Exploring the Relationship between Linguistic and Cultural Distance

Peng Wang(왕붕),Yong-Feng Zhang(장영봉),Jong-Wook Kwon(권종욱) 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2021 경영경제연구 Vol.43 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 언어적거리와 문화가치관 차이의 관계를 분석하여 언어적 거리가 문화가치관을 대체하여 사용 가능한지를 분석해보는 것이다. 기존 연구에서 문화가치관 차이는 홉스테드 모형을 활용하고 있지만 IBM이라는 단일 기업측정과 이론적 기반이 부족하다는 점을 지적하고 있다. 또한 대규모 국가간 가치관 차이 분석은 비용이 많이 들고 비교 경영론적 방법론도 까다롭다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 West & Graham (2004)의 연구를 기초로 몇 가지 차별적인 노력을 추가하였다. 조사 대상 국가를 95개 국가로 확대하였다. 또한 기존 연구를 조사하여 언어거리를 측정하는 다양한 측정방법을 본 연구에 적용시켜 보았다. 언어거리를 측정하는 기준 언어에 따라 결과가 달라질 수도 있다, 따라서 영어 외에도 독일어, 네덜란드어, 아랍어, 중국어 일본어를 기준으로 언어별 거리를 측정하여 추가 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 언어적거리가 문화가치관 차이를 반영해주는 적절한 대리변수가 될 수 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 후속연구에서 언어거리의 활용성을 높여주었고 해외진출 다국적기업에게 의미이는 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between linguistic distance and the difference in cultural values, so as to explore whether linguistic distance can be used as a substitute for cultural values. In the previous study, the difference in cultural values is using the Hofstede model, but it is pointed out that there is insufficient theoretical background and data from only single enterprise. In addition, analysis of large-scale multinational values differences between countries is expensive and the comparative management methodology is also difficult. Under this context, this study extended West & Graham (2004)’s work. The surveyed countries were expanded to 95 countries. In addition, various measurement methods for measuring linguistic distance were applied to this study. Meanwhile, additional analysis was conducted by measuring the distance including German, Dutch, Arabic, Chinese and Japanese besides English. Research results have indicated that linguistic distance can be a proxy variable that reflecting differences in cultural values. Therefore, it has improved the utility of language distance in subsequent studies so that providing meaningful basic data for multinational enterprises expanding overseas.

중국 중소제조기업의 환경지향성과 기업성과간의 관계에서 친환경공급사슬관리와 환경기술혁신의 매개 효과에 관한 연구

왕붕 ( Wang Peng ),김문홍 ( Moon-hong Kim ) 한국유통경영학회(구 한국유통정보학회) 2018 유통경영학회지 Vol.21 No.5

본 연구는 환경지향성의 개념을 도입하여 중국 중소제조기업의 환경지향성과 기업성과간의 관계에서 친환경공급사슬관리와 환경기술혁신의 매개효과에 대하여 분석하였다. 이와 함께 본 연구의 범위는 중국의 산동성에 위치한 중소제조기업 위주로 414개 기업을 직접 방문하여 조사하였고 이상치가 있는 것으로 판단되는 기업의 자료는 제외하였다. 응답기업 중에서 최종적으로 379개의 응답을 실증분석에서 사용하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 통해 가설검증을 실시하여 다음과 같은 연구결과가 도출되었다. 환경지향성과 기업성과간의 관계에 대한 분석에서는 환경지향성이 친환경공급사슬관리와 환경기술혁신에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 환경지향성은 환경성과와 경영성과에도 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 친환경공급사슬관리 및 환경기술혁신은 환경성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 친환경공급사슬관리는 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으나 환경기술혁신은 경영성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 매개효과분석에서는 친환경공급사슬관리와 환경기술혁신은 환경지향성이 환경성과에 미치는 영향경로에서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 환경지향성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향경로에서 친환경공급사슬관리와 환경기술혁신은 매개효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. This study analyzed the mediating effects of green supply chain management and environmental technology innovation in the relationship between environmental orientation and corporate performance of Chinese small and medium - sized manufacturing enterprises by introducing the concept of environment orientation. The scope of this study was made by visiting 414 small and medium manufacturing enterprises mainly located in Shandong province, China. Companies which are judged with abnormal values are exclude by the sources. Finally, 379 responses among the respondents were selected for the empirical analysis. The results of the hypothesis testing were obtained through the structural equation model. Environmental orientation positively affects green supply chain management implementation and environmental technology innovation. Also, environmental orientation directly affects environmental performance and management performance. The implementation of green supply chain management and environmental technology innovation has a positive effect on environmental performance. The implementation of green supply chain management has a positive effect on business performance. In addition, the results of the mediating effect analysis showed that the implementation of green supply chain management and environmental technology innovation had a mediating effect on the tendency of environmental orientation toward environmental performance. The effect of environmental orientation on business performance was found to have no mediating effect on green supply chain management implementation and environmental technology innovation.

