α-lipoic acid protects testis and epididymis against linuron-induced oxidative toxicity in adult rats

Prathima P.,Venkaiah K.,Daveedu T.,Pavani R.,Sukeerthi S.,Gopinath M.,Sainath Sri Bhashaym 한국독성학회 2020 Toxicological Research Vol.36 No.4

Linuron is well known for its antiandrogenic property. However, the effects of linuron on testicular and epididymal pro- and antioxidant status are not well defined. On the other hand, α-lipoic acid is well known as universal antioxidant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold: firstly to investigate whether linuron exposure alters antioxidant status in the testis and epididymis of rats and if so, whether the supplementation of α-lipoic acid mitigates linuron-induced oxidative toxicity in rats. To address this question, α-lipoic acid at a dose of 70 mg/Kg body weight (three times a week) was administered to linuron exposed rats (10 or 50 mg/Kg body weight, every alternate day over a period of 60 days), and the selected reproductive endpoints were analyzed after 60 days. Respective controls were maintained in parallel. Linuron at selected doses reduced testicular daily sperm count, and epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability, and number of tail coiled sperm, reduced activity levels of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, decreased expression levels of StAR mRNA, inhibition of testosterone levels, and elevated levels of testicular cholesterol in rats over controls. Linuron intoxication deteriorated the structural integrity of testis and epididymis associated with reduced the reproductive performance over controls. Conversely, α-lipoic acid supplementation enhanced sperm quality and improved the testosterone synthesis pathway in linuron exposed rats over its respective control. Administration of α-lipoic acid restored inhibition of testicular and epididymal enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidise) and non-enzymatic (glutathione content), increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content produced by linuron in rats. α-lipoic acid supplementation inhibited the expression levels of testicular caspase-3 mRNA levels and also its activity in linuron treated rats. To summate, α-lipoic acid-induced protection of reproductive health in linuron treated rats could be attributed to its antioxidant, and steroidogenic properties.

Gene Expression Patterns of the Endogenous Antioxidant Enzymes in Linuron-Treated Rat Ventral Prostates after Castration

연정민,Chunmei Lin,이윤복,이범준,윤영원,남상윤 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2012 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Linuron is a pesticide with a weak anti-androgenic property, which impacts male reproductive organs. In this study,to clarify whether linuron affects the cellular antioxidant system of ventral prostate, gene expression patterns of the representative antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), selenoprotein P (SePP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in the rat ventral prostates exposed to linuron using real-time RT-PCR analyses. Sprague-Dawley rats castrated at 6 weeks old were treated with linuron (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per oral) daily for 10 days after testosterone propionate administration (0.4 mg/kg) subcutaneously. As compared to normal control animals,mRNA levels of phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx (PHGPx), SePP, and Mn SOD significantly increased in the prostates exposed to linuron (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). However, cytosolic GPx (100 mg/kg) and Cu/Zn SOD (25, 50,and 100 mg/kg) mRNA levels significantly decreased in the ventral prostates. These results indicate that linuron upregulates the expressions of PHGPx, SePP, and Mn SOD mRNAs, but down-regulates the expressions of cytosolic GPx and Cu/Zn SOD in rat prostates, suggesting that linuron may have dual effects in the cellular antioxidant system of prostate.

Distribution, Germination Characteristics, and Management of Common Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) in Korea

Jin-Won Kim,Jeongran Lee,In-Yong Lee 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.4

개쑥갓(Senecio vulgaris L.) 은 국화과 일년생 외래잡초로, 최근 마늘과 양파와 같은 동계작물 재배지에서 문제가 되고 있으나, 국내의 개쑥갓에 대한 생리·생태적 연구 결과나 방제법이 없기 때문에 개쑥갓으로 인한 피해는 더욱 커질 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 개쑥갓의 분포와 발아 등의 생리·생태적 특성을 조사하고, 이를 활용한 개쑥갓의 방제법을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 분포조사 결과 개쑥갓은 주요 과수재배지, 배추, 마늘 및 양파 재배지에 집중적으로 발생하고 있었으며, 이들을 중심으로 퍼져나가는 분포를 보였고, 이는 농기계로 인해 확산된 것으로 추정되었다. 개쑥갓은 동계잡초로 분류됨에도 불구하고 20.30°C에서 가장 높은 발아율을 보였으며, 최적발아온도는 20/15°C (주/야)로 추정되었다. 개쑥갓은 4 cm 이상의 토양심도에서는 발아할 수 없는 특성을 보였기 때문에, 주로 2 cm 내외의 표토층에 존재하는 개쑥갓이 발아하는 것으로 추정되었다. 방제실험 결과, linuron, linuron + thiobencarb, and S-metholachlor + thiobencarb 성분이 포함된 제초제로 개쑥갓을 방제할 수 있었다. 이상의 정보를 종합해볼 때, 2 cm 정도의 깊이로 얕은 경운을 하고 상기 3종 중의 한 제초제를 처리하면 개쑥갓을 효과적으로 방제할 수 있을 것으로 예상한다. 개쑥갓 뿐 아니라 많은 외래잡초들이 농경지에 침입하고 있고, 앞으로 큰 피해를 줄 것으로 예상된다. 따라서, 주요 외래잡초에 대한 생리·생태 연구와 방제법을 개발해야 하며, 이를 위해 많은 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다. As an exotic winter weed in Korea, common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) has been a recent threat to winter crop cultivation. We investigated its distribution and germination characteristics to elucidate the dominance and its reason, and screened available herbicides for the effective control of the weed. Distribution analysis revealed that S. vulgaris was widely distributed in orchards, kimchi cabbage and winter crop producing region suggesting that dispersion of Korean S. vulgaris would be affected by cultivation activity such as sharing the agricultural mechanics. Germination of S. vulgaris was superior on 20-30°C, and optimum germination temperature was 20/15°C (day/night). The seeds typically did not emerge at a burial depth greater than 4 cm. Linuron, linuron + thiobencarb, and S -metholachlor + thiobencarb demonstrated excellent herbicidal effects in S. vulgaris through an agar and soil assay. After light soil surface cultivation at around 2 cm soil depth, applying linuron, linuron + thiobencarb, or S-metholachlor + thiobencarb prior to sowing or transplanting could be a viable option to effectively and efficiently manage S. vulgaris. Taking advantage of the distribution pattern and biological characteristics of the exotic weeds occurred in the field, as well as utilizing herbicides, will help to manage problematic exotic weeds in crop cultivation.

