법곤충학을 이용한 사후경과시간 추정 및 활용

우동규 ( Dong Kyu Woo ) 이실학회(구 한국경찰이론과실무학회) 2012 경찰연구논집 Vol.10 No.-

범죄현장에서 시체가 발견되었을 경우 범인검거 및 현장재구성을 위한 사후경과시각의 추정은 필수적이다. 법의학에서는 여러 가지 방법을 통하여 사후경과시각을 추정하는데, 그 중 하나가 바로 법곤충학이다. 시체 주변에서 발견된 곤충을 활용하는 법곤충학은 사후경과시각 뿐만 아니라 범죄와 관련된 다양한 증거확보에도 도움을 줄 수 있다. 그러나 현재 우리의 과학수사는 범죄현장에서의 구더기 또는 곤충을 증거확보를 위한 수단이 아닌 박멸의 대상으로 여길 뿐이고 연구기관도 없는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 법곤충학의 개념과 활용을 소개하고 미국의 대표적인 연구기관인 테네시 대학의 바디팜을 중심으로 법곤충의 연구현황과, 미국의 법곤충학의 사법적 활용사례를 소개하고자 한다. It is essential to guess PMI when the dead body is in the crime scene. Because knowing the time of death helps to get the criminal and make a crime scene reconstruction. There are many methods to get PMI in Forensic Science, one of them is Forensic Entomology. Insects we can find around the dead body give to us much information like PMI, evidences concern with crime. Not only there are no development centers which research about insects of maggot, but crime scene investigators try to eradicate insects when they see them in the crime scene in the Korea. This document introduces the concept and use of Forensic Entomology. Additionally, we can get a chance to know how to use of Forensic Entomology in the court in USA, checking a facility researching about insects, dead body, decomposition which is called ``Body Farm`` in University of Tennessee, USA Forensic Entomology is able to get the information about the cause of death, movement after death, evidence of abuse. It is useful the dead body which is decomposed. Anthropology center of University of Tennessee(Body farm) make a various research using donated body. And the court make a judgement of conviction and decide when the people dies using Forensic Entomology. We can expect a availability of Forensic Entomology in the court in Korea.

法醫昆蟲學

문태영,문국진 高神大學校保健科學硏究所 1997 보건과학연구소보 Vol.7 No.-

Forensic Entomology is a practical practical interdiscipline pursuing scientific solution for legal disputes from the entomological point of view. Among various interests of Forensic Entomology, it is reviewed the medicolegal aspect of the accumulated cases. Different insects arrive to carrions at different times and wth intervals not only on human corpses but on animal carrions, demonstrating their feeding preference on carrions in time-sharing ways. There is a typical tendency of succession between carrion insects. It may be possible to trace such succession through overall ordination of data obtained between decompssition, and arrival and resience of insects. Such information on succession can be of use to measure postmortem intervals approximately. It is not always difficult either to measure the postmortem intervals or to trace the origin of the death xcenes if there are ecological knowledge on local carrion insects. There are some insects to be the forensic indicators implying the characters of death scenes. It should be most necessary to draw entomologists in participating to work with forensic entomology.

한국산 시식성 파리의 분자생물학적 종 구분법 연구 현황

박성환,신상언 대한법의학회 2013 대한법의학회지 Vol.37 No.4

To estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) by using entomological evidence,species identification of forensically important flies is mandatory. However, the traditional species identification method, which relies on the key morphological features of adult flies, is not always available to investigators and has limitations to the immature samples. Because of these limitations, species identification using DNA sequences has long been an issue in the field of forensic entomology. In this review, I have briefly described the basic principles of molecular species identification and phylogenetic analysis and their applications in forensic entomology. I also recommend an experimental and statistical method to identify unknown fly samples obtained from the field.