연구논문 : 베트남에 진출하는 한국 기업의 입지결정요인 변화에 관한 연구

왕붕 ( Peng Wang ),박준호 ( Jun Ho Park ),강명구 ( Myoung Gu Kang ) 한국지역개발학회 2015 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

This study examined the characteristics of Korean firms’ location choice in Vietnam. The spatial pattern of Korean firms’ location in Vietnam began at the Hanoi and Ho Chi Min, the major cities in Vietnam. The geographic distribution of Korean firms’ location expanded until 2000, but it shrank back to the top two major cities. Vietnam``s socio-economic conditions change with economic growth and globalization and Korean firms’ structural change with globalization and ICT technology have changed Korean firms’ location pattern over the last two decades. Low cost was highly important factor at the beginning, but agglomeration externalities became important factor now a days. Before 2000 Vienam’s major locational advantage was viewed as a good consumer market and low-cost labor-intensive manufacturing site. After 2000, as global economy bounce back from Asia financial crises, Vietnam’s agglomeration economy started to play an important role to attract foreign investment. Hanoi has an advantage in low labor costs and abundant labor; Ho Chi Minh has an advantage in agglomeration of FDI and infrastructure improvement. Korean firms tend to cluster around Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh more than before. This trend is expected to continue for the time being as firms can benefit from the agglomeration externalities.

The Effect of Individual’s Personal Characteristics, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy on the Adaptive Flexibility of Chinese Students in South Korea

Peng Wang(왕붕),JuSung Jun(전주성) 숭실대학교 영재교육연구소 2018 Global Creative Leader Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of the study was to investigate which variables affect the adaptive flexibility of Chinese students in South Korea. This study focuses on two research questions: (1) How do social support, self-efficacy, and individual’s personal characteristics affect the adaptive flexibility of Chinese students in South Korea? (2) Are there differences in social support, self-efficacy, and adaptive flexibility amongst China students in South Korea in accordance with differences in individual’s personal characteristics? Two hundred and five students from S University, including undergraduates, graduate students, exchange students and language students, participated in this questionnaire to measure social support, self-efficacy and adaptive flexibility scales. In order to analyze the data, multiple regression analysis, two independent samples t-test, and own-way ANOVA were conducted. The findings were as follows: First, social support and self-efficacy both affected the adaptive flexibility of Chinese students. Second, there are mean differences in social support, self-efficacy, and adaptive flexibility by gender, age, ethnicity, educational level, and TOPIK level. 이 연구의 목적은 한국 대학에 재학중인 중국 유학생들의 적응유연성에 영향을 미치는 변인을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위한 연구문제로는 첫째, 사회적지지, 자기 효능감 및 개인 특성이 중국 유학생들의 적응유연성에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 성별, 연령, 민족, 교육 수준 및 TOPIK 수준에 따라 중국 유학생의 사회적지지, 자기효능감 및 적응유연성에 차이가 있는가? 등이다. 연구자료는 서울 소재 S 대학에 재학중인 중국인 학부생, 대학원생, 교환학생 및 언어연수생 205명으로부터 얻었다. 연구자료 분석은 상관 분석, 다중회귀분석, 두 독립집단 t-test와 일원 분산분석을 이용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적 지지와 자기효능감 은 중국 유학생의 적응유연성에 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 사회적 지원, 자기 효능감은 적응유연성이 성별, 나이, 민족, 교육 과정, 그리고 TOPIK 수준에 따라 차이가 있었다.

