전자폐기물을 잔골재로 적용한 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 관한 연구

김용무,최소영,김일순,양은익 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2018 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

The quantities of electronic waste have been increased rapidly, and was caused variety problems such as environmental pollution or dissipation of resource. So, it needed to development of recycling technology about heavy metal in the electronic waste. Meanwhile, filler material (concrete or mortar) was used for shielding radioactive waste, however, it did not used materials that it is proved radiation shielding performance. So, there is a lack of confidence in the shielding performance. Therefore, in this paper, mechanical properties of concrete was evaluated for the applicability using electronic waste as fine aggregate of filler material. From the test results, compressive and flexural strength and elasticity modulus and the micro pore in the 1μm range was significantly affected by substitution of electronic waste, however, it could be improved the performance by using mineral admixture as binder. So, it is shown that the electronic waste could be applicable as fine aggregate of filler material. 전자폐기물의 발생량이 급증하고 있고, 전자폐기물로 인한 환경오염 혹은 자원낭비등과 같은 문제를 야기하고 있다. 따라서 전자폐기물 안에 포함된 중금속을 재활용할 수 있는 기술 개발이 필요하다. 한편, 채움재(콘크리트 혹은 모르타르)는 방사성폐기물의 차폐를 위해 사용되나, 방사성 차폐 성능을 확보한 재료를 적용하고 있지 않다. 따라서 채움재는 차폐성능에 관한 신뢰가 부족한 상황이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는, 전자폐기물을 채움재의 잔골재로 적용하기 위하여 콘크리트의 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, 압축강도, 휨강도, 탄성계수 및 1μm 영역의 공극이 상당히 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으나, 광물질 혼화재를 결합재로 사용하면 성능이 개선되었다. 따라서 전자폐기물은 채움재의 잔골재로써 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Gold Recovery using Porphyrin-based Polymer from Electronic Waste: Adsorbent Regeneration and Reuse

( Jieun Sona ),( Cafer T. Yavuz ),( Yeongran Hong ),( Thien Nguyen ),( Jong-in Han ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

Due to the rapid development of innovations, the amount of discarded electrical or electronic equipment, called electronic wastes, have been gradually increased over the world and as a consequence, the treatment of the wastes brought a great attention to many researchers. Despite its small amount, precious metals in electronic wastes have large potential values as a future secondary source of metals. However, separation and refining of these metals are complicated and none of them are chosen to be commercialized. As one of the promising adsorbents, porphyrin-based porous polymer, named COP-180, has been developed for the selective adsorption and separation of gold. Although the characteristics and adsorption abilities of COP-180 has been deeply investigated, the strategies on the desorption and recovery of adsorbed gold and the regeneration of the polymer are still unknown. Herein, a hydrometallurgical method for efficient gold desorption and recovery from COP-180 was suggested. Chloride, thiosulfate and thiourea, which are typical non-cyanide gold leaching solutions, were evaluated for gold desorption from the polymer. Leaching solution of thiourea in acidic condition provided the best desorption performance. The results of FTIR analysis showed that the structure of COP-180 was maintained during desorption with thiourea, while changes of structures were detected with acid chloride solution as it supported the suitability of thiourea in either gold desorption or adsorbent regeneration. The ratio of adsorbed gold over the polymer was varied to analyze its effect on desorption efficiency. The less amount of gold was adsorbed on the polymer, the higher gold desorption efficiency was obtained. More than 98% of the adsorbed gold was desorbed from COP-180 by the treatment of 0.1M of thiourea for 2 hours at 50°C. The regeneration and reusability of the adsorbent was evaluated in three consecutive cycles. All these present works suggested that the desorption method via acid thiourea can offer a workable way of efficient gold recovery and regeneration of the adsorbent.

폐기물로부터 유가금속 회수 기술에 대한 특허 통계 분석

차완규 한국지식재산교육연구학회 2021 지식재산 교육과 연구 Vol.9 No.2

최근 전자산업의 비약적인 발전에 따라 제품의 교체주기가 짧아지고 이에 따른 폐전자제품의 교체주기가 짧아져 폐전자제품의 발생량이 급증하고 있다. 이는 주로 지하에 매립되는 등 버려지는데, 이를 통한 침출액의 유출로 심각한 환경오염이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 환경오염과 자원 낭비를 방지하기 위하여 본 보고서에서는 폐기물 속 유가금속 회수방법에 대한 특허 분석을 수행하여 특허 및 기술의 동향을 분석 한다. 본 논문에서는 한국 ㈜윕스 윕스온 (www.wipson.com)을 활용하여 세계 주요국가들의 특허 동향을 파악하여 해당 기술의 현재 발전 정도 및 발전 방향을 분석한다. 세계 주요국가들로는 한국, 일본, 미국, 유럽, 중국의 특허를 분석하였다. 특허 통계 분석을 통하여 유가금속 회수 기술의 현재 동향과 앞으로의 발전 흐름 및 연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다. Recently, with the rapid development of the electronics industry, the replacement cycle of products is shortened and the replacement cycle of waste electronic products is shortened accordingly, resulting in a rapid increase in the generation of waste electronic products. It is mainly disposed of, such as being buried underground, and the leakage of leachate through this is causing serious environmental pollution. In order to prevent such environmental pollution and waste of resources, this report analyzes the trends of patents and technologies by conducting patent analysis on the method of recovering valuable metals in waste. In this paper, we analyze the current development level and direction of the technology by identifying the patent trends in major countries around the world using Wipson Korea (www.wipson.com). For major countries in the world, patents in Korea, Japan, the US, Europe, and China were analyzed. Through patent statistical analysis, the current trend of valuable metal recovery technology, future development flow, and research direction are presented.

