지식유출 의도의 내재적 및 외재적 요인에 대한 연구: 암묵적 지식 관점에서

김용태,구윤모,이재남 한국지식경영학회 2019 지식경영연구 Vol.20 No.4

In the rapidly changing business environment, knowledge has been recognized as a core asset for sustaining an organization’s competitive advantage. In addition, knowledge sharing is one of the key elements of knowledge management, emphasizing external knowledge sharing beyond initial internal knowledge sharing. However, while knowledge management research emphasizes knowledge sharing, which is a positive aspect, research on preventing knowledge leakage that can have negative consequences is relatively lacking. Companies have tried to minimize the negative effects of knowledge management but many knowledge leakage accidents are still occurring. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of external factors based on deterrence theory and internal factors based on self-determination theory on knowledge leakage intention focusing on tacit knowledge. The results of the empirical analysis of 100 data sets collected through a scenario-based survey show that certainty of sanctions, social disapproval, and competence are found to have a significant effect on reducing tacit knowledge leakage intention. Furthermore, informal sanctions have a greater impact on tacit knowledge leakage intention than formal sanctions and external factors have a greater effect on tacit knowledge leakage intention than internal factors.

가상 커뮤니티에서의 지식소싱행동에 대한 이해

박상철 ( Sang Cheol Park ),김정환 ( Jung Hwan Kim ),송재기 ( Jae Ki Song ) 한국지식경영학회 2011 지식경영연구 Vol.12 No.2

By providing a number of unprecedented knowledge sources, virtual communities have stimulated interests in knowledge sourcing Specifically, virtual communities have triggered fundamental changes in the ways that people interact with one another. Thus, there is a critical need to examine how people try to behave for sourcing knowledge in virtual communities, particularly in terms of the demand-side perspective of knowledge. To address the knowledge gap regarding knowledge sourcing behavior from the knowledge recipients` side, this study draws upon GPA(goal-plan-action) theory with both the social cognitive theory and the goal-setting theory as overarching theories. Furthermore, we apply past experience in virtual communities and trust in knowledge providers as moderating variables to deeply understand the knowledge recipients` behavior. We expect to present theoretical and practical implications through our findings, which are relevant to cognitive goal-setting and knowledge sourcing behavior. In the theoretical perspective, this study illustrates how knowledge recipients determine knowledge sourcing behavior. Based on our findings, this study has practical implications for virtual communities to effectively balance knowledge repositories and knowledge management systems with knowledge providers and recipients.

Knowledge Sharing in the New World of Work : Effects of the New Way of Working

Arjan de Kok,Roel Esten,Remko W Helms 한국IT서비스학회 2015 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The New Way of Working (NWOW) is changing the world in which we work today. The principles of NWOW are based on freedom of time and place to work, and steering on output (results) instead of input (presence). As NWOW is a relatively new phenomenon, research on the effect of NWOW on knowledge sharing in organizations is scarce. In this research two multiple - case studies were performed to investigate the effect of the New Way of Working on knowledge. In the first study (A) different knowledge sharing scenarios were used at organizations that were in the process of implementing NWOW. This provided the opportunity to compare the sharing of knowledge between 'NWOW workers' and employees that still worked in the traditional way (non - NWOW workers). In total 216 scenario results were evaluated to determine differences in channel choice between the traditional and new work environment. For the second study (B) a Knowledge Sharing Framework was developed, based on the theories of Nonaka and Alavi & Leidner. This framework was used to determine the type of knowledge shared, e.g. tacit or explicit knowledge, in 84 situations. Additionally, to measure the level of NWOW adoption, a NWOW Analysis Monitor was used. The results show that NWOW workers use more different communication channels than traditional workers. When knowledge workers become more mobile, they will exchange knowledge less explicit (codified) and more tacit (personalized), use less face - to - face communication, but more video calls and e - mail. The adoption of the principles of NWOW seems to have a balancing effect on the knowledge that is shared in a tacit and explicit way, which in the view of Scheepers et al. is an effective knowledge sharing strategy. The research results show organizations need to realize that the New World of Working is affecting the way knowledge is shared. Missing out on this development may result in the loss of important knowledge and impact the operation of organizations.

