진지한 여가 비용의 개념화

김태환(Taehwan Kim),황선환(Sunhwan Hwang) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2018 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The purpose of the current study was to conceptualize the serious leisure cost and to provide fundamental knowledge on serious leisure cost in order to help researchers understand the various serious leisure costs. To achieve these goals, we conducted the constant literature review and three times delphi surveys. As the results of the delphi surveys, the serious leisure cost was divided into two folds: the first(pre-) cost and the second(post-) cost. The concept of serious leisure cost was defined as ‘two kinds of costs including the first cost meaning concrete and intangible resources consumed for serious leisure activities such as financial, time, social, physical, and psychological resources and the second cost meaning the financial, time, social, physical, and psychological-side negative outcomes resulted from serious leisure participation.’ Additionally, the scale of serious leisure cost consists of five factors including time cost, financial cost, social cost, physical cost, and psychological cost. The study had significance to establish clear criteria applicable to various costs generated from participation in serious leisure activities and to expand the serious leisure theory for the future studies on the negative outcomes of serious leisure.

여가로서의 골프 : 여가만족이 여가비용에 미치는 영향

남재준,김민 미래융합통섭학회 2023 현대사회와 안전문화 Vol.6 No.2

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the effect of leisure satisfaction of golf participants on leisure cost, and to provide basic data to determine the direction of the golf industry. METHOD A total of 400 copies were sampled using convenience sampling method with the indoor golf driving range members as the population, and 368 copies were used, and frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. RESULT First, in the analysis of the difference between leisure satisfaction and leisure cost according to demographic characteristics, in the case of leisure satisfaction, there were differences in marriage or not, number of round visits, and practice frequency, and in case of leisure cost, there were differences in gender and number of round visits. Second, the influence of leisure satisfaction on leisure cost is psychological, social, and relaxation factors on time leisure cost, psychological and relaxation factors on economic leisure cost, physical and social factors on social leisure cost, and relaxation factors on physical leisure cost. On leisure cost, psychological and relaxation factors were found to have a significant effect on psychological leisure cost. CONCLUSION Satisfaction and leisure costs were shown to form a mutually circulating structure.

진지한 여가와 진지한 여가 비용의 관계 검증

김자현,김태환,황선환 한국융합과학회 2024 한국융합과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

구목적 이 연구의 목적은 진지한 여가와 진지한 여가비용의 관계를 탐구하는데 탐구하는데 있다. 구체적으로 진지한 여가외 부정적 결과물인 2차 비용의 관계에서 1차 비용의 매개효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 연구대상은 생활체육활동에 참여하는 20세 이상을 모집단으로 설정했다. 할당표집법을 활용해 406명에게 설문조사를 실시했으며, 37부를 제외한 총 355부를 실제분석에 활용했다. 자료처리방법은 SPSS 27.0, AMOS 27.0 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 신뢰도분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계분석, Process Macro 4번 모델을 활용한 매개효과 분석을 실시했다. 결과 도출된 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 진지한 여가는 2차 비용에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반면, 1차 비용은 진지한 여가와 2차 비용 사이에서 매개하여 완전매개모형이 검증되었다. 결론 이연구의 결과를 통해 진지한 여가 참여 과정에서 신체적, 심리적, 시간적, 금전적 소비가 증가할 때 부정적인 결과물인 진지한 여가 비용의 2차 비용이 발현된다는 것을 확인했다. 이는 진지한 여가 비용이발현되는 패러다임을 검증했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between serious leisure and serious leisure cost. Specifically, it aims to test the mediating effect of pre cost on the relationship between serious leisure and post cost, which are negative outcomes of serious leisure. Methods The study's population consisted of individuals aged 20 years or older who participate in daily physical activity. A survey was administered to 406 people using the quota sampling method. Out of these, 355 responses were utilized for the actual analysis, after excluding 37 copies. The data processing methods used were frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis utilizing the Process Macro Model 4, all conducted using the SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 27.0 programs. Result The derived research results are as follows. Serious leisure did not have a significant impact on post cost. On the other hand, pre cost mediated between serious leisure and post cost, confirming a full mediation model. Conclusion The results of this study confirm that during the process of engaging in serious leisure, when physical, psychological, temporal, and financial expenditures increase, post cost—which are negative outcomes of serious leisure cost—are manifested. This is significant as it validates the paradigm in which serious leisure costs emerge

진지한 여가 비용 탐색

황선환(Hwang Sun-hwan),김태환(Kim Teahwan),이문진(Lee Munjin) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2017 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.41 No.2

The purpose of the current study was to explore the serious leisure costs which were negative outcomes resulted from participation in serious leisure. In order to conceptualize the serious leisure cost, literature review and experts` meeting were conducted. The serious leisure costs consisted of five subfactors such as time cost, financial cost, social cost, physical cost, and psychological cost. Based on the literature review, these preliminary subfactors of serious leisure costs included four items respectively. A total of 350 active participants in leisure sports clubs were collected using the purposive sampling method. Out of them, data from 265 serious leisure participants who rated over 4.0 out of 7.0 were employed for the analyses. Through the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the serious leisure cost scale was composed of five subfactors and 15 items finally. The model fit was verified with χ=230.09, df=80, CFI=.939, TLI=.920, and RMSEA=.075. The reliability was also accepted with time(α=.820), financial(α=.782), social(α=.898), physical(α=.724), psychological cost(α=.803). The serious leisure cost scaled roughly explored would be used for negative sphere research of serious leisure and these research would be beneficial to improve the body of knowledge for serious leisure.

