직무특성이 개인창의성에 미치는 영향

이덕로(Deog Ro Lee),김태열(Tae Yeol Kim) 한국경영학회 2008 經營學硏究 Vol.37 No.3

Employee creativity can help organizations have competitive advantages for an organizational innovation, survival and long term success. Creativity researchers have concentrated on examining the antecedents that influence employee creativity in an organizational context. Specifically, they have found that personal characteristics (e.g., creative personality and openness) and organizational context (e.g., work environment and leadership) are associated with individual creativity. In particular, it is notable that one of the antecedents of individual creativity is job characteristics. However, less research has focused on examining how various job characteristics influence individual creativity. According to Hackman & Oldham(1980), there are five job characteristics: job autonomy, task identity, task importance, skill variety, and feedback. Researchers have found that those five job characteristics are associated with turnover intention, organizational citizenship behaviors, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. However, no research has examined how those five job characteristics influence individual creativity. In addition, creativity researchers have paid less attention to examine the underlying process by which job characteristics influence individual creativity. To address theses issue, we examined how the five job characteristics influence individual creativity, how job characteristics affect proactive behaviors, and how proactive behaviors influence individual creativity. We also directly test whether proactive behaviors can mediate the relationships between job characteristics and individual creativity. We collected data from 154 employee-supervisor pairs from research and development(R&D) departments in 14 organizations in South Korea. The employees reported on their job characteristics and proactive behaviors, while the supervisors assessed the employees`` individual creativity. To test the research hypotheses, we conducted structural equation modeling analysis using AMOS 4.0. The results show that overall the proposed research model fits to the data well based on various fix indices such as CFI, RMSEA, and GFI. Specifically, we found a positive relationship between individual creativity and the five job characteristics. In addition, the results revealed that job characteristics were significantly associated with proactive behaviors which in turn significantly influenced individual creativity. Finally, proactive behaviors fully mediated the relationship between individual creativity and job characteristics. This study has distinct implications in theory. For example, the present study can contribute to creativity research by examining the effects of various job characteristics on individual creativity. This approach has seldom been used in the literature. Second, it identified an underlying process that related job characteristics to individual creativity. Findings in this study have also some practical implications in organizations. In R&D departments, the results of this study can be adopted to enhance individual creativity by designing jobs that place significance on pertinent job dimensions (i.e., job autonomy, task identity, task importance, skill variety, and feedback). In addition, R&D departments that aim to encourage individual creativity need to provide an environment that encourages proactive employees.

산업재해에 영향을 미치는 개인의 심리적 특성

이정윤,박재연 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2019 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.9 No.4

This study aims to examine the effects of psychological characteristics of individual on industrial accidents by means of analysis of existing studies on the relationship between industrial accidents and personal psychological characteristics. In addition, it leads to implications of reducing industrial accidents and developing various programs to prevent industrial accidents tailored to individual psychological characteristics. This study shows that emotional state from individual psychological characteristics leads to unsafe behaviors of workers, which can be the cause of industrial accidents. Personality, motivation, cognition, emotion, and health are considerd the psychological characteristics of individuals which generate insecure behavior of workers. Among the individuals with psychological characteristics, the characteristics of the person experiencing the accident are: First, in the event of an accident, the people who turn the control position to the external control position have a high frequency of accidents. Second, people with high neuroticism tend to have higher numbers of accidents. Third, the higher the negative emotions, the higher the likelihood of an accident. These psychological characteristics are not sensitive to safety and are easily exposed to accidents. Many recent incidents are caused by human errors, and consciousness of safety is not only an individual but also a safety insecurity in Korean culture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological characteristics of individuals and the causes of accidents in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures for industrial accidents policy, to develop industrial accidents programs, and to endeavor to reduce industrial accidents through continuous enlightenment of public safety. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 산업재해가 지속적으로 발생하는 이유를 개인의 심리적 특성이 산업재해에 영향을 미쳐 일어난다고 보고 기존연구들을 분석하여 개인의 심리적 특성과 재해 간의 관계에 대해 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 산재발생을 감소시키기 위한 구체적인 방안을 강구하고 개인의 심리적 특성에 맞춘 다양한 산재프로그램 개발의 함의를 제공하기 위한 목적이 있다. 연구결과를 보면 개인의 심리적인 특성으로 인한 정서 상태가 근로자의 불안전한 행동으로 이어져 산업재해의 원인이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 근로자의 불안전한 행동을 야기하는 개인의 심리적 특성으로는 성격, 동기, 인지, 정서, 건강 5가지 측면이 있다. 사고를 발생시키는 사람의 특징을 구체적으로 살펴보니 첫째, 사고가 발생했을 경우에 사고발생 원인에 대한 통제 위치를 외적통제 위치로 돌리는 사람이 사고발생 빈도가 높았다. 둘째, 신경증적인 성향이 높은 사람이 사고발생 건수가 더 높았다. 셋째, 부정적 감정이 높을수록 사고를 당할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 심리적 특성은 안전에 대해 민감하지 못하여 사고노출이 쉬우며 노출된다하더라도 적당하게 넘어가기 때문에 대형사고가 발생하게 된다. 최근 발생하고 있는 수많은 크고 작은 사고들이 인재로 판명되고 있는 것을 보면 안전에 대해 민감하지 못한 의식은 개인뿐만 아니라 한국 문화 속에서의 안전에 대한 불감증이 만연되어 있는 것이 그 원인이라고 할 수 있다. 이에 산재심리 프로그램 개발, 안전 불감증에 대한 국민의 지속적인 계몽을 통한 산재감소를 하려는 노력이 필요하다.

