개방형 BIM 기반 IFC 모델을 이용한 실내공간정보 시각화 도구개발 및 활용방안 연구

류정림,문선기,추승연 대한공간정보학회 2015 Spatial Information Research Vol.23 No.5

MOLIT (Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) authorized Indoor Spatial Information as Basic spatial information in 2013. It became a legal evidence for constructing and managing Indoor Spatial Information. Although it has a little advantage to utilize as service level that Indoor Spatial Information by laser scan or measurement, it has a lot of problems such as consuming many resources, requiring additional progresses for inputting Object Information. In conclusion, it is inefficient to utilize for the maintenance and domestic AEC/FM field. The purposes of this study is to output Indoor Spatial Information by operating IFC model which based on open BIM and to improve availability of Indoor Spatial Information with data visualization. The open-sources of IFC Exporter, a inner program of Revit (Autodesk Inc), is used to output Indoor Spatial Information. Directs 3D Library is also operated to visualize Indoor Spatial Information. It is possible to inter-operate between XML format and the objects of Indoor Spatial Information. It can be utilized in various field as well. For example COBie linkage in facility management, construction of geo-database using air-photogrammetry of UAV (Unmaned Areal Vehicle), the simulation of large-scale military operations and the simulation of large-scale evacuation. The method that is purposed in this study has outstanding advantages such as conformance with national spatial information policy, high level of interoperability as indoor spatial information objects based on IFC, convenience of editing information, light level of data and simplifying progress of producing information. 2013년 국토교통부는 부가가치와 활용도가 높은 실내공간정보를 국가 핵심 공간정보로 구축 관리하기 위하여 ‘기본공간정보’로 추가 지정하였으며, 이에 전국의 실내공간정보를 구축하고 관리할 수 있는 법률적 근거와 계기가 마련되었다. 하지만 측량/촬영 및 레이저스캐닝을 이용하여 실내공간정보를 구축할 경우 실내공간의 매핑으로 시각적 서비스차원의 활용은 유리하지만 시간적, 인적, 물적 자원의 소비가 크고 속성정보의 입력을 위해 추가적인 정보가공을 필요로 하는 등 유지관리 측면과 국내 AEC/FM 분야 정보의 활용이 제한적이라고 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 개방형 BIM 기반의 IFC 모델을 이용하여 실내공간정보를 추출하고 이를 데이터 시각화 기술과 연계하여 이해와 표현이 쉬운 실내공간정보 시각화 방안을 마련함으로써 실내공간정보의 활용성을 높이고자 하였다. 시각화 도구는 Autodesk사의 Revit 내부 프로그램인 IFC Exporter의 오픈소스를 이용하여 실내공간정보를 추출하였으며 실내공간정보의 시각화를 위해서는 Direct3D Library를 사용하였다. 생성된 실내공간정보 객체는 XML 포맷과 상호호환이 가능하며 시설물 유지관리 분야의 COBie 연계, 항공촬영 혹은 UAV를 활용한 공간데이터베이스 구축, 대규모 군사작전 시뮬레이션, 재해/재난 발생 시 대규모 피난 시뮬레이션 등에 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 실내공간정보 시각화 방안은 국가의 공간정보정책방향에 부합하고 기존 데이터에서 추출하여 생성함으로써 정보생산의 단계가 간편하다. 또한, IFC 기반의 실내공간정보 객체로써 상호운용성이 높고 정보의 편집이 용이하며 데이터의 경량성 측면에서 우수하다.

지상라이다를 이용한 지하철 역사의 3D 실내공간정보 구축방안 연구

고종식,정인훈,신한섭,최윤수,조성길 대한공간정보학회 2013 Spatial Information Research Vol.21 No.3

Recently, importance of indoor space is on the rise, as larger and more complex buildings are taking place due to development of building technology. Accordingly, range of the target area of spatial information service is rapidly expanding from outdoor space to indoor space. Various demands for indoor spatial information are expected to be created in the future through development of high technologies such as IT·Mobile and convergence with various area. Thus this research takes a look at available methods for building indoor spatial information and then builds high accuracy three-dimensional indoor spatial information using indoor high accuracy laser survey and 3D vector process technique. The accuracy of built 3D indoor model is evaluated by overlap analysis method refer to a digital map, and the result showed that it could guarantee its positional accuracy within 0.04m on the x-axis, 0.06m on the y-axis. This result could be used as a fundamental data for building indoor spatial data and for integrated use of indoor and outdoor spatial information. 최근 공간정보 서비스 대상 영역의 범위가 실외 공간에서 실내 공간으로 급속하게 확대되어 가고 있으며, 이러한 변화는 IT·모바일 등 첨단기술의 발달과 함께 다양한 분야와의 융·복합을 통한 연계 활용으로 향후 실내공간정보의 다양한 서비스 수요를 창출하게 될 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 활용 가능한 실내공간정보 구축방법에 대해 살펴본 후, 서울 시청 지하철 역사를 대상으로 실내 고정밀 레이저 측량 및 3차원 벡터 가공기술을 활용하여 정밀 3차원 실내공간정보를 구축하였다. 구축된 정밀 3차원 실내모델은 1:1000 수치지도와의 중첩분석을 통해 정확도 평가를 실시하였으며 그 결과, X축으로 최대 0.04m Y축으로 최대 0.06m 이내의 위치정확도를 확보할 수 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 실내공간정보 구축 및 실내외 공간정보 연계활용을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