무역관련 환경규제의 강화와 확산: EU 및 중국의 전기전자제품 관련 법규 분석 및 대응방안

윤성욱 ( Sung Wook Yoon ),신지연 ( Ji Yeon Shin ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2016 홍익법학 Vol.17 No.1

Directives on WEEE and RoHS adopted by the EU in 2003 not only attracted world-wide concerns on environmental disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment but also gave significant influences on related industries. In particular, WEEE regulates ‘collection’ and ‘disposal’ of wastes based on the EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility) principle that manufacturers have the responsibility of collection and recycling. China as a major producer of electrical and electronic equipments enacted ‘Regulations on Recovery Processing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products’, so-called, ‘China’s WEEE’, in 2009. Since its legislation, China expands the scope of applied products and tightens regulations. It is on an increasing trend that many countries has tightened environmental regulations on disposal and recycling of electrical and electronic wastes. These regulations are generally perceived as trade barriers which could cause cost increase. Therefore, appropriate policy reponses are necessary. China’s WEEE, although it was enacted based on EU WEEE, has established its own system through continuous reforms. In this sense, this research clarifies distinctive features of China’s WEEE and suggests appropriate policy responses based on comparison between EU and China’s WEEE and examination of recent reforms of China’s related laws.

Self-Compacting Concrete with Partially Substitution of Waste Marble: A Review

Jawad Ahmad,Zhiguang Zhou,Ahmed Farouk Deifalla 한국콘크리트학회 2023 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.17 No.4

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is also seen as unsustainable since it uses a lot of natural resources. Recent researchers have focused on lowering construction costs and partially replacing cement with industrial waste. It is possible to effectively use various industrial wastes in concrete as cement or aggregates. Among these wastes, waste marble (WM) is a useful choice, and researchers have been interested in using WM in concrete for a couple of years. However, to pinpoint the advantages and recent advancements of research on WM as an ingredient of SCC, a comprehensive study is necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to do a compressive evaluation of WM as an SCC ingredient. The review includes a general introduction to SCC and WM, the filling and passing capability of SCC, strength properties of SCC, durability, and microstructure analysis of SCC. According to the findings, WM improved the concrete strength and durability of SCC by up to 20% substitution due to micro-filling and pozzolanic reaction. Finally, the review also identifies research gaps for future investigations.

Chemical Detoxification of Asbestos-Containing Slate Waste: Implication to Korean Waste Management

( Seong-nam Nam ),( Seongkyeong Jeong ),( Dongjin Lee ),( Sun Kyoung Shin ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2010 APLAS Vol.2010 No.0

폐전기·전자제품의 재활용 촉진에 대한 연구

김한수,김대봉 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2020 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.37 No.5

The use of electrical equipment produces large quantities of waste. We investigated the difference in quantityperformance of recycling and mandatory recycling quantities and analyzed the product families and specific products thathave not achieved a long-term recycling target. It was suggested a method to promote the recycling of waste electricalequipment. Although the delivery volume of medium and small household appliances was increased, the long-termrecycling target was still not achieved. To increase the performance of recycling, apartments and houses should be equippedwith small recycling bins, and retail stores over a certain capacity should be equipped with free recycling points. Novelproduct families could be introduced as “products that exceed the recycling target” and “products that do not meet thequantity for mandatory collection”. Large manufacturers and producers should step down these rates. This study maycontribute to improving existing infrastructure and promoting recycling of waste electrical equipment.