HOW AN INDIVIDUAL’S SELF-CONSTRUALS, COSMOPOLITAN AND LOCAL ORIENTATION AFFECT THE IMPACT OF THE FOUR SELF-CONGRUITY TYPES ON BRAND ATTITUDE

Hector Gonzalez Jimenez,Fernando Fastoso,Kyoko Fukukawa 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.4

This study empirically investigates how four individual-level characteristics impact the effect of the four self-congruity types on brand attitude. A widely used practice among marketers focuses on communicating that using their brands will bring consumers closer to how they would like to see themselves, their ideal self-concept (e.g. being a slim person like the models in the ads), instead of how they actually see themselves, their actual self-concept. However, recent research shows that there is no “universality” of a superior self-congruity effect. Specifically, individual-level characteristics (e.g. self-esteem levels, product involvement levels) determine if actual or ideal self-congruity impact brand perceptions more strongly (Malär, Krohmer, Hoyer & Nyffenegger, 2011). This study extends that research by (a) considering all four self-congruity types (actual, ideal, social, and ideal social) and (b) four additional individual-level characteristics, which are valuable for segmenting consumer markets within and across countries. The four individual-level characteristics are a dominant independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, cosmopolitan orientation and local orientation. Considering these individual-level characteristics offers marketers insights on which of the four self-concept types they should try to match with their brand communications when targeting these specific consumer groups. Survey data from a non-student sample was collected in the US. After performing data cleaning procedures, 800+ usable responses were analysed with the use of PLS-SEM (Lohmöller, 1989). The measurement models demonstrate satisfactory reliability, convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, the results suggest that the data is not compromised by non-response bias and common method variance. The structural models display satisfactory predictive capabilities of the four self-congruity types on brand attitude. The findings show that as expected an individual’s dominant independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, cosmopolitan and local orientation impact which of the four self-congruity types has the strongest effect on brand attitude. For individuals with a dominant local orientation or interdependent self-construal, actual self-congruity has the strongest effect on brand attitude. For individuals with a dominant cosmopolitan orientation or independent self-construal, ideal self-congruity has the strongest effect on brand attitude. The findings of this study extend self-congruity theory by considering the effect of these four individual-level characteristics. Managerial implications are also presented.

HOW AN INDIVIDUAL’S SELF-CONSTRUALS, COSMOPOLITAN AND LOCAL ORIENTATION AFFECT THE IMPACT OF THE FOUR SELF-CONGRUITY TYPES ON BRAND ATTITUDE

Hector Gonzalez Jimenez,Fernando Fastoso,Kyoko Fukukawa 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