Knowledge Extractions, Visualizations, and Inference from the big Data in Healthcare and Medical

Kim, Jin Sung Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2013 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.23 No.5

The purpose of this study is to develop a composite platform for knowledge extractions, visualizations, and inference. Generally, the big data sets were frequently used in the healthcare and medical area. To help the knowledge managers/users working in the field, this study is focused on knowledge management (KM) based on Data Mining (DM), Knowledge Distribution Map (KDM), Decision Tree (DT), RDBMS, and SQL-inference. The proposed mechanism is composed of five key processes. Firstly, in Knowledge Parsing, it extracts logical rules from a big data set by using DM technology. Then it transforms the rules into RDB tables. Secondly, through Knowledge Maintenance, it refines and manages the knowledge to be ready for the computing of knowledge distributions. Thirdly, in Knowledge Distribution process, we can see the knowledge distributions by using the DT mechanism.Fourthly, in Knowledge Hierarchy, the platform shows the hierarchy of the knowledge. Finally, in Inference, it deduce the conclusions by using the given facts and data.This approach presents the advantages of diversity in knowledge representations and inference to improve the quality of computer-based medical diagnosis.

원자력 수용성 결정에서 지식의 효과와 기능: 객관적 지식과 주관적 지식을 중심으로

박천희,김서용 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2015 行政論叢 Vol.53 No.3

The goal of this research is to analyze the role of local knowledge on risk assessment regarding nuclear power. Previous studies suggest conflicting results in the relationship between knowledge and risk perception, whereupon the results have raised a lot of questions about the role of knowledge. This study categorized knowledge according to knowledge characteristics (objective and subjective) and analyzed the relationship between each type of knowledge and several risk perception variables. First, while subjective knowledge and objective knowledge were found to be highly relevant, subjective knowledge showed a high correlation with psychometric paradigm variables, and objective knowledge was not. This result suggests that the two types of knowledge can play different roles in nuclear risk assessment. Second, as subjective and objective knowledge increases, psychometric variables were identified as patterns mitigating risk perception. Third, subjective knowledge has a stronger influence than objective knowledge on the level of individual acceptance, while objective knowledge has an influence only on the level of social acceptance. These results show that the influence of knowledge can change by type of acceptance as well as the type of knowledge. Fourth, subjective and objective knowledge moderate the psychometric paradigm variables such as trust, perceived benefit, and stigma. The findings provide academic meaning in that they suggest the effect type of knowledge and the multidimensional effect of knowledge have on risk perception regarding nuclear power. 본 연구는 원전 인근의 지역주민들이 원자력 수용성을 판단할 때 지식이 어떠한 역할을 하는지 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 기존 연구에서는 지식의 효과를 검증하는데 있어 지식에 대해 전체론적으로 접근하고 있어서 지식유형별 기능과 효과를 간과하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지식을 주관적 지식과 객관적 지식으로 구분하여 원자력 수용성에 미치는 효과를 검증하고, 위험지각 변수들(지각된 위험, 지각된 편익, 낙인, 신뢰)과의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 주관적 지식과 객관적 지식은 상호관련성이 있으나 독자적 기능을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 주관적 지식은 수용성 및 위험지각 변수들과 높은 상관성을 보이는 반면 객관적 지식은 그렇지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 개인적 차원의 원자력 수용성에서는 주관적 지식이 객관적 지식에 비해 강한 영향력을 보인 반면, 사회적 차원의 수용성에서는 객관적 지식만이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 지식의 유형 구분의 정당성과 필요성을 보여준다. 즉, 지식변수는 기존 위험지각변수들이 수용성을 설명하는 것과 별도의 차별적 설명력을 가지고 있다는 것이다. 넷째, 주관적・객관적 지식은 신뢰, 편익, 낙인과 같은 위험지각 변수들과 수용성간 관계를 조절하는 것으로 확인되었다. 지식은 신뢰와 편익이 가지는 긍정적 기능을 촉진하며, 낙인이 가지는 부정적 효과를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.

