혼을 장착한 라우드 스피커 제작연구

박상미(Park, Sang Mi) 한국조형디자인학회 2017 조형디자인연구 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구는 라우드 스피커(loudspeaker) 제작연구로 사물의 조형요소가 기능적인 단점을 보완함과 동시에 사용자와의 교감을 높이는 수단으로 작용하는 디자인의 예를 제시하는 데에 목적을 두었다. 연구 작품의 제작을 위해 스피커의 구조와 기능에 대한 이론연구가 이루어졌고 스피커의 출력과 저음재생 기능을 보강하기 위해 인클로저(enclosure) 전면에 혼(horn)을 장착하는 방법으로 연구를 진행하였다. 혼에 대한 이론연구를 통해 스피커에 혼을 장착하였을 때에 출력을 보강하고 저음역대를 강화하는 기능을 한다는 점에서 연구방법의 타당성을 입증하였으며 혼의 형태에 따라 달라지는 음향특성을 고려해 작품에 사용할 혼의 형태를 설정하였다. 시지각과 인지심리학 이론연 구를 바탕으로 작품 디자인이 이루어졌으며 혼의 형태적 특징이 인간의 암묵기억을 자극하여 소리가 보다 풍성하게 재생될 것 같은 착각을 일으킬 것으로 예측할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 착각과 더불어 감상자의 오케스트라(orchestra) 연주에 대한 심상을 떠올리게 하는 수단으로 인클로저를 입술의 형태로 디자인하고 전면에 다양한 형태와 크기의 혼들을 장착하여 금관악기를 연주하는 이미 지를 추상적으로 표현하였다. 금관악기연주를 추상화한 스피커 시스템의 이미지는 연상 작용에 의해, 감상자의 기억 속 오케스트라 연주에 대한 심상을 끌어내고 청각과의 상호작용으로 소리와의 교감도를 배가시킬 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 물리적 기능을 보완하기 위해 사용 된사물의 구성요소를 디자인의 조형요소로 활용함으로써 인간의 시지각 과정으로 다른 감각에 영향을 주어 사물의 디자인이 심미적 욕구충족 그 이상의 의미와 기능을 가진다는 결과를 도출 할 수있었다. 본 연구가 스피커와 같이 감각자극을 위한 사물의 디자인에 참고가 되길 바란다. This study is to make a loud speaker and present design samples that serves as a means to promote communion with users while also resolving functional issues in terms of formative elements. A theoretical study was conducted on the speaker system to make the relevant speaker and installed horns on the front of the enclosure to reinforce the speaker’s output and low pitch sounds. The validity of the research method was verified by a theoretical study on the physical functions of horns on a sound system and the work was designed based on theories about visual perception and cognitive process. With theories about implicit memory and association of cognitive psychology, it could be assumed that the visual characteristics of a horn can create an illusion that it can make rich sounds with the implicit memory of humans. Speaker enclosure is designed as forms of lips and installed horns in various shapes and sizes on the front of the enclosure to conjure up the image of orchestral performance in user’s memory. The image of the speaker that abstractly portrays the playing of a brass instrument resembles an orchestral performance, bringing back certain imagery from the user’s memory with an interaction of sight and hearing; thereby increasing communion with sound. This study came up with the result that by applying components of an object as its formative elements, it affects different senses with the process of the user’s visual perception, thereby obtaining more significance and function beyond satisfaction of aesthetic needs. The results are anticipated to be used as a reference for designing objects for sensory stimulation such as speakers.

혼 입구에서의 음향 리액턴스에 근거한 자동차용 트럼펫 혼의 설계 연구

이준수,김웅지,김대현,유동욱,문원규 한국음향학회 2024 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

A car horn serves a crucial safety role as a means of communication between drivers and a part that alerts pedestrians in advance. While previous studies have utilized finite element method and electric circuit model to simulate and analyze characteristics of the car horns, there remains a lack of research on design methods of a trumpet horn. This paper presents a design approach that predicts the operating frequency based on the acoustic reactance at the throat of the horn, once the vibrating part is determined. We deal with a horn combining both an exponential horn and a waveguide in the acoustic section, and confirm that the acoustic reactance at the horn throat measured by impedance tube experiment agrees well compared with the numerical result obtained using the finite element method. The resonance frequency of the car horn is predicted using the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element numerical analysis model, and the proposed design method is validated by measuring the operating frequency of the designed horn in a sound pressure experiment. As a result, the resonance measured in a semi-anechoic chamber environment by applying a DC voltage of 12 [V] excluding the holder occurs accurately within a few [Hz] of the design operating frequency. This paper discuss the design method of a trumpet horn from the perspective of the horn’s acoustic reactance, and is expected to be useful for designing horn systems.