실내공간인지를 위한 IFC모델 기반의 공간추론플랫폼에 관한 연구

염정호(Yeom Jung-Ho),이성기(Lee Seong-Ki),김성아(Kim Sung-Ah) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.4

With the advance of ubiquitous computing, needs for indoor GIS and/or various spatial services in complicated buildings such as railway station, airport, etc. has been increased. Interdisciplinary researches on Indoor Spatial Awareness have been conducted to cope with. To treat dynamic characteristics of interaction among hardware, software, human, and middle-ware in spatio-temporal indoor space in ubiquitous computing environment, it is necessary to make a bridging system called Spatial Reasoning Platform, which can manage information in an intelligent manner based on Building Information Model(BIM) such as Industry Foundation Classes(IFC). To reach the goal, this research was performed as follows; First, general description of Indoor Spatial Awareness was introduced to figure out which information is needed for. Second, we classified the extended spatial information model(ESIM) into 3-hierarchical layers according to the level of information compositeness. Third, through analysis of IFC, reasoning methodology from IFC raw data to purposeful ESIM information was developed. Fourth, we propose IFC Model-based Spatial Reasoning Platform which can manage various aspects of indoor spatial information. This study will contribute not only to theoretical background of the building informatics in ubiquitous computing research area, but also to broaden the application of BIM for spatio-temporal services in building.

실내 공간정보의 체계적 관리와 연계를 위한 선형참조체계 구축 및 적용

이기훈,홍성철 대한공간정보학회 2023 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.31 No.3

High-rise and large-scale buildings are increasingly dominant to efficiently and economically utilize limited space in metropolitan cities. Particularly, in complex buildings connected to underground facilities, a significant number of people uses indoor spaces for various purposes, leading to increasing demands for network-based spatial information services such as path finding and facility management. Indoor networks exhibit various structures and accuracy depending on the raw data and surveying techniques used during construction. Different networks within spatial information systems can cause spatial consistency and inter-operability problems. In this regard, the paper proposes an indoor linear reference system(LRS) to systematically manage and efficiently associate spatial information. The LRS defines a linear datum and linear reference method to locate spatial information along linear paths. With this system, indoor networks with different coordinate systems and scales can consistently record and inter-operate spatial information. In this research, the LRS was empirically constructed in a indoor test bed to confirm its adaptability and efficiency.

BIM기반 실내공간정보구축 및 위치정보 활용 서비스 동향 고찰

김민철(Kim MinCheol),장미경(Jang MiKyoung),홍성문(Hong SungMoon),김주형(Kim JuHyung) 한국BIM학회 2015 KIBIM Magazine Vol.5 No.3

Increasing size and complexity of indoor structures have led to much more complication in the spatial cognition and situational awareness. Contrary to outdoor environments, occupants have limited information regarding the indoor space syntax in terms of architectural and semantic information as well as how they interact with their surroundings. The availability of such information could give conveniences to both users and managers in various aspects. In order to visualize the exact location of rooms and utilities in 3D, many studies and projects have utilized BIM models because of its promising value of representing building components. In fact, the application of BIM provides definitive spatial indoor data and creates services for indoor space management and navigation. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of practices on BIM-based indoor spatial information implementation and location-based services. It is expected that enabling of technologies, data-rich content and accessibility of information products will accelerate the growth of the spatially-related markets in various fields.