논문 : 지식시각화 모형제시를 통한 지식의 디자인체계 연구

오병근 ( Byung Keun Oh ) 디자인융복합학회 2013 디자인융복합연구 Vol.12 No.1

정보가 흐름의 개념인데 비해 지식은 축적의 개념으로 볼 수 있다. 정보는 상황에 의해 생성되고 영향을 받는 것이라 지속성이 없지만 지식은 고도화된 정보가 축적되어 일반적으로 적용할 수 있는 개념이다. 지식의 시각화는 인문, 자연, 사회, 기술, 예술 등의 학문분야와 같이 객관성있고 지속성이 있으며 검증된 내용을 대상으로 하고 있다. 시각화를 통해 어떤 지식 대상에 대한 학습과 발견, 지식생산을 위한 협동, 학습을 위한 주의집중, 지식활용을 위한 기억과 동기부여, 또 다른 지식창출을 위한 통찰을 줄 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 지식도 정보처럼 디자인의 대상으로 보고 그것의 체계정립을 시도하였다. 디지털 매체 환경에서 텍스트보다 이미지화된 지식전달에 대한 요구가 점차적으로 늘어나고 있는 시점에서, 지식 시각화에 대한 연구 이슈제기와 더불어 지식 시각화의 개념을 정립하고 그 절차적 모형을 제시하므로서 지식의 디자인체계를 확립하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 시각화할 수 있는 대상에 대한 구분, 지식노드의 선택과 분류, 정리와 재배치, 라벨링 과정을 거치는 지식내용의 아키텍처, 구조화된 지식내용에 시각적 표현요소를 적용하는 시각적 매핑을 통해 시각화 형식으로 모형을 구체화하였다. 이를 통해 명시적, 인과적, 방법적, 공간적 지식과 사람에 관한 지식으로 지식 시각화의 유형이 귀결되었으며, 지식 시각화의 체계정립으로 지식의 새로운 가치창출에 기여할 것이다. The attribute of Information is a kind of stream but knowledge is accumulation. Information has no consistency since it is influenced by the circumstance, but knowledge could be generally applicable since it is accumulated by maturing information. The subject of knowledge visualization should be objective, consistent, and verified like academic disciplines such as humanities and art, nature, society, technology, and art. Knowledge visualization give us learning and discovering, motivation and memory for using knowledge, corporation and inspiration for creating new knowledge. This study try to set up the system of designing knowledge since demand of images to convey knowledge is increasing. In order to suggest the procedural framework for designing knowledge this paper shows the categories for objects of knowledge visualization, knowledge architecture through the selection and sort of knowledge node, arrangement, and labeling. It is also realized into know-what, know-why, know-how, know-where, and know-who through the visual mapping with organized contents of knowledge. The framework of knowledge visualization would contribute creating new value of knowledge.