초음파 금속 용착용 40kHz 혼의 설계와 용착성 평가

장호수(Ho Su Jang),박우열(Woo Yeol Park),박동삼(Dong Sam Park) 한국기계가공학회 2013 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The horn is a key part of the ultrasonic welder. As the shape, mass and material of a horn have effects on the resonant frequency and the vibration mode in ultrasonic welding, a horn has to be designed and manufactured accurately. In this study, 40kHz band horn was designed and manufactured through the vibration mode and finite element analysis. A result of modal analysis showed that the natural frequency of the horn was 39,794Hz, and the frequency response by a harmonic response analysis was 39,800Hz - close to the intended frequency, 40kHz. In addition, weldability of the developed horn was estimated by welding of two Ni sheets and tensile-shear test of welded samples. It was shown the developed horn could be used in metal sheet welding.

초음파 센서의 혼 가이드에 의한 음향 수신 특성

선상옥,김진오 한국소음진동공학회 2018 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.28 No.6

This study addresses the acoustic reception characteristics of a horn guide applied to an ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement. In order to design a horn guide to improve the acoustic directivity of ultrasonic sensors for both transmission and reception, identifying the reception performance as well as the transmission directivity of the ultrasound is necessary. The purpose of this study was to find the horn guide angle maximizing the ultrasonic reception performance by comparing it according to the angle of the cone-shaped horn guide. Acoustic finite element analysis was performed to identify the ultrasonic reception performance depending on the horn guide angle. For the horn guide with a cone shape, acoustic analysis was performed after modeling horns of various angles in the range from 0° to 40° of the wall angle of the horn. Horn guides made using a 3D printer were attached to an ultrasonic sensor to measure the received sound pressure. From the experimental results, the validity of the finite element analysis results was verified. Analysis and experiment consistently showed that the maximum reception was observed at horn angles in the range from 20° to 25°.

초음파 금속용접 시 용접강도와 진폭균일도 향상을 위한 반파장 혼의 진동해석과 형상설계

서지원(Ji-Won Seo),서정석(Jeong-suk Seo),박동삼(Dong-Sam Park) 한국기계가공학회 2023 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Ultrasonic metal welding is used to join metallic materials using an ultrasonic horn. When welding the terminal of a secondary battery with multilayered thin plates, a large area is required for the horn and tip owing to the wide welding area. Accordingly, the vibration amplitude is not structurally uniform. This causes non-uniformity in the welding strength, which deteriorates the welding quality. In this study, we attempt to improve the shape of an existing horn to enhance the amplitude uniformity of tips in a half-wavelength ultrasonic welding horn with a large-area tip. Through modal analysis, the resonance frequency of the horn and the vibration amplitude at five tip positions are obtained analytically. The amplitude uniformities of the modified and existing horns are compared and verified using a laser displacement sensor. Based on actual measurements of the amplitudes at five positions, the maximum deviations of the amplitudes of the existing and modified horn are 2.7 and 0.2 μm, respectively, and the standard deviations of the amplitudes are 1.005 and 0.075 μm, respectively, indicating that the amplitude uniformity of the modified horn improved significantly.

20kHz 초음파 커팅용 혼의 설계 개선과 성능평가

서정석(Jeong Seok Seo),이윤정(Yoon Jeong Lee),김진욱(Jin Wook Kim),박동삼(Dong Sam Park) 한국기계가공학회 2013 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.12 No.5

Ultrasonic cutting is a kind of eco-technique and cost-effective technique to be used for cutting of various materials such as baked product, fresh/frozen food, rubber, textile, wood, bone, etc. The performance of ultrasonic cutting is affected by design of cutting horn and cutting conditions. Specially the design of horn to resonate at the longitudinal direction is most important. To analyze the problems from which cracking and noise are often generated with conventional cutting horn, FEA is carried out, and then improved cutting horn which can reduce maximum stress and stress concentration is designed. Vibration characteristics, resonant frequency, gain, and amplitude uniformity of the cutting horn designed optimally are evaluated through FFT analysis and compared with those of conventional cutting horn.