Molecular identification of forensically important calliphoridae and sarcophagidae species using ITS2 nucleotide sequences

Park, Ji Hye,Kim, Yu-Hoon,Ham, Chan Seon,Shin, Sang Eon,Lee, Hyun Ju,Ko, Kwang Soo,Choi, Jinhyuk,Son, Gi Hoon,Park, Seong Hwan Elsevier 2018 Forensic science international Vol.284 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The application of insect evidence to forensic investigations is mainly based on the estimation of postmortem interval and the identification of insect species from samples that are collected from the crime scene. Due to the limited number of expert taxonomists, species identification is one of the major barriers for crime scene investigators to utilize forensic entomology. Therefore, the molecular identification of species, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, has been suggested as an alternative strategy. However, in some cases, these maternally inherited markers cause confusion; hence, nuclear DNA markers such as ITS2 are also required as supporting tools. Eleven Calliphoridae and 5 Sarcophagidae fly species collected from Korea were utilized for PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of ITS2 locus. Species Identifier software was used for sequence analysis and comparison. The results demonstrated that 11 Korean Calliphoridae and 5 Korean Sarcophagidae fly species could be distinguished using ITS2 nucleotide sequences. In particular, the sister species, <I>Lucilia illustris</I> and <I>Lucilia caesar</I> were also distinguished, despite the very low level of interspecific diversity. However, when compared with previously reported ITS2 nucleotide sequences, several identification failures were noted. This is the first study that widely analyzed nucleotide sequences of the ITS2 locus from Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae fly species collected in Korea.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 11 Calliphoridae and 5 Sarcophagidae fly species were distinguished using ITS2 locus. </LI> <LI> <I>Lucilia illustris</I> and <I>caesar</I> were distinguished, despite low interspecific diversity. </LI> <LI> It is the first study using Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae collected in Korea. </LI> </UL> </P>

The impact of blowflies on pig cadaver decomposition on Yeongdo Island, Busan, South Korea

Park Sang‐Hyun,Baek Seung‐Ho,Moon Tae‐Young 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.11

The decomposition process is an important factor in forensics, and flies play a crucial role in the decomposition of animals and humans. However, there remains limited information on the effect of flies that attend death scenes. This study assesses the effect of the presence or absence of blowflies on the rate and process of cadaver decomposition in the spring, summer, and autumn from 2016 to 2020 on Yeongdo Island, Busan, South Korea. Nine blowfly species belonging to four genera in two subfamilies were sampled. The blowflies that approached the cadavers differed between seasons, but Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) was the dominant species regardless of the season. Blowfly presence on cadavers significantly affected the duration of the decomposition stage and the pattern of weight loss in nearly all scenarios. With the presence of blowflies, the decomposition rate was four times faster in spring, three times faster in summer, and nine times faster in autumn. These results show that the presence or absence of blowflies is an essential factor in the decomposition process of cadavers. Therefore, it should be taken into account when estimating postmortem intervals in medicolegal forensic entomology.

Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae) colonising poisoned rabbit carcasses

Mashaly Ashraf,Al‐Khalifa Mohammed,Al‐Qahtni Abdullah 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.11

Chrysomia albiceps Wiedemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the first insects to colonise human and animal carrion and thus one of the most important insects in forensic entomology. Since the presence of these blow flies have been reported in most of the provinces in Saudi Arabia, we analyse the succession patterns of C. albiceps on decomposing rabbit carcasses injected with heroin or administered orally with alcoholic beverages. Samples of flies from the carcasses of heroin or alcohol‐treated and untreated rabbits were obtained for 15 days post mortem. A total of 1,297 and 1,426 flies were attracted to rabbit carcasses during the heroin and alcohol tests, respectively. The blow flies appeared in different developmental instars (larvae, pupae and adults), and at all stages of decomposition. Administration of higher concentrations of heroin or higher amounts of alcohol were generally associated with an increase in the number of blow flies drawn to rabbit carcasses (P < 0.05). The highest number of blow flies were attracted during the decay stage of decomposition, and the lowest during the fresh stage. In the case of medicolegal investigation, when C. albiceps used as a forensic indicator, it is recommended that the impact of heroin or alcoholic beverages on the succession patterns be considered.

Molecular identification of forensically important beetles in Saudi Arabia based on mitochondrial 16 s rRNA gene

Alajmi Reem,Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida,Haddadi Rania 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.7

Forensic science uses scientific methods to help the scientists who study evidence to assist in the solving of crimes. Coleoptera is the most diverse and speciose group of insects that have an important role in many scientific fields especially forensic entomology. In addition, it is difficult to morphologically identify and discriminate between them. In the present study, the molecular analysis using mitochondrial DNA information was conducted to swiftly and accurately identify the recovered Coleoptera species. A molecular identification method involving a 221-bp segment of the 16 s ribosomal RNA (16 s rRNA) gene from three beetle species, collected from a rabbit carcass, was evaluated. The analysis with maximum likelihood method recovered a generally well supported phylogeny, with most currently accepted taxa and species groups as monophyletic. These results will be instrumental for the implementation of the Saudian database of forensically relevant beetles.