차운시(次韻詩)에 드러난 지식 활용의 제 양상-행원(杏園) 최동립(崔東立)의 차운시 작시 양상을 중심으로

김묘정 한국문학회 2022 韓國文學論叢 Vol.90 No.-

This article aims to examine the proper aspects of the use of knowledge revealed in Rhyme-borrowing Poems, with Choi Dong-rip (1557~1611) as the main subject of research. Knowledge is used in various ways in the process of creating literary works, especially in that rhyme-borrowing poems is a material that can confirm the aspect of the use of knowledge sources among poems. Since rhyme-borrowing poems is written in a way that rhymes with original verse poem, it is created in various ways depending on how you approach original verse poem, which is the source of knowledge. Therefore, this article was designed to understand the proper aspects of knowledge utilization through the analysis of the creative method of Rhyme-borrowing Poems. Accordingly, Chapter 2 confirmed the life of a Haengwon and opened the entire Rhyme-borrowing Poems. In addition, the meaning of knowledge utilization was identified by dividing the layers of knowledge identified in Rhyme-borrowing Poems. Since the introduction of the life and literary collection of the Haengwon was not made to the academic world, detailed review was carried out at the same time. Furthermore, the premise of knowledge utilization was prepared by grasping what Rhyme-borrowing Poems means in terms of knowledge utilization. Next, in Chapter 3, the knowledge utilization patterns identified in Rhyme-borrowing Poems were analyzed. The first aspect we looked at is the aspect of learning and acquiring knowledge as a course of study. Haengwon's Rhyme-borrowing Poems is continuously created throughout the entire collection and is characteristic in that the works of Chinese artists are targeted as academic poems. Second, in terms of knowledge exchange, the creative aspect of Rhyme-borrowing Poems using the same material was analyzed. This shows what the creation of Rhyme-borrowing Poems using the same material means in terms of knowledge exchange. Third, it revealed that it is a genre in which spontaneous knowledge sharing and real-time communication take place in that it is possible to create poetry using the rhyme of original verse poem immediately. 이 글은 杏園 崔東立(1557~1611)의 次韻詩를 주요 연구 대상으로 삼아 차운시에 드러난 지식 활용의 제 양상을 살피고자 한 것이다. 지식은 문학 작품 창작 과정에서 다양하게 활용되는데, 특히 한시 가운데 차운시는 지식 원천 활용의 제 양상을 확인할 수 있는 자료라는 점에서 의미가 있다. 차운시는 원운시의 운자에 차운하는 방식으로 작시되므로, 지식의 원천에 해당하는 원운시에 어떻게 접근하느냐에 따라 다양한 양상으로 창작된다. 따라서 이 글은 차운시 작시 방식 분석을 통해 지식 활용의 제 양상을 파악할 수 있다는 판단 아래 구성된 것이다. 이에 2장에서는 행원의 삶과 차운시를 개관하는 작업에서부터 시작하여 차운시에서 확인되는 지식의 층위를 나눠 지식 활용의 의미를 파악하였다. 행원의 삶과 문집에 대한 소개가 학계에 이뤄지지 않았으므로 기초 작업이라는 측면에서 면밀하게 검토하는 작업을 병행한 것이다. 나아가 차운시가 지식 활용 측면에서 어떤 의미를 지니는지 파악함으로써 지식 활용 양상의 전제를 마련하였다. 다음으로 3장에서는 행원의 차운시에 드러난 지식 활용 양상을 분석하였다. 첫 번째로 살펴본 양상은 학시 과정으로서의 차운과 지식 습득 면모이다. 행원의 차운시는 전 문집에 걸쳐 지속적으로 창작되고 있으며 중국 작가의 작품을 학시의 대상으로 삼았다는 점에서 특징적이다. 두 번째는 지식 교류 측면에서의 동일 소재를 활용한 차운시 창작 양상을 분석하였다. 이는 동일 소재를 활용한 차운시 창작이 지식 교류 측면에서 어떤 의미를 지니는지 보여준다. 세 번째는 즉흥적 지식 공유를 통한 실시간 소통 양상을 살폈다. 여기에서는 차운시 창작이 원운시의 운자를 활용해 즉시 때에 맞춰 이뤄짐을 확인하고, 차운시가 즉흥적 지식 공유와 실시간 소통이 이루어지는 장르임을 밝혔다.

전략적 지식큐레이션을 위한 새로운 제언

한병석 ( Byungsuk Han ),배경훈 ( Kyounghun Bae ),강형구 ( Hyoung-goo Kang ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2019 유라시아연구 Vol.16 No.2