CityGML과 IndoorGML의 비교 -실내공간정보 구축 사례 고찰-

이기준,김태훈,유형규,강혜경 대한공간정보학회 2015 Spatial Information Research Vol.23 No.4

Due to recent increase of indoor spatial information demands, several international standards have been published for indoor spatial information. OGC has also recently published two standards for indoor space; CityGML and IndoorGM. CityGML aims to provide a standard for 3D city modeling and the level of details (LoD) 4 covers the indoor space. IndoorGML focuses only on indoor space and provides several functions to complement the weakness of CityGML. It is therefore recommended to apply IndoorGML as a combination with CityGML. However since the weakness and strengths between these standards are not yet fully studied and understood, there is no well-defined guideline to apply them in a proper way. It means that we need to carry out a comparative study between them for their proper integration. For this reason, we discuss the pros and cons of these standards from two use-cases. The sites for the use-cases cover Lotte World Mall and Jongno-5 subway station, respectively. We studied these use-cases to compare CityGML and IndoorGML through the data construction of CityGML and IndoorGML for these sites. And based on several application scenarios, we also analyzed the weakness and strengths of each standard from different viewpoints. We expect that these comparative studies will be helpful to make a guideline on the application and integration between CityGML and CityGML 실내 공간정보의 중요성이 증대됨에 따라 여러 가지 실내 공간정보를 위한 국제표준이 최근에 만들어졌다. 그 대표적인 것이 OGC에서 표준으로 만든 CityGML과 IndoorGML이다. CityGML은 3차원 도시모델을 위한 표준으로 상세도 4가 실내공간을 대상으로 하고 있고, IndoorGML은 실내공간을 주 목적으로 만들어진 표준이다. 특히 IndoorGML은 CityGML의 약점을 보완하기 위하여 만들어진 것으로, CityGML과 통합되어 사용될 때, 그 효용가치가 높아진다. 그러나 이 두 가지 표준의 약점과 장점에 대한 이해가 정확하지 않아, 어떻게 통합하여 사용할 것인지에 대한 분명한 기준이 마련되어 있지 않다. 즉, 이 두 가지 표준을 효과적으로 결합하여 사용하려면 먼저 각각의 장단점에 대한 분석이 선행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 실제 적용사례를 분석하여 두 가지 표준의 차이점과 장단점을 분석한다. 실제 적용사례는 롯데월드몰과 종로5가 지하철역을 대상으로 하고 있으며, CityGML 및 IndoorGML 데이터를 구축하여 그 특징을 비교한다. 뿐만 아니라, 몇 가지 적용사례에 대한 시나리오를 정의하여 각각의 표준이 어떻게 이용될 수 있고, 그 장단점이 무엇인지를 분석한다. 이를 통하여 각 표준의 장단점을 분석하여 이 두 가지 표준을 어떻게 적절하게 사용할지 결정하는데, 본 연구의 결과를 활용할 수 있도록 한다.

연구기관 근무자 실내환경평가를 위한 공간기반 설문조사 및 응답결과 3차원 가시화 연구

이종원(Jong-won Lee),김덕우(Deuk-woo Kim) 한국기술혁신학회 2019 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

거주 후 평가(Post-Occupancy Evaluation, POE)는 거주자의 만족도를 파악하는 연구 방법론으로써, 건축물의 실내환경성능의 가치 판단을 위한 근거로 활용된다. 기존 POE 연구는 대부분 현장조사 및 개별면담 기반으로 진행되어 왔으며, 이러한 방식은 아날로그적 설문방식(고비용, 수작업, 비구조적 결과물)의 한계점이 꾸준히 제기되어왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 UC Berkely Center for the Built Environment에서 개발한 웹기반 설문조사 도구와 선행 POE 연구의 설문문항들을 종합하여, 한국형 POE 도구를 디자인하였다. 해당 도구는 공간기반의 조사 및 설문방식(저비용, 건축물 공간정보와 응답 결과의 자동 맵핑 및 가시화, 데이터 구조화)을 기본으로 한다. 본 논문에서는 개발된 시작품 설계 상세와 연구소 근무환경의 만족도 설문결과를 공간정보 기반으로 가시화하고 분석한 내용을 기술하였다. 제안된 공간기반의 조사 및 설문방식의 유효성 검토를 위해 한국건설기술연구원을 대상으로 본관동 80건, 건설산업혁신센터 50건의 설문조사를 실시하였고, 공간기반 분석이 갖는 강점을 보였다. 추가적으로 건물내 근무자 간 또는 유사 건물 간 POE 벤치마킹으로의 확장 가능성을 제시하였다. 개발된 시스템은 기존의 실내환경성능 만족도 조사의 시간과 비용을 현격히 절감할 수 있을 것으로 기대하며, 공공영역의 시설관리자 및 민간영역의 건물성능평가 컨설턴트에게 혁신적인 건축물 관리 플랫폼 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Post-Occupancy Evaluation(POE) is a research methodology for gathering the occupancy satisfaction and is used as a basis for determining the value of indoor environmental quality(IEQ) of building. Most existing POE studies have been conducted on the basis of field surveys and individual interviews, and these methods have consistently raised the limitations of analogue questionnaires (high cost, manual, unstructured outcomes). Thus, this study designed the Korean POE platform by combining the web-based survey tool developed by UC Berkely Center for the Built Environment and the questionnaire of the previous POE study. The system is based on Three-dimensional Spatial Information-based surveys (low cost, automatic mapping and visualization of building spatial information, response result data structuring). In this paper, the details of the prototype design and the occupancy satisfaction survey results of the research institute"s IEQ were visualized and analyzed based on spatial information. In order to examine the validity of the proposed spatial information based survey and questionnaire method, 80 surveys were conducted at the Headquarter and 50 surveys were conducted at construction industry innovation center .of Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology. The developed system is expected to significantly reduce the time and cost of the existing IEQ occupancy satisfaction survey and can serve as an innovative building management platform for not only facility managers in the public sector but also building performance evaluation consultants in the private sector.