Power Distance in Hofstede and GLOBE

Peng Wang(왕붕),XiaoQi Wang(왕효기),Jing Xu(서경),Jong-Wook Kwon(권종욱) 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2019 경영경제연구 Vol.41 No.4

본 논문의 목적은 Hofstede와 GLOBE의 권력거리 문화차원의 유사점과 차이점을 분석해보는 것이다. Hofstede와 GLOBE의 권력거리 문화차원은 동일한 문화차원으로 알려져 있지만 측정방법, 측정문항 등이 상이하여 이 두 가지 차원이 동일한 것을 간주해야 하는지 아니면 상이한 것인지 혼란스러운 상황이다. 따라서 Hofstede와 GLOBE의 권력거리 문화차원을 개념, 정의, 구조 차원에서 분석하였다. 분석결과 이 두 가지 차원은 유사성도 있지만 상이성도 있음을 발견하였다. 따라서 연구자들은 결과변수에 따라서 적절하게 선택해서 사용할 필요성이 있음을 확인하였다. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the similarities and differences between Hofstede’s and GLOBE’s Power Distances using theoretical and empirical analyses. The Hofstede PDI (Power Distance Index) and the GLOBE PD (Power Distance) are analyzed in terms of their concepts, definitions, structures and validity. Next, the relationship between the Hofstede PDI and GLOBE PD is empirically studied. We find that the Hofstede PDI and GLOBE PD are different in their measurements of the cultural dimension. However, the Hofstede PDI and GLOBE PDP (Power Distance Practices) have certain similarities when comparing external variables, while the GLOBE PDV (Power Distance Values) does not. The limitation is that our research data are based on secondary data from Hofstede and GLOBE. The data sources will correspondingly limit the research. Therefore, researchers should carefully select the Hofstede or GLOBE scores that are most suitable for their own research according to the true meaning and purpose of their research, which will allow researchers to more clearly, more accurately and more logically explain national cultures

論過失犯中的違法性

박종근 ( Piao Zong Gen ),왕붕 ( Wang Peng ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2015 한남법학연구 Vol.3 No.-

依据大陸法系傳統的刑法學理論,因爲過失和故意幷排而成爲責任形式,所以應在責任論上探討過失,而違法性上則不應考慮過失。面對舊過失理論把注意義務看作是責任形式所造成的體系上混亂,刑法學者提出了新過失理論以及以目的行爲論爲基礎的構成要件要素說。筆者認爲都有欠缺之處,事實上過失具有雙重机能,旣是構成要件要素又是責任要素,而且在評价內容上也是不同。幷且,具備構成要件符合性的過失行爲可以成立違法性阻却事由。但是與故意犯相比,過失犯所具有的不法內容應當小于故意犯。在缺乏法益侵害的認識和意志的過失犯中,不能爲了單純地抵消違反客觀注意義務的行爲反价値,而提出過高的主觀上要求。在與中國刑法體系具體相對照時,雖然依据刑法第13條能勾解決過失犯的違法性阻却事由的問題,但是缺少必要的法理依据。大陸法系違法性理論,對中國的過失犯和排除社會危害性理論建設而言,也有積極的借鑒作用。 Based on the traditional criminal law theory of law system, since negligent and intentional crime are considered to be the liability form in parallel, The negligent crime should be discussed on the level of liability theory, and should not be taken into account in illegality. Coping with the confusing of system caused by the old theory of negligence which takes duty of care as liability form, scholars in criminal law have proposed a new theory of negligence as well as the theory of constitutive elements of crime based on the purpose of behavior. I believe that there are defects in both cases. In fact, the negligence has a dual function, it is not only the element of crime, but also the factor of liability. Both are different in terms of the evaluation content. Besides, negligent act with compliant constitutive elements of crime is ground for elimination of illegality. However, compared with an intentional crime, negligent crime has less illegal content. To the negligent criminal who is lack of cognition and will of violating legal interests, one should not to simply offset the breach of duty of care act objectively anti-value, and request too much subjectively. In contrast particularly to Chinese criminal justice system, although it could solve ground for elimination of illegality of negligent criminal according to criminal law article 13, the theory of criminal law of Chinese criminal justice system have a positive reference effect on the theory construction of negligent criminal and exclusion from social harmfulness.

