Poong-shin-je. In terms of Poong-shin-je, the story of Poong-shin-hal-meo-ni would be an interesting thing. Poong-shin-je performed in land is the ritual that wishes a good harvest. By wishing Poong-shin-hal-meo-ni brings her daughter-in-law, the people hope the rain will give them the harvest. Since the mother-in-law feels jealous for the young and lovely daughter-in-law, she makes her daughter-in-law’s skirt stained with the rain. Although Poong-shin-hal-meo-ni comes from the windy weather in early February of the lunar calendar, it focuses on the rain. One way to inherit and preserve the Poong-shin-hal-meo-ni in Jeong-seon area is the organic support system through Jeong-seon cultural institution. Now the cultural institution enhances acquires the budget for engaging the experts to revitalize the research and development. Beside, it should be linked with the local festival to activate the participation of local residents and offer a various spectacular, and a food fad. Moreover, by producing audio-visual aids about Poong-shin-je which is hard to find in our everyday lives. We can contribute to a new cultural development and inheritance of Jeong-seon.

Enhanced removal of NO by electro-scrubbing using a combination of consecutive MEO and MER process

문일식,( G. Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1

A combined MER (mediated electrochemical reduction) and MEO (mediated electrochemical oxidation) approach was examined for the first time for the efficient removal of NO by electro-scrubbing. The generation of a mediator (Ni(I) from Ni(II)(CN)₄^2- in 9 M KOH) by electrochemical reduction was identified by the changes in the ORP value and potentiometric titration. The MER of NO at the cathodic half-cell by electro-scrubbing revealed the formation of NH₃ and N₂. The reductive removal efficiency of NO was 100% up to a gas flow rate of 2 L min^-1. At the anodic half-cell, the Co(III) mediator from Co(II)SO₄ in 5 M H₂SO₄ was generated electrochemically with concomitant conversion of NO to NO₃ in the solution phase with a removal efficiency of 28%. The combination of MEO and MER with electro-scrubbing demonstrates 100% removal efficiency of NO at a high gas flow rate of 4 L min^-1. The combined removal approach is more suitable for high concentrated NO industrial sources.