정보를 획득하고 관리하는 것은 매우 중요한 경영학 연구 주제이다. 이미 사회과학의 많은 영역에서 정보의 획득과 관리에 대해 심도 깊게 다루고 있다. 최근에는 다루어야 할 정보의 양이 폭발적으로 늘어남에 따라 기존 정보를 재구성하고 이를 가치 있는 지식(knowledge)으로 바꾸는 것이 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 따라서 방대한 정보의 바다에서 유용한 정보를 수집하고 분류하기 위한 효과적인 정보 관리방안으로서 지식큐레이션(knowledge curation)의 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 큐레이션 (Curation)은 원래 박물관에서의 미술품 선택과 관리를 의미했지만, 이제는 정보의 재구성이라는 개념으로 확장되어 사용되고 있기 때문이다. 지식큐레이션에 대한 서비스는 수요 및 공급 양쪽의 측면에서 증가하고 있다. 수요 측면에서는 기존 정보에 대한 선택 대안이 너무 많아 큐레이션에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 너무 많은 선택대안은 소비자의 유용성을 감소시킬 수 있기 때문이다. 공급 측면에서, 정보를 다루는 비용이 감소함에 따라 지식큐레이션을 더욱 합리적인 비용으로 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 서비스가 확대되고 있다. 빅데이터 기술 등과 같이 소비자에게 맞춤형 지식큐레이션을 제공할 수 있는 기술의 진보가 뒷받침되고 있기기 때문이다. 그러나 지식관리에 관한 기존의 연구문헌은 새롭고 떠오르고 있는 지식큐레이션의 개념을 충분히 다루고 있지 못하다. 기존 지식 관리 문헌은 확장되고 있는 새로운 개념을 명확하게 정의하고 있지 못하기 때문이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본고는 지식큐레이션에 대한 새로운 프레임워크를 제시하고자 한다. 본고에서는 지식큐레이션을 그 목적과 진행과정으로 분류하였다. 이러한 분류방법에 따라 지식큐레이션은 네 가지로 세분화할 수 있다. 즉, 뉴스 접근법(News Approach), 박물관 접근법(Museum Approach), 네트워킹 접근법(Networking Approach) 및 개방형 혁신 접근법(Open-Innovation Apporach)이다. 구체적으로 뉴스접근법은 지식큐레이터가 기존 지식을 일방적인 방향으로 전달하는 것이며, 다각적 흐름을 통해 기존 지식을 전달하는 것은 네트워킹 접근법이 된다. 한편, 지식큐레이터의 목표가 일방적인 정보 흐름을 통해 새로운 지식을 창출하는 것이면 박물관 접근법으로 분류할 수 있고, 지식 큐레이터가 참여자 간의 다각적인 상호 작용을 통해 새로운 지식을 창출하는 것을 목표로 할 때는 개방적인 혁신접근법으로 구분할 수 있다. 또한, 본고는 지식큐레이션의 각 분류에 따라 큐레이터와 참여자들이 어떻게 특징 지어지는지도 설명하고 있다. 각각의 접근법은 강사(Lecturer), 연구자(Researcher), 조정자(Moderator) 및 혁신 관리자(Innovator)와 같은 서로 다른 역할로 설명할 수 있다. 뉴스 접근법은 큐레이터가 강사로서의 역할을 담당할 것을 요구하고, 박물관 접근은 연구자로서의 역할을 기대하고 있다. 그리고 네트워킹 접근법은 지식 큐레이터에게 중재자로서의 역할을, 개방형 혁신 접근법은 혁신적인 관리자로서의 역할로 분류할 수 있다. 한편, 본고에서는 지식 큐레이션을 성공적으로 구현하기 위한 실무적인 방법론도 제시고하고 있다. 제안된 방법론은 앞서 설명한 네 가지 지식큐레이션 접근법에 모두 적용할 수 있는 일반적인 프로세스라는 점에서도 의의가 있다. 본고는 지식큐레이션의 목적과 실행방법에 대한 방안을 구체화한 첫 번째 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 본 연구는 새로운 개념인 지식큐레이션을 보다 효과적으로 활용할 수 있도록 근거를 제시하고, 기존연구문헌의 한계를 보완한다는 점에서도 학술적 의의가 있다. 그러나 각 접근법에 대한 구체적인 실행방법론에 대해서는 연구목적상 차기 연구주제로 다루고자 한다. 모쪼록 본고를 계기로 지식큐레이션에 대한 다양한 논의가 활발히 진행되기를 고대해 본다. How to acquire and to produce important information is critical. How to manage knowledge is also a significant topic in social science. Recently, as the amount of information has exploded, it becomes more important how to organize existing information and to turn much information into valuable knowledge. Furthermore, it is crucial for people to select the right information for themselves. In other words, in the vast ocean of information, we must be able to gather and classify useful information. Knowledge curation, as a management process of reorganization of information, is a promising strategy. Knowledge curation is an interesting concept. Curation originally meant the selection and care of objects to be shown in a museum, but now is used as a reorganization of the information. Knowledge curation services have grown due to both demand and supply factors. From the demand side, as there are too many choice alternatives about contents, the demand for contents curation increases. Contrary to common sense, too many choice alternatives can reduce the utility of consumers. From the supply side, as the cost of contents decreases, curation becomes cheaper. In addition, big data technologies make it possible to offer customized knowledge curation to consumers. However, existing knowledge management literature has not clearly incorporated this new concept yet. In this paper, we suggest a novel framework for knowledge curation in line with existing knowledge management literature. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to catalog knowledge curation on its goals and processes. This paper will make this emergent concept more useful and in turn, contribute to the body of knowledge management literature. We classify knowledge curation based on its process and its orientation. This classification yields four approaches to knowledge curation: news approach, museum approach, networking approach and open innovation approach. Four types of knowledge curation are summarized as below. When knowledge curation is to communicate existing knowledge in unilateral direction, it becomes the news approach. When it is to communicate existing knowledge through multilateral flow, it becomes the networking approach. When the goal of knowledge curation is creating new knowledge through unilateral information flow, the museum approach emerges. Lastly, when knowledge curation aims to create new knowledge through multilateral interactions between participants, it is the open innovation approach. And we suggest required roles for knowledge curator according to each approach. The news approach requires curators to become lecturer, the museum approach does researcher, the network approach does moderator, and the open innovation approach does innovation manager. Also, we suggest how to implement knowledge curation successfully. The suggested process describes the generic process that can be applied to all models of knowledge curation. It is desirable to repeat this procedure until the marginal cost of the procedure iteration is greater than the marginal utility. Future research can enrich this research with further qualitative and quantitative analysis.