진지한 여가편익 및 비용의 상호작용에 따른 여가만족, 지속의도, 레크리에이션 전문화의 차이

김종호,황선환 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2023 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.47 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in leisure satisfaction, continuance intention, and recreation specialization in the interaction of serious leisure benefits and costs. In this study, adults aged 20 years and older in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province who participate in racquet sports activities were selected as the sample, and a final sample of 560 was used for analysis. A questionnaire was utilized to accomplish the research objectives. To determine the reliability of the items, Cronbach's α coefficient was used to test the internal consistency of the items. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and non-hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's method and Dendrogram, one-way ANOVA, and scheffe’s post-hoc test were conducted. The study found that 1) Leisure satisfaction is higher when serious leisure benefits are high and costs are low. 2) Higher serious leisure benefits and lower costs were associated with higher continuance intentions. 3) Recreational specialization is highest when leisure benefits are high and costs are low, but the nature of the recreational specialization stage is such that even when benefits are low and costs are high, people may accept costs as benefits increase. In this study, we identified the difference between serious leisure benefits and costs, and the trade-off point between serious leisure benefits and costs.

진지한 여가 수준에 따른 진지한 여가 비용의 하위요인 차이 분석

김홍설,김태환,황선환 한국사회체육학회 2018 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.74

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences inse rious leisure costs and it’s sub-factors based on the levels of serious leisure. A total of 370 participantsn iserious leisure activities were collected using th e purposive sampling method. In order to achieve the goals of the current study, various statistical analyses including frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, reliability & validity analyses, K-means cluster analysis, and Oneway ANOVA were conducted employing SPSS 25.0 Version. From ther esults of these analyses, we found a s follows. First, higher group of serious leisure levels perceived higher costs of serious leisure. Second, as the level of serious leisure increases, the sub-factors of perceived serious leisure costs (time, financial, physical, and psychological costs) increase except for the social cost of seiorus leisure. Therefore, in order to improve th e quality of leisure activity, we need to pay more attention to the negative effects of serious leisure named as ‘the serious leisure cost’as well as the positive effects of serious leisure named as ‘the benefits of serious leisure.’

진지한 여가 비용 척도 개발 및 타당성 검증

김태환 ( Taehwan Kim ),황선환 ( Sunhwan Hwang ) 한국체육학회 2020 한국체육학회지 Vol.59 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 진지한 여가 비용의 개념을 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 척도를 제작하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는데 있다. 선행연구에서 델파이 조사를 통해 정립된 개념을 토대로 선행연구를 참고하여 전문가 회의를 실시하였고, 1차 비용과 2차 비용의 문항을 제작한 후 내용검토를 실시하였다. 최초 5요인 26문항, 5요인 28문항으로 구성되었던 두 척도는 각각 6문항, 8문항이 삭제되어 동일하게 5요인 20문항으로 수정되었다. 본 조사를 실시하여 개발된 진지한 여가 비용 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 축구, 야구, 테니스, 배드민턴, 골프, 자전거(사이클)에 진지하게 참여하고 있는 여가 스포츠 동호인 406명에게 설문이 실시하였고, 그 중 355부를 최종 분석에 활용하였다. 척도 개발을 위한 절차에 따라 타당도(구성타당도, 판별타당도, 준거타당도)와 신뢰도 분석을 통해 진지한 여가의 1차 비용과 2차 비용의 척도를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 척도는 진지한 여가 관련 변인 및 인구사회학적 변인, 경제, 사회, 심리, 교육 등의 관련 변인과의 관계를 규명하는 후속 연구를 활발히 실시할 수 있는 토대를 마련했다는데 의미가 있다. 따라서 본 척도는 그동안 편익에 가려져 주목받지 못하였던 진지한 여가의 부정적 영역을 연구하는데 활용되어 진지한 여가의 이론적 확장에 기여할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to develop the scale that can accurately measure the concept of serious leisure cost, and to verify the validity of it’s scale. Based on the concept which established through the Delphi surveys in previous study, the pre cost and post cost items of serious leisure were extracted through the experts panel meeting. The pre cost scale was composed of 26 items within five factors while the post cost scale was composed of 28 items within five factors. Six items from the pre cost scale were removed and eight items from the post cost scale were excluded by the experts panel meetings. Finally, both scales were revised to have each 20 items within five factors. This study examined the validity and reliability of the serious leisure cost scale. A total of 406 leisure sports club members who are involved in soccer, baseball, badminton, golf, and cycling seriously were selected using the quota sampling method, and then a total of 355 questionnaires were used for the final analyses. The reliability and validity of each pre and post cost of serious leisure were verified. The scale developed in this study is significant in establishing the foundation for active follow-up studies for investigating the relationships between serious leisure-related variables, socio-demographic variables, economic, social, psychological, educational variables, etc. Therefore, the scale will be useful for studying the negative sides of serious leisure that has been neglected due to the benefit and will contribute to theoretical expansion of serious leisure theory.