A Study of the Method for Building up 3D Right Objects

이우진,서용철 한국측량학회 2015 한국측량학회지 Vol.33 No.6

Recently, the demand for three-dimensional spatial information has continuously been increasing, and especially, studies of indoor/outdoor spatial information or data construction have actively been conducted. However, utilization of spatial information does not universally spread to the private sector, but it is mostly used for the government offices. Thus, this study deals with the creation of three-dimensional right objects and the technique of expression to further vitalize the private sector, three-dimensional right objects, aiming to create and express three-dimensional right spaces in a particular system or open platform more conveniently. Unlike a plane text or apartment building used in existing maps was iconified and displayed simply, this study proposes a method of extracting data from the outer border of the building by the relevant level based on the existing structured three-dimensional building, a method of providing two-dimensional right spatial objects in XML, and expressing them as three-dimensional right objects efficiently. In addition, this study will discuss a method of creating right objects in a way in which an owner who was provided with a cross section of a building involves the direct detailed right objects in additional production or reproduction to utilize three-dimensional data (right objects) produced through this study.

Construction of Indoor and Outdoor Spatial Information Integration Service System based on Vector

김준현,권기욱 한국측량학회 2018 한국측량학회지 Vol.36 No.3

In order to overcome the problem that outdoor and indoor spatial information service are separately utilized, an integration service system of spatial information that is linked from outdoor to indoor has been implemented. As a result of the study, "0001.xml" corresponding to the file index key value, which is the service connection information in the building information of the destination, was extracted from the prototype verification of the system, the search word of 'Kim AB' was transmitted to the indoor map server and converted from the outdoor map service to the indoor map service through confirmation of the navigation service connected information, using service linkage information and search words of the indoor map service was confirmed that the route was displayed from the entrance of the building to the destination in the building through the linkage search DB (Database) table and the search query. Therefore, through this study was examined the possibility of linking indoor and outdoor DB through vector spatial information integration service system. The indoor map and the map engine were implemented based on the same vector map format as the outdoor map engine, it was confirmed that the connectivity of the map engine can be applied.

무선통신, 실내위치정보인식과 활동패턴 분석기술이 적용된 맞춤형 케어서비스를 위한 3차원 공간정보 구축과 융합기술 개발

김종인,윤희천 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.2

Spatial information is four-dimensional data that expresses its position by appointment, and has its own position and time of digital representation of past, present and future space. Currently, spatial information is being created by satellite images, aerial photographs, drones, aerial RIDAR, and terrestrial RIDAR, and is used in various ways such as services for the socially disadvantaged. In particular, indoor space information is created using design drawings, indoor stereoscopic photographs, and terrestrial LIDAR. The purpose of this study is to realize Geo-IoT by fusion of spatial information and IoT, and to prevent the disappearance and safty risk of dementia patient, kindergarten student and social weak person, this is a research that enables to provide personalized care service to administrators and users by analyzing location information and activity patterns through construction and providing real-time location information to protectors and medical personnel. To realize this, R&D atempted to implement various services by developing and integration Beacon technology, IoT technology, spatial information technology and indoor location recognition technology. 공간정보란 자기의 위치를 약속에 의해 표현하고 과거와 현재 그리고 미래의 공간을 그대로 디지털로 표현한 자기의 위치와 시간을 가지고 있는 4차원 데이터이다. 현재 공간정보는 위성영상, 항공사진, 드론, 항공라이다 및 지상라이다 등에 의해 현실 공간과 똑같이 만들어져, 사회적 약자를 위한 서비스 등 다양하게 활용되어지고 있다. 특히 실내공간정보는 설계도면, 실내입체사진, 지상라이다 등을 이용하여 만들어지고 있다. 본 연구는 공간정보와 IoT를 융합하여 Geo-IoT를 실현하기 위한 연구로써 현재 사회문제로 크게 이슈화 되고 있는 치매환자, 유치원생 및 사회적 약자에 대한 실종 및 안전사고 위험을 방지하기 위하여 실내 3차원 공간정보구축을 통하여 위치정보 및 활동패턴을 분석하여 보호자나 의료인에게 실시간 위치정보를 제공함으로서 관리자, 이용자에게 맞춤형 케어 서비스를 제공가능하게 하는 연구이다. 이를 실현시키기 위하여 비콘기술, IoT기술, 공간정보기술, 실내위치인식기술을 개발하고 융합적용하여 다양한 서비스를 구현하고자 시도하였다.