Horn의 음향 모델링 연구

사종성(Jong Sung Sa),박석태(Seok-Tae Park) 한국소음진동공학회 2014 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.24 No.7

In this paper, horn loudspeaker modeling was suggested, investigated and verified through comparison of test results and simulation ones based on input electrical impedance curves and acoustic sensitivity ones. First, Thiele Small parameters of horn driver were identified by using pseudo loudspeaker model concept and verified in case of both closed and open horndriver. Second, cone-shaped horn models were investigated and compared with input acoustic impedance curves for real horn(cone angle 6.6˚) and short horn(cone angle 27.9˚). It showed that Leach model for cone horn was well described to test results, which were electrical impedance and acoustic sensitivity, compared to Lemaitre one. To represent horn system model good approximation in wide frequency range, mass correction filter and lowpass filter were adopted and consequently showed good fitted to test results.

플립칩 접합용 초음파 혼의 진동 최적설계

하창용(Chang yong Ha),이수일(Soo Il Lee) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.4

초음파 접합은 전자 패키징을 위해 기계적인 혼의 초음파 진동을 이용하는 기술이다. 플립칩 접합에 쓰이는 초음파 혼은 높은 출력을 내고 하중에 대한 저항이 크며 진동 모드와 주파수가 초음파 접합 공정의 접합 성능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 이번 논문에서는 위상최적화 기법을 사용하여 초음파 혼의 새로운 형상을 설계하였으며 FEA를 통해 그 성능을 검증하였다. Ultrasonic bonding is a technology using ultrasonic vibration of the mechanical horn for the electronic packaging. The ultrasonic horn for flip-chip bonding have high power and load resistance and its vibration mode and frequency are great effects on the bonding capability of the ultrasonic bonding system. In this research, new geometric shape of the ultrasonic horn is determined using topology optimization technique and the performance of the horn is verified using finite elelement analysis.

초음파 금속 용착용 혼의 진동해석 및 형상설계에 관한 연구

김은미(E.M.Kim),장호수(H.S.Jang),김선아(S.A.Kim),서정석(J.S.Seo),박동삼(D.S.Park) (사)한국CDE학회 2010 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.1

Ultrasonic energy that is the high-frequency vibration above 20kHz is used in various processing fields such as plastic welding, metal welding, grilling and etc. A ultrasonic metal welding machine consist of a power supply that converts 50~60Hz electric power into 20kHz~40kHz electrical energy, a booster which decreases or amplifies the amplitude from the transducer, a horn which welds workpieces by transmitting vibration energy. The transducer, booster, horn have to be designed and manufactured accurately, because measurements such as the shape, length, mass and etc. have effects on the resonant frequency and the vibration mode. In this study, we calculated and analyzed the natural frequency to find the optimal design of the horn by the modal analysis and harmonic analysis using Ansys.

『혼 왕』에 나타난 지형의 공간적 상징성

손병용 현대영미어문학회 2018 현대영미어문학 Vol.36 No.4

In this study, I’d like to explore the spatial symbolism of the geography-land, sea, and coastline in the earliest English medieval romance, King Horn. The geographical settings in this romance have not been considered so heavily by scholars, but I think they have significant meanings. The geography in this work serves to compose the plot of romance as genre, helps Horn attain private maturity and public status, implies circumstances of those days, and includes desire to make order. Land is the Christian realm where good kings rule. Sea is the place where pagans lurk. The coastline, where land and sea meet, is the place where these two meet and clash. The coastline, where the two extremes meet, is the place of opportunity because Horn can demonstrate his prowess as an ideal knight by defeating pagan enemies and regain his birthright as a successor to the throne. Therefore, the coastline is the place of reconstruction for Horn. I think that the geography in this romance has a symbolic meaning of circular narrative of medieval romance which tells the reader that everything is restored to its proper place. .