Analgesic anti-inflammatory anti-pyretic activities of Garcinia hydroxybiflavanonol (GB1) from Garcinia kola

Nwaehujor, Chinaka O.,Udegbunam, Rita I.,Ode, Julius O.,Udegbunam, Sunday O. 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic effects of GB1, a hydroxybiflavanonol of Garcinia kola. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail withdrawal tests. Its anti-inflammatory effect was studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis tests. Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia test was used to evaluate the anti-pyretic effect of GB1. GB1 reduced writhing induced by 0.6 % acetic acid. The number of writhing in 40- and 80-mg/kg GB1-treated groups were significantly lower than writhing in mice treated with distilled water. After 15-min latency period following oral GB1 (40 and 80 mg/kg), there was significant increase in tail withdrawal time compared to control rats. The tail withdrawal time at 30, 45, and 60 min were significantly prolonged in GB1 (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) treated mice. GB1 (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) groups had significantly lower paw volumes at 2 and 3 h post carrageenan injection. Also paw volume were significantly lower in GB1 (40 and 80 mg/kg) groups at 18 h post arthritis induction. By day 30 paw volumes of all GB1 groups were significantly lower than paw volume of control group. Rectal temperatures of GB1 (80 mg/kg)-treated group were significantly lower at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h post brewer's yeast injection compared to rectal temperatures of control and 20-mg/kg GB1 groups. These finding shows that GB1 may serve as an alternative to NSAIDs in clinical practice.

足少陽膽經 正格 刺鍼이 白鼠의 腦血流力學 變動에 미치는 영향

신정철,조명래 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.30 No.3

object : The purpose of this report is to examine the effect of BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture for cerebral apoplexy treatment. methods : I designed to investigate whether BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics〔regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)〕in normal rats, and to make manifest whether BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF). Results : 1. BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture increased rCBF significantly, but decreased MABP. These results suggest that BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter(PAD). 2. By pretreatment with indomethacin(1 ㎎/㎏, i.p.), the effect of BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture induced increase of rCBF was significantly inhibited, the decreased MABP by treatment with BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture was increased. 3. By pretreatment with methylene blue(10 ㎍/㎏, i.p.), the increased rCBF by treatment with BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture was decreased conversely, the decreased MABP by treatment with BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture was decreased and then increased. Conclusion : I suggest that BL66․GB43 supplement and LI1․GB44 draining in acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics. 동신대학교 한의과대학 침구학교실

족소양담경(足少陽膽經) 정격(正格) 척침(刺鍼)이 백서(白鼠)의 뇌혈류력학(腦血流力學) 변동(變動)에 미치는 영향

신정철,조명래,Shin, Jeong-Cheol,Cho, Myoung-Rae 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this report is to examine the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LIl ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture for cerebral apoplexy treatment. Methods : I designed to investigate whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats, and to make manifest whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF). Results : 1. $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LI1 ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased rCBF significantly, but decreased MABP. These results suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter(PAD). 2. By pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture induced increase of rCBF was significantly inhibited, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was increased. 3. By pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}/kg$, i.p.), the increased rCBF by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased conversely, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased. and then increased. Conclusion : I suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_43$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

Analgesic anti-inflammatory anti-pyretic activities of Garcinia hydroxybiflavanonol (GB1) from Garcinia kola

Chinaka O. Nwaehujor,Rita I. Udegbunam,Julius O. Ode,Sunday O. Udegbunam 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate theanalgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic effects ofGB1, a hydroxybiflavanonol of Garcinia kola. The analgesiceffect was studied using acetic acid-induced writhingand tail withdrawal tests. Its anti-inflammatory effect wasstudied using carrageenan-induced paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis tests. Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexiatest was used to evaluate the anti-pyretic effect of GB1. GB1 reduced writhing induced by 0.6 % acetic acid. Thenumber of writhing in 40- and 80-mg/kg GB1-treatedgroups were significantly lower than writhing in micetreated with distilled water. After 15-min latency periodfollowing oral GB1 (40 and 80 mg/kg), there was significantincrease in tail withdrawal time compared to controlrats. The tail withdrawal time at 30, 45, and 60 min weresignificantly prolonged in GB1 (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg)treated mice. GB1 (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) groups hadsignificantly lower paw volumes at 2 and 3 h post carrageenaninjection. Also paw volume were significantlylower in GB1 (40 and 80 mg/kg) groups at 18 h postarthritis induction. By day 30 paw volumes of all GB1groups were significantly lower than paw volume of controlgroup. Rectal temperatures of GB1 (80 mg/kg)-treatedgroup were significantly lower at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h postbrewer’s yeast injection compared to rectal temperatures ofcontrol and 20-mg/kg GB1 groups. These finding showsthat GB1 may serve as an alternative to NSAIDs in clinicalpractice.