This study empirically investigates how four individual-level characteristics impact the effect of the four self-congruity types on brand attitude. A widely used practice among marketers focuses on communicating that using their brands will bring consumers closer to how they would like to see themselves, their ideal self-concept (e.g. being a slim person like the models in the ads), instead of how they actually see themselves, their actual self-concept. However, recent research shows that there is no “universality” of a superior self-congruity effect. Specifically, individual-level characteristics (e.g. self-esteem levels, product involvement levels) determine if actual or ideal self-congruity impact brand perceptions more strongly (Mal?r, Krohmer, Hoyer & Nyffenegger, 2011). This study extends that research by (a) considering all four self-congruity types (actual, ideal, social, and ideal social) and (b) four additional individual-level characteristics, which are valuable for segmenting consumer markets within and across countries. The four individual-level characteristics are a dominant independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, cosmopolitan orientation and local orientation. Considering these individual-level characteristics offers marketers insights on which of the four self-concept types they should try to match with their brand communications when targeting these specific consumer groups. Survey data from a non-student sample was collected in the US. After performing data cleaning procedures, 800+ usable responses were analysed with the use of PLS-SEM (Lohm?ller, 1989). The measurement models demonstrate satisfactory reliability, convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, the results suggest that the data is not compromised by non-response bias and common method variance. The structural models display satisfactory predictive capabilities of the four self-congruity types on brand attitude. The findings show that as expected an individual’s dominant independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, cosmopolitan and local orientation impact which of the four self-congruity types has the strongest effect on brand attitude. For individuals with a dominant local orientation or interdependent self-construal, actual self-congruity has the strongest effect on brand attitude. For individuals with a dominant cosmopolitan orientation or independent self-construal, ideal self-congruity has the strongest effect on brand attitude. The findings of this study extend self-congruity theory by considering the effect of these four individual-level characteristics. Managerial implications are also presented.

관광전공 대학생의 개인적 특성에 따른 창업의지·창업행동에 미치는 영향

최성기 ( Choi Seong-gi ) 한국호텔리조트학회(구 한국호텔리조트카지노산학학회) 2021 호텔리조트연구 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior and identify the effects of the individual characteristics university students majoring in tourism on both entrepreneurial intention and behavior. H1 was tested to show that risk-taking tendency and achievement-motivation, among individual characteristics, have significant effects on entrepreneurial intention, while both entrepreneurial preference and confidence have no effects on it, so H1 was partially adopted. H2 was tested to show that risk-taking tendency and achievement- motivation, among individual characteristics, have significant effects on entrepreneurial behavior, while both entrepreneurial preference and confidence have no effects on it, so H2 was partially adopted. H3 was tested to show that entrepreneurial intention has a significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior, so H3 was adopted. University students majoring in tourism do not receive adequate entrepreneurship education, as shown in their general characteristics. Above all, the education system helping them establish professional knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding start-up should be provided to reflect undergraduates' confidence on reality. In addition, it is thought to be necessary to alleviate their fear of entrepreneurial failure and develop policies for rehabilitating entrepreneurial failures. Finally, education policies should be established to develop and execute entrepreneurial education for helping them cope with the fourth industrial revolution at least in universities. The future research needs to deeply examine many environmental factors influencing both entrepreneurial intention and behavior, except for individual characteristics.

개인 인지사고특성과 직무만족 간의 영향관계에서 감정노동의 조절효과 연구

이하정 ( Hajeong Lee ),장양례 ( Yanglae Jang ) 관광경영학회 2018 관광경영연구 Vol.82 No.-

While duty-free sales service employees’ personalities are influenced by individual cognitive psychological characteristics such as serial thinking, irregular thinking, abstract thinking, and specific thinking, those cognitive characteristics are also deeply related to the level of job satisfaction regarding the general occupation and job abilities. This study analyzes how emotional labor can also be a factor that moderates the correlation between job satisfaction and individual cognitive psychological characteristics. This study shows how the group with higher abstract thinking skills has positive effect on overall job satisfaction in both the correlation between individual cognitive psychological characteristics and job satisfaction as well as emotional diversity and control of emotional imbalance. This study further suggests duty-free sales service employees to implement personality tests in the recruiting process as well as assigning tasks to employees by taking their cognitive psychological characteristics into account.