키워드 기반 문서 네트워크를 이용한 네트워크형 지식지도 자동 구성

유기동 ( Yoo Keedong ) 한국지식경영학회 2018 지식경영연구 Vol.19 No.3

A knowledge map, a taxonomy of knowledge repositories, must have capabilities supporting and enhancing knowledge user’s activity to search and select proper knowledge for problem-solving. Conventional knowledge maps, however, have been hierarchically categorized, and could not support such activity that must coincide with the user’s cognitive process for knowledge utilization. This paper, therefore, aims to verify and develop a methodology to build a networked knowledge map that can support user’s activity to search and retrieve proper knowledge based on the referential navigation between content-relevant knowledge. This paper deploys keywords as the semantic information between knowledge, because they can represent the overall contents of a given document, and because they can play the role of semantic information on the link between related documents. By aggregating links between documents, a document network can be formulated: a keyword-based networked knowledge map can be finally built. Domain expert-based validation test was also conducted on a networked knowledge map of 50 research papers, which confirmed the performance of the proposed methodology to be outstanding with respect to the precision and recall.

개인적·사회적 요인을 고려한 가상 공동체에서의 지식 공유 모형

최경선 ( Choi Kyungsun ),안현철 ( Ahn Hyunchul ) 한국정보시스템학회 2019 情報시스템硏究 Vol.28 No.1

Purpose Virtual communities (VCs) are becoming ever more important in these days, sometimes more than offline communities. Notably, they have become significant sources of knowledge sharing. Therefore, in order to foster a VC, it is very important to understand why people share their knowledge in the VC. Under this background, this paper aims at proposing the behavioral model best explains knowledge sharing activities in VCs. Design/methodology/approach We basically design our behavioral model for knowledge sharing in VCs based on theory of reasoned action (TRA). However, to understand knowledge sharing in VCs better, we specify knowledge sharing by dividing it into knowledge contribution and knowledge use. Also, instead of ‘subjective norm’, we adopt ‘sense of virtual community (SOVC)’ as a main social factor, which has been found to be important in the literature. We also include the antecedents such as ‘quality of the shared knowledge’, ‘trust in community members’, ‘passion of the community leader’, ‘reciprocity’, and ‘self efficacy’, which affect VC users’attitude towards knowledge sharing and SOVC. To test the hypotheses in our proposed model, we collected 253 valid surveys from the VC users. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS 23 is employed to assess the relationships proposed as the hypotheses. Findings Major findings are as follows. SOVC positively affects both intention to contribute knowledge and intention to use knowledge. And, trust in community members positively affects the attitude towards knowledge use and SOVC. The attitude towards knowledge use is also affected by the quality of the shared knowledge. Reciprocity is found to strongly positively affect the attitude towards knowledge contribution. However, passion of the community leader and self efficacy are found to have insignificant effect on SOVC and the attitude towards knowledge contribution respectively. Our study sheds a light on how to foster VCs from the perspective of knowledge management.