Larval redescription of Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis brunnicollis (Kraatz, 1877) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Silphinae)

Gyu Young Han,Jun-Young Kang,Seung-Su Euo,A Young Kim,Il-Kwon Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis brunnicollis (Kraatz, 1877) is a common necrophagous beetle in the Palaearctic region. The species is often encountered on the corpses of large vertebrates, such as human and pig, and is well recognized as a potentially group of beetles in forensic entomology. All of the developmental stages can be found in the corpse and under the soil near a corpse, which can be used to reconstruct the site, such as estimating PMI(Postmortem interval). However, its larval instar stages were never thoroughly described for identification. In this study, we redescribe the morphological characters of all larval stages of N. brunnicollis for quantitative and qualitative morphological information. In addition, we provide the images of larvae and an indentrifiaction key to larval instars.

Statistical considerations in forensic science: a review

정수진,Lee Hyo Jung,이재원 한국통계학회 2021 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.50 No.3

DNA evidence presented in court is evaluated by calculating its weight. In the case of evidence consisting of two profiles that may be from the same individual, such as a sample of DNA from a crime scene and a sample from a suspect for that crime or the case of one sample from an alleged father and one from the biological father in a paternity case, forensic scientists are must evaluate the weight of evidence. This weight is expressed as a likelihood ratio, or the ratio of the probability that the DNA evidence comes from the alleged father (or suspect) to the probability that it came from another person. In the likelihood ratio, the probability that the evidence would have come from another person by coincidence with the same degree of match is called the match probability. The match probability depends on the reference population and the assumption of independence within and between loci. Because the assumption of independence within loci ignores coancestry effects dependent on the population structure, statistical methods have been developed for interpreting DNA evidence have been developed that account for the presence of coancestry effects, incorporating them into the population structure. Match probability also depends on the genetic relationship between the suspect and the actual criminal (or the alleged father and the biological father). In most cases, however, match probability is calculated on the assumption that the two persons in question are not related to each other, and the calculation of the likelihood ratio tends to overestimate DNA evidence. For this reason, alternative methods have been proposed for assessing genetic relationships. The practice of forensic science has undergone a period of rapid change due to the dramatic evolution of DNA profiling and the related greater sophistication of statistical evaluation of DNA evidence. Forensic inference from DNA evidence is widely used in criminal investigation, parentage lawsuits, and ancestral classification cases as well as in the identification of the remains of deceased people. In this paper, we present relevant statistical concepts and review recently developed statistical methods as well as discussing some practical issues in forensic statistics. We also present statistical methods for ancestral classification based on the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms markers that are informative for ancestry, and we describe various statistical methods for estimating postmortem interval), which plays a very important role in screening suspects and solving crime cases that involve the death of an individual, in forensic entomology studies.

Intrapuparial development and age estimation of Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) for postmortem interval estimation

Li Liangliang,Zhang Yanan,Chen Yang,Guo Yi,Wang Yinghui,Hu Gengwang,Kang Chengtao,Jiangfeng Wang,Wang Yu 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2

Sarcophaga peregrina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is a widely distributed species in the Palearctic, Oriental and Australian regions. Numerous studies and case reports have confirmed the value of this species in forensic investigations, but methods for estimating the age of the intrapuparial period of this species are lacking. In this study, S. peregrina pupae were sampled at 16 ◦ C, 19 ◦ C, 22 ◦ C, 25 ◦ C, 28 ◦ C, 31 ◦ C, and 34 ◦ C. Morphological changes within the puparium were observed under a stereomicroscope. The results of the study showed that S. peregrina could complete its intrapuparial development at each of the seven tested constant temperatures. As the temperature increased, the average minimum duration of the intrapuparial period of S. peregrina decreased from 706.7 ± 28.1 h at 16 ◦ C to 170.7 ± 4.6 h at 34 ◦ C. The intrapuparial morphological changes of S. peregrina can be divided into 12 sub-stages. While some structures such as the compound eyes, mouthparts, antennae, thorax, legs, wings, and abdomen can be used individually to estimate intrapuparial age, we observed all these structures with local magnification photographs and classified the developmental process of these structures into 6–11 stages. The time range for the appearance of each sub-stage or structure was recorded in detail. The results of this study provide important basic data for estimating the minimum postmortem interval using the intrapuparial morphology of S. peregrina.