모바일 결제애플리케이션에 따른 개인적 특성, 시스템 특성, 사회적 특성이 수용의도에 미치는 영향

양천,김문홍 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.1

With the spread of mobile commence, the use of mobile service is on the increase. The mobile payment has also played an important role in the mobile service that can be used anytime and anywhere. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affecting the user’s acceptance intention of mobile payment application. The Specific of this study are as follows: First, this study is categorize the major factors from previous studies of mobile payment service in three dimension as individual characteristics, technical characteristics and social characteristics. Second, the major results of this study showed that “innovativeness” and “self-efficacy” which belong to individual characteristics, “usefulness”, “easy to use” and “security” from technical characteristics, “visibility” and “mass media” from social characteristics were all significantly influence on the acceptance of intention of mobile payment application. Such results will be used as a practical reference both to improve understanding on mobile application users and provide several insightful guidelines for strategies to apply mobile payment service. 스마트폰의 보급에 따라 모바일 결제 서비스는 급격히 확대되고 있다. 전 세계어서는 모바일 간편 결제 방식을 주목하고 있으며, 이런 새로운 전자 결제 시장과 잠재적 수익은 많은 기업들의 눈길을 끌었다. 이에 대한 연구는 기술적인 비교 외에는 많이 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 모바일 결제애플리케이션 특성 분석을 통해 모바일 결제애플리케이션 수용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 체계적으로 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서 이론연구와 탐색적인 연구의 바탕으로 모바일 결제애플리케이션 수용의도의 주요 선행요이들을 개인적 특성, 기술적 특성과 사회적 특성 3가지 차원으로 범주화하여 이런 특성은 수용의도에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 모바일 결제 애플리케이션 개인적 특성인 혁신성과 자기효능감은 수용의도에 대한 긍정적인 영향관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 기술적 특성인 유용성, 용이성과 보안성, 사회적 특성인 가시성, 매스미디어도 모두 수용의도에 대한 긍정적인 영향관계가 있는 결과로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 결과는 앞으로 모바일 결제애플리케이션 이용자에 대한 폭넓은 이해 및 관련 기업들의 대응전략 수립을 위한 실증적인 근거로 활용되기 바란다.

한국의 보건소 이용률에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석

박언아(Eun-A Park),최성용(Sung-Yong Choi) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 전국 보건기관 이용률과 보건기관 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 개인특성과 지역특성변수를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 자료는 개인특성변수 선정을 위해 2016 지역사회건강조사자료를 이용하였고, 지역특성변수는 국가통계포털과 한국환경공단의 대기환경 연보 자료를 이용하였다. 자료 분석은 독립표본 t-test, 분산분석, 다중로지스틱회귀분석을 이용하였고 보건기관 이용률에 대한 개인특성변수와 지역특성변수를 함께 분석하기 위해 다수준회귀분석을 이용하였다. 연구결과, 전체 보건기관 이용률은 25.54%이고 군, 시, 대도시 순으로 나타났다. 다수준회귀분석 결과, 고령지역, 여자, 높은 연령, 낮은 교육수준과 낮은 소득수준, 걷기 실천자, 영양표시 독해자, 우울감 경험자, 고혈압 진단을 받은 자, 건강검진을 받은 자, 필수의료서비스 미충족자, 배우자가 있는 자, 기초생활수급권자에서 보건소 이용률이 증가하였다. 반면, 스트레스 인지자, 인구 천명당 보건의료인 수가 전국 평균이상이고 보건복지예산 비중과 재정자주도, 그리고 실업율이 평균 이상으로 높은 지역에서 보건소 이용이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 중앙정부와 지자체는 지역보건의료정책 수립시 지역주민의 건강행태와 정신심리적 변수 등 개인특성 뿐 아니라 지역특성 변수들을 포괄적으로 분석하고 동시에 고려하는 것이 필요함을 시사한다. This study was conducted to identify the utilization of public health centers, as well as the individual characteristics and regional characteristics that affect their utilization based on data from the 2016 Community Health Survey, National Statistical Portal, and National Institute of Environmental Research. Independent samples t-tests, variance analysis, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for analysis. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze individual and regional characteristics. The results of hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that aged regions, women, older age individuals, respondents with lower education level and income level, walking practitioners, nutrition label readers, individuals experiencing depression, those who have received health checkups, those who are not covered by essential care, those who have spouses, and basic livelihood beneficiaries have increased use of public health centers. However, the use of public health centers decreased in stressors, and regions in which the population per 1,000, number of health care workers, health and welfare budget, fiscal independence, and unemployment rate were above the national average. As above, the central government and local governments need to analyze not only individual characteristics such as health behavior and psychological factors, but also regional characteristics, when establishing local health care policy.