협계혈(GB43) 자침시 침시술 방법에 따른 SQUID MEG 신호의 변화 관찰

전용석,장경선,김진근,최찬헌,Jeon Yong Srok,Jang Kyeong Seon,Kim Jin geun,Choi Chan Hun 대한동의생리학회 2005 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Using the 2-channel DROS SQUID (Korea Research Institute of Standards of Science, 1999), the present study was carried out to record changes elicited in the auditory cortex by acupuncture stimulus (right GB43, Xiaxi). Needle-retention and manual needle-twitching stimulation of GB43 and SP1 were done for acquiring the brain activities changed by acupuncture. Acupoint GB43 is known to be effective for the treatment of ear-related disease, such as deafness and tinnitus, and to be suspected to be related to the auditory cortex. Auditory evoked magnetic fields were recorded from the left hemisphere of five or four subjects, in response to contralateral ear stimulation by irregularly spaced 170msec long 1kHz tone busts (Korea Research Institute of Standards of Science). The result as follows The latency and amplitude of SQUID MEG responses at the human auditory cortex changed by needle-retention condition on GB43 were 7.2msec and 1.617, respectively, which were slower and larger than those of no-acupuncture condition. The amplitude of SQUID MEG responses at the human auditory cortex changed by needle-twitching condition on GB43 was 13.517, which was larger than that of no-acupuncture condition. The change in SP1 following GB43 needle-twitching condition were not observed in latency. The amplitude changed by needle-twitching condition on SP1 was 12.2fT, which was not significant. These results suggested that auditory cortex can be affected by acupuncture stimulus, though not specific or significant because of small number of subjects.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum GB-LP1 Isolated from Traditional Korean Fermented Food

( Jihyun Yu ),( Sojin Ahn ),( Kwondo Kim ),( Kelsey Caetano-anolles ),( Chanho Lee ),( Jungsun Kang ),( Kyungjin Cho ),( Sook Hee Yoon ),( Dae-kyung Kang ),( Heebal Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.8

As probiotics play an important role in maintaining a healthy gut flora environment through antitoxin activity and inhibition of pathogen colonization, they have been of interest to the medical research community for quite some time now. Probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum, which can be found in fermented food, are of particular interest given their easy accessibility. We performed whole-genome sequencing and genomic analysis on a GB-LP1 strain of L. plantarum isolated from Korean traditional fermented food; this strain is well known for its functions in immune response, suppression of pathogen growth, and antitoxin effects. The complete genome sequence of GB-LP1 is a single chromosome of 3,040,388 bp with 2,899 predicted open reading frames. Genomic analysis of GB-LP1 revealed two CRISPR regions and genes showing accelerated evolution, which may have antibiotic and antitoxin functions. The aim of the present study was to predict strain specific-genomic characteristics and assess the potential of this new strain as lactic acid bacteria at the genomic level using in silico analysis. These results provide insight into the L. plantarum species as well as confirm the possibility of its utility as a candidate probiotic.

면역약침의 심 1, 2, 3점에 관한 고찰 - 경혈학과 해부학적 관점에서 -

조성호 ( Sung-ho Jo ) 대한면역약침학회 2016 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the frequently used acupuncture points of Immuno-Yakchim (Sim 1, 2, 3) based on the knowledge of merdian, acupoint and human anatomy. Methods : On this paper, we reviewed various preceded reviews of merdain and acupoint, and studies to revaluate common used acupuncture points in the text of recent knowledge of human anatomy. Results and Conclusions : Sim 1,2,3 is related to Jooyoung (SP20), Cheongye (SP18), Yeonaek (GB22) based on merdian and acupoint. Sim 1, 2, 3 is related to pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles based on myology. Sim 1, 2, 3 is related to axillary lymph nodes based on human anatomy.