진지한 여가 수준에 따른 진지한 여가 비용

김태환(Kim Tae-hwan),황선환(Hwang Sun-hwan) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2017 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.41 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in serious leisure cost based on the degree of participation in serious leisure activities, gender, types of leisure sports, and the interaction between gender and types of leisure sports. A total of 382 leisure sports participants over 18 year-old collected using the purposive sampling method were employed. To achieve the goals of the study, various statistics methods such as frequence analysis, descriptive analysis, K-means cluster analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA were utilized. As the results, first, participants who had higher level of serious leisure felt higher serious leisure cost. Second, male participants had more serious leisure cost than females. Third, participants in personal and group leisure sports had higher serious leisure cost than participants in individual leisure sports. Finally, serious leisure cost of males participating in group leisure sports was highest and females` participating in individual leisure sports was lowest. The current study provides leisure scholars with the new research area indicating the negative outcomes of serious leisure. Leisure researchers have to pay more attention to serious leisure cost.

청소년 여가활동 참여정도와 여가제약 요인에 관한 분석

강길현(Kang Gil Hyeon) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This research focused the extent of typical participating in leisure activities and difference analysis of typical leisure constraints factors on leisure activities, and analyzed the difference between the extent of participating in leisure activities and leisure constraints factors. The results of this study are as follows. First, in the extent of typical participating in leisure activities based on sex, there is difference in sports activities, and viewing and appreciation activities, respectively p<.001 and p<.05. On the other hand, there is no difference in habitual and cultural activities, recreation and social meeting, or service and religious activities. In relation to grades, the second grade students generally showed the highest numerical value (M=2.90), there is difference in habitual and cultural activities (p .05), and there is no difference in sports activities, viewing and appreciation activities, or service and religious activities. In relation to the standard of living, the low class showed the highest numerical value (M=2.85), and there is no difference in the types of participating in leisure activities. In connection with monthly spending money, the students answered that they received spending money of more than 100 thousand Won which showed the highest numerical value (M=2.89), and there is no difference in types of participating in leisure activities at all. Second, in the difference analysis of typical leisure participating restriction factors based on sex, both male and female answered that the lack of sports facility, programs and time, and economical cost are restriction factors. There is statistically difference in relation to laziness(p .05). In relation to grades, all of the first, second, and third grade answered that the lack of sports facility, programs and time, and economical cost are restriction factors. On the other hand, there are statistically difference in the lack of motivation and time, and the lack of sports facility and laziness, respectively p .01 and p .05. In connection with the standard of living, the low class showed the highest numerical value(M=3.17), and there is statistically difference in economical cost and the absence of companions, and the lack of motivation, respectively p<.001 and p<.05. On the other hand, there is no statistical difference in relation to the lack of facility, programs and time, and laziness. In relation to monthly spending money, More than 100 thousand Won was marked as the highest numerical value(M=3.10). There is statistically difference in economical cost and the absence of companions, p<.05. Third, in the difference analysis of the leisure restriction factors based on the extent of participating in leisure activities, in relation to all of the activities such as sports, habitual and cultural, viewing and appreciation activities, recreation and social meeting, and service and religious activities, the orders of strong restriction factors are as follows: the lack of facility, programs and time, and economical cost. There are statistically difference both facility and programs in sports activities(p<.05), and economical cost in viewing and appreciation activities(p<.05).

여자 야구동호인의 부정적 여가비용 연구: 진지한 여가 이론을 중심으로

정하나,김미량 한국융합과학회 2024 한국융합과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identiry the differences in serious leisure expenditures among female baseball players according to their level of serious leisure. Methods The selected data were subjected to reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS 27.0 and AOMS 24.0. Results The results showed that there was no significant difference in the cost of serious leisure according to the level of serious leisure, and only time cost was significantly different among the subfactors of serious leisure according to the level of serious leisure. These results confirm that the level of serious leisure is a determinant of serious leisure costs. Conclusion The significance of the study is that it identifies the true cost of participating at a level of seriousness in a sport that already has a high barrier to entry for women