The Effect of Individual’s Personal Characteristics, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy on the Adaptive Flexibility of Chinese Students in South Korea

Peng Wang(왕붕),JuSung Jun(전주성) 숭실대학교 영재교육연구소 2018 Global Creative Leader Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of the study was to investigate which variables affect the adaptive flexibility of Chinese students in South Korea. This study focuses on two research questions: (1) How do social support, self-efficacy, and individual’s personal characteristics affect the adaptive flexibility of Chinese students in South Korea? (2) Are there differences in social support, self-efficacy, and adaptive flexibility amongst China students in South Korea in accordance with differences in individual’s personal characteristics? Two hundred and five students from S University, including undergraduates, graduate students, exchange students and language students, participated in this questionnaire to measure social support, self-efficacy and adaptive flexibility scales. In order to analyze the data, multiple regression analysis, two independent samples t-test, and own-way ANOVA were conducted. The findings were as follows: First, social support and self-efficacy both affected the adaptive flexibility of Chinese students. Second, there are mean differences in social support, self-efficacy, and adaptive flexibility by gender, age, ethnicity, educational level, and TOPIK level. 이 연구의 목적은 한국 대학에 재학중인 중국 유학생들의 적응유연성에 영향을 미치는 변인을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위한 연구문제로는 첫째, 사회적지지, 자기 효능감 및 개인 특성이 중국 유학생들의 적응유연성에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 성별, 연령, 민족, 교육 수준 및 TOPIK 수준에 따라 중국 유학생의 사회적지지, 자기효능감 및 적응유연성에 차이가 있는가? 등이다. 연구자료는 서울 소재 S 대학에 재학중인 중국인 학부생, 대학원생, 교환학생 및 언어연수생 205명으로부터 얻었다. 연구자료 분석은 상관 분석, 다중회귀분석, 두 독립집단 t-test와 일원 분산분석을 이용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적 지지와 자기효능감 은 중국 유학생의 적응유연성에 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 사회적 지원, 자기 효능감은 적응유연성이 성별, 나이, 민족, 교육 과정, 그리고 TOPIK 수준에 따라 차이가 있었다.

개인주의-집단주의 성향이 조직몰입과 혁신행동에 미치는 영향

양회창(Hoe-Chang Yang),김찬형(Chan-Hyoung Kim),조희영(Hee-Young Cho) 피터드러커 소사이어티 2020 창조와 혁신 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 조직 구성원들의 성향과 인지하는 고용관계특성이 조직발전을 위한 몰입 정도와 혁신행동에 미치는 영향을 확인함으로써 기업차원에서 필요한 인재 획득을 위한 정보를 제공하고 구성원들을 지원할 수 있는 방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 구성원의 가치성향을 개인주의와 집단주의로 구분하고 고용관계특성과 조직몰입 및 혁신행동 간에 구조화된 연구모형을 설정하였다. e-mail을 통해 회사원 141명의 유효응답을 획득하고, 회귀분석, 다중회귀분석 및 3단계 매개회귀분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. 분석결과 구성원들의 개인주의-집단주의 성향은 각각 고용관계특성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 구성원들의 집단주의 성향이 고용관계특성에 더 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편 고용관계특성은 구성원들의 성향과 조직몰입, 혁신행동 각각의 관계에서 모두 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 기업은 구성원들이 우리라는 개념을 획득할 수 있도록 정보 공유와 참여가 가능한 시스템을 구축하여야 하며 구성원들이 긍정적인 고용관계특성을 인지할 수 있도록 다양한 지원활동을 수행함으로써 조직몰입과 혁신행동을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to find the direction to provide information and acquire the necessary talents at the corporate level by identifying the tendency of the members of the organization and the characteristics of perceived employment relationships on the level of commitment and innovation behavior for organizational development. To this end, in this study, the value inclination of members was divided into individualism and collectivism, and a structured research model was established between the sub-factors of employment relationship characteristics and organizational commitment and innovation behavior. A total of 141 effective questionnaire were obtained through e-mail, and the hypothesis was verified using regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, and 3-step regression analysis. As a result of analysis, it was confirmed that the value inclination of each member had a positive effect on the characteristics of the employment relationship. In particular, it was found that the tendency of the collectivism of the members had a more positive effect on the characteristics of the employment relationship. On the other hand, the characteristics of employment relations were found to have a mediating effect in each relationship between members tendency and organizational commitment, innovation behavior, respectively. Therefore, companies should build a system that allows information sharing and participation so that members can acquire the concept of “we”. In addition, it is necessary to improve organizational commitment and innovation through various education and support activities so that employees can recognize the positive characteristics of employment relations.