Systematic Assessment of the Effects of an All-Atom Force Field and the Implicit Solvent Model on the Refinement of NMR Structures with Subsets of Distance Restraints

Jee, Jun-Goo Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.7

Employment of a time consuming, sophisticated calculation using the all-atom force field and generalized-Born implicit solvent model (GBIS) for refinement of NMR structures has become practical through advances in computational methods and capacities. GBIS refinement improves the qualities of the resulting NMR structures with reduced computational times. However, the contribution of GBIS to NMR structures has not been sufficiently studied in a quantitative way. In this paper, we report the effects of GBIS on the refined NMR structures of ubiquitin (UBQ) and GB1 with subsets of distance restraints derived from experimental data. Random omission prepared a series of distance restraints 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 times smaller. For each number, we produced five different restraints for statistical analysis. We then recalculated the NMR structures using CYANA software, followed by GBIS refinements using the AMBER package. GBIS improved both the precision and accuracy of all the structures, but to varied levels. The degrees of improvement were significant when the input restraints were insufficient. In particular, GBIS enabled GB1 to form an accurate structure even with distance restraints of 5%, revealing that the root-mean-square deviation was less than 1 ${\AA}$ from the X-ray backbone structure. We also showed that the efficiency of searching the conformational space was more important for finding accurate structures with the calculation of UBQ with 5% distance restraints than the number of conformations generated. Our data will provide a meaningful guideline to judge and compare the structural improvements by GBIS.

Investigation of the Neuroprotective Effects of Bee-venom Acupuncture in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease by Using Immunohistochemistry and <i>In−vivo</i> ¹H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 9.4 T

윤문현,이도완,김현진,정진영,두아름,박히준,김승남,최보영 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.2

Neuroprotective therapeutics slows down the degeneration process in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neuronal survival in PD animal models is often measured by using immunohistochemistry. However, dynamic changes in the pathology of the brain cannot be explored with this technique. Application of <i>in-vivo</i> ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) can cover this shortcoming, as these techniques are non-invasive and can be repeated over time in the same animal. Thus, the sensitivity of both techniques to measure changes in the PD pathology was explored in an experiment studying the neuroprotective effects of the vigilance enhancer bee-venom (BV) in a mouse model of PD. The mice were pre-treated with 0.02-ml BV administered to the acupuncture point GB34 (Yangneungcheon) once every 3 days for 2 weeks. Three groups were classified as control, MPTP-intoxicated PD model and BV-treated mice. Outer volume suppression combined with the ultra-short echo-time STEAM (TE = 2.2 ms, TM = 20 ms, TR = 5000 ms) was used for localized <i>in-vivo</i> ¹H MRS. Based on the ¹H MRS spectral analysis, substantial changes of the neurochemical profiles were evaluated in the three investigated groups. In particular, the glutamate complex (Glx)/creatine (Cr) ratio (7.72 ± 1.25) in the PD group was significantly increased compared to that in the control group (3.93 ± 2.21, P = 0.001). Compared to the baseline values, the Glx/Cr ratio of the BV-treated group was significantly decreased 2 weeks after MPTP intoxication (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that neurochemical alterations occurred in the three groups and that the neuroprotective effects of the BV acupuncture in a mouse model of PD could be quantified by using immunohistochemistry and ¹H MRS.

Systematic Assessment of the Effects of an All-Atom Force Field and the Implicit Solvent Model on the Refinement of NMR Structures with Subsets of Distance Restraints

지준구 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.7

Employment of a time consuming, sophisticated calculation using the all-atom force field and generalized- Born implicit solvent model (GBIS) for refinement of NMR structures has become practical through advances in computational methods and capacities. GBIS refinement improves the qualities of the resulting NMR structures with reduced computational times. However, the contribution of GBIS to NMR structures has not been sufficiently studied in a quantitative way. In this paper, we report the effects of GBIS on the refined NMR structures of ubiquitin (UBQ) and GB1 with subsets of distance restraints derived from experimental data. Random omission prepared a series of distance restraints 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 times smaller. For each number, we produced five different restraints for statistical analysis. We then recalculated the NMR structures using CYANA software, followed by GBIS refinements using the AMBER package. GBIS improved both the precision and accuracy of all the structures, but to varied levels. The degrees of improvement were significant when the input restraints were insufficient. In particular, GBIS enabled GB1 to form an accurate structure even with distance restraints of 5%, revealing that the root-mean-square deviation was less than 1 Å from the X-ray backbone structure. We also showed that the efficiency of searching the conformational space was more important for finding accurate structures with the calculation of UBQ with 5% distance restraints than the number of conformations generated. Our data will provide a meaningful guideline to judge and compare the structural improvements by GBIS.