대(對) 중국 진출 한국기업의 입지 결정 요인의 변화 및 특성에 관한 연구

박준호(Park, Jun-Ho),왕붕(Wang, Peng),강명구(Kang, Myoung-Gu) 한국지역개발학회 2016 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

In recent years, In China"s Korean companies were often appear poor management, withdraw from the Chinese market phenomenon, the unreasonable of business location is a major cause of this phenomenon. Thus, in this study, the present Korean companies to enter the Chinese market"s highest proportion of Shanghai as the research object, use of 1992 to 2012 the 21-year time series of panel data, using a random-effects model for Korean companies stationed in Shanghai location Determinants We were analyzed. Setting aspect of variables, will be stationed in Shanghai, the number of Korean companies to set as the dependent variable. The production volume in each industry, GDP growth rate, the number of Chinese enterprises of various industries, each industry wages, the number of practitioners in various industries, investment in fixed assets, the number of patents, the tax rate is set as explanatory variables. The results showed that the volume of industrial production, GDP growth rate, the number of enterprises of various industries, each industry wages, fixed assets investment were affect Korean company"s Location Choice. From the time series, in the early stages, the Korean company"s Location Choice factors were practitioners of various industries and fixed assets investments. But over time, the number of enterprises of various industries and the number of patents for Korean companies located in Shanghai has played a decisive impact. Another of the study found that, although Industrial production and GDP growth of Korean company"s location Choice, but for different sectors of Korean companies, determine their location factor is different. The research"s results show that Korea enterprises stationed in China in the early stages, most companies attach more importance to China"s abundant and cheap labor. But as time goes on, between Korean companies gradually formed own network and the emergence of the same kind of industry and agglomeration related industries. In the gathering cluster economic, coupled with the characteristics of each industry, location factors affecting these enterprises is a discrepancy.

중국 선전 경제특구 성공에 있어 `연결도시`로서 홍콩의 역할

박민규(Park, Min-Kyu),왕붕(Wang, Peng),강명구(Kang, Myounggu) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2015 國土計劃 Vol.50 No.1

Is National Culture an Appropriate Unit of Analysis in Cross-Cultural Research?

Yongfeng Zhang(장영봉),Jongwook Kwon(권종욱),Yan Zhou(주암),Peng Wang(왕붕) 연세대학교 경영연구소 2021 연세경영연구 Vol.58 No.3

본 연구는 다문화 연구 분야에서 논란이 되고 있는 구체적인 연구문제를 해결하는 것이 목적이다. 다문화 연구에 있어서 연구의 분석단위가 국가인지 아니면 한 국가내의 지역인지가 논쟁이 되고 있다. 수십 년 동안 다양한 분야의 연구자들이 이러한 이론적 논쟁에 매달려 오고 있다. 본 연구는 Minkov and Hofstede(2012)의 연구 방법과 세계 가치 조사(World Values Survey)의 최신 데이터를 활용하여 비교문화 연구에서 분석의 단위가 국가가 바람직한지 아니면 지역단위가 바람직한지를 검증해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 슈와르츠 가치관 값을 활용하여 5개 그룹, 19개국 239개 지역의 문화적 가치 차이를 분석한다. 5개 그룹은 아시아, 라틴 아메리카, 동유럽, 아랍 세계, 그리고 영국이 포함된다. 분석결과 국가간 문화차이보다 국가 내 문화적 차이가 큰 경우도 있고(중국·페루·러시아 등) 작은 경우(미국·요르단 등)도 발견되었다. 하지만 전체적으로 국가간 차이보다 지역간 차이가 작아서 비교문화 연구에서 연구의 분석단위는 한 국가 내 지역보다는 국가단위가 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시간이 지날수록 국가 클러스터가 모이는 패턴이 달라진다는 사실도 발견했다. 본 연구는 비교문화 연구에서 논쟁이 되고 있는 국가 및 지역 단위의 분석단위 적합성에 대한 이론적 기반을 제공하고 다국적 기업들 간의 시장 전략 수립에 유용할 정보를 제공한다. The purpose of this paper is to address a specific controversial issue in the cross-cultural field: in cross-cultural studies, regarding whether the country or the region should be used as the unit of analysis. Cross-cultural similarities and differences play an important role in many areas of life. Researchers from various fields have been actively dealing with this topic for decades. Based on the research methods of Minkov and Hofstede (2012), and using the latest data from the World Values Survey, based on the Schwartz values, this study analyzes the differences in cultural values among 239 regions of 19 countries taken from five groups: Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Arab World, and Anglo countries. By analyzing the aggregation of homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters, this paper examines the judgment basis for and use of analytical units in cross-cultural research. The results show that cultural differences within some countries can be larger (e.g, China, Peru, Russia, etc.) or smaller (e.g, United States, Jordan, etc.) than differences among countries. We have also found a pattern of national cluster aggregation will be changed over time. This research provides a reference basis for effectively distinguishing the types of differences in national and regional values and provides theoretical information that will be useful in the formulation of market strategies among multinational companies.