맥류재배에서 제초제에 따른 잡초방제 효과

원옥재(Ok Jae Won),박기웅(Kee Woong Park),박수혁(Su Hyuk Park),엄민용(Min Yong Eom),강광식(Kwang Sik Kang) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide in winter cereal crops, barley and wheat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides, linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR was greater than that of butachlor EC. Linuron EC controlled average 95% and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR controlled average 97% within 150 days after soil-applied treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR. The yield of barley increased in linuron EC and wheat increased in pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR treatments when compared with butachlor EC. The efficacy of foliage treatment, bentazone+propanil ME was greater than that of bentazone SL. Bentazone+propanil ME controlled average 96% in barley and 97% in wheat, within 30 days after foliage treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of bentazone+propanil ME. The yield of barley and wheat increased in bentazone+propanil ME treatments when compared with bentazone SL. Based on these data, combinations of these herbicides could be applied to provide effective weed management in barley and wheat field.

맥류재배에서 제초제에 따른 잡초방제 효과

원옥재(Ok Jae Won),박기웅(Kee Woong Park),박수혁(Su Hyuk Park),엄민용(Min Yong Eom),강광식(Kwang Sik Kang) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.42 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide in winter cereal crops, barley and wheat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides, linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR was greater than that of butachlor EC. Linuron EC controlled average 95% and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR controlled average 97% within 150 days after soil-applied treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR. The yield of barley increased in linuron EC and wheat increased in pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR treatments when compared with butachlor EC. The efficacy of foliage treatment, bentazone+propanil ME was greater than that of bentazone SL. Bentazone+propanil ME controlled average 96% in barley and 97% in wheat, within 30 days after foliage treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of bentazone+propanil ME. The yield of barley and wheat increased in bentazone+propanil ME treatments when compared with bentazone SL. Based on these data, combinations of these herbicides could be applied to provide effective weed management in barley and wheat field.

Distribution, Germination Characteristics, and Management of Common Groundsel ( Senecio vulgaris ) in Korea

김진원,이정란,이인용 한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.4

As an exotic winter weed in Korea, common groundsel ( Senecio vulgaris L.) has been a recent threat to winter crop cultivation. We investigated its distribution and germination characteristics to elucidate the dominance and its reason, and screened available herbicides for the effective control of the weed. Distribution analysis revealed that S. vulgaris was widely distributed in orchards, kimchi cabbage and winter crop producing region suggesting that dispersion of Korean S. vulgaris would be affected by cultivation activity such as sharing the agricultural mechanics. Germination of S. vulgaris was superior on 20-30°C, and optimum germination temperature was 20/15°C (day/night). The seeds typically did not emerge at a burial depth greater than 4 cm. Linuron, linuron + thiobencarb, and S -metholachlor + thiobencarb demonstrated excellent herbicidal effects in S. vulgaris through an agar and soil assay. After light soil surface cultivation at around 2 cm soil depth, applying linuron, linuron + thiobencarb, or S -metholachlor + thiobencarb prior to sowing or transplanting could be a viable option to effectively and efficiently manage S. vulgaris . Taking advantage of the distribution pattern and biological characteristics of the exotic weeds occurred in the field, as well as utilizing herbicides, will help to manage problematic exotic weeds in crop cultivation.

Effect of Linuron and Prometryne on the Growth of Carrots (Iranian Variety) under Different Environmental Conditions

Mohammad Reza. Tareghyan 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

개쑥갓(Senecio vulgaris L.)의 연구 동향 및 관리방안

김진원,이인용,이정란 한국잔디학회 2019 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.8 No.1

Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) is winter annual weed and become problematic in winter crop field such as onion and garlic. The weed can produce more than 10,000 seeds and the seeds can be easily spread by wind. Senecio vulgaris distributes worldwide except tropical area and nationwide in Korea. The seeds can germinate wide range of temperature and have irregular dormancy affected by temperature, light intensity, and burial depth. The germination characteristics can make S. vulgaris germinable through the year except summer. Senecio vulgaris is known as autogamy but interspecific cross is possible. Photosystem II inhibiting herbicides such as linuron and protox inhibiting herbicides such as oxyfluorfen are very effective for management of S. vulgaris. Biological control of S. vulgaris using fungus had been tried but not been succeed. Proliferation of winter annual weeds like S. vulgaris resulting from increase of winter mean temperature by climate change could be expected.

Technical Note : Response of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to Linuron

Peter H. Sikkema,Sharareh Hekmat,Christy Shropshire,Nader Soltani 한국잡초학회 2009 Weed Biology and Management Vol.9 No.2