폐전자제품 회수물류 최적화 연구

이석기(Seok Kee Lee),노재확(Jae-Whak Roh),조영빈(Yeong Bin Cho) 한국통상정보학회 2014 통상정보연구 Vol.16 No.4

기술발전에 의한 전자제품의 짧은 소비주기는 폐가전제품의 재활용 처리라는 국제적인 환경 문제를 유발시키고 있다. 인도나 중국과 같이 경제력과 소비수준이 급격히 높아지는 국가들에서는 폐가전제품의 급증이 사회적 이슈가 되고 있다. 이들 나라에서는 대부분의 폐전자제품이 적절하지 못한 방식 (uncontrolled recycling)으로 처리됨으로써 심각한 환경오염과 건강문제를 야기하고 있다. 국내의 경우도 이들 국가와 크게 다르지 않다. 국내의 경우 기존의 지역별 혹은 개별 기업 수준에서 재활용센터가 운영 중에 있으나, 대부분 일일 처리한도를 초과하여 운영되고 있어서 잉여 폐전자제품의 처리방안에 대한 고민이 시급한 현실이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 비용과 이동거리 관점에서 재활용센터 입지를 재조정함으로써 보다 재처리를 보다 효율화 할 수 있는 수리모형을 개발, 제안해 보고자 한다. 국내 특정지역의 실제 폐전자제품과 재처리센터 데이터를 활용하여 제안된 최적화 입지 모형을 검증함으로써 국내는 물론 비슷한 문제를 가진 다른 국가의 재처리 문제 개선에도 도움을 주고자 한다. A short consumption cycle caused by the technological development and the diversification of customer lead to both the dynamic growth of the industry and the waste recycling issue at the same time. Including Korea, the situation is particularly worrisome in some countries, such as India and China, where acute environmental hazards have resulted from a combination of a lack of recycling centers capacity and the domination of a large backyard recycling sector. A study about to maximize the current recycling center efficiency with minimal changes is required. In this study, we suggest the optimal location selection method for the recycling center based on the well-known reverse logistics cost minimization model. An actual recycling data about a specific electronic equipment and region in Korea are used for the verification of the method suggested.

E-waste management and resources recovery in France

Vadoudi, Kiyan,Kim, Junbeum,Laratte, Bertrand,Lee, Seung-Jin,Troussier, Nadè,ge SAGE Publications 2015 Waste management & research Vol.33 No.10

<P>There are various issues of concern regarding electronic waste management, such as the toxicity of hazardous materials and the collection, recycling and recovery of useful resources. To understand the fate of electronic waste after collection and recycling, a products and materials flow analysis should be performed. This is a critical need, as material resources are becoming increasingly scarce and recycling may be able to provide secondary sources for new materials in the future. In this study, we investigate electronic waste systems, specifically the resource recovery or recycling aspects, as well as mapping electronic waste flows based on collection data in France. Approximately 1,588,453 t of new electrical and electronic equipment were sold in the French market in 2010. Of this amount, 430,000 t of electronic waste were collected, with the remaining 1,128,444 t remaining in stock. Furthermore, the total recycled amounts were 354,106 t and 11,396 t, respectively. The main electronic waste materials were ferrous metals (37%), plastic (22%), aluminium (12%), copper (11%) and glass (7%). This study will contribute to developing sustainable electronic waste and resource recycling systems in France.</P>

유럽연합 전기전자장비폐기물처리지침에 관한 고찰: 스웨덴 Elretur 시스템 중심으로

정혁 한국유럽학회 2023 유럽연구 Vol.41 No.3

The European Commission is presenting a direction for Resource Circular Economy through a virtuous circle of recycling and reuse of waste of electrical and electronic equipment over the whole industry within the EU. The EC has laid out Directive of Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment as part of the efforts stressing the Extended Producer Responsibility. The Swedish government has transposed the Directive and enacted the Regulation of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (The Swedish Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulation-SFS 2014:1075) and established a system called ‘Elretur’, a collection and return system of WEEE. But, the system in which El-Kretsen plays a major role as the primary Producer Responsibility Organization, has a challenge of lack of awareness of citizens associated with contribution of the WEEE to Resource Circular Economy. As an approach to the issue, promotions regarding method of identification and classification of categories by items of the waste at municipal level in the field of the collection and separation of the waste, should be discussed. And as the Elretur system doesn’t have the official second-hand market where the WEEE from households are to be purchased and transacted, the legal efforts at the municipal level in establishing the market may as well be required so that the WEEE collected by the participating Producer Responsibility Organizations are dealt in the system. And lastly, the classification of WEEE, which is largely divided at present, should be more categorized by item. It should give the resource circulation process more accelerated easiness by fractionizing the collected WEEE. The Korean Government has been implementing ‘Eco-Assurance System (of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Vehicles)’ since 2008, and ‘Basic Law of Resource Circulation’ since January 2017 after referring to the EU Directive of Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and applying the Expanded Producer Responsibility. While these two laws are promoting the increase in the number of businesses that recycle the WEEE for business, the Korean local governments should establish law regarding the set-up of the official second-hand market where the citizens purchase and transact the WEEE collected from households and run the market. 유럽연합 집행위원회는 유럽연합 역내 산업 분야에 전기전자장비폐기물의 재활용, 재사용 및 재생이라는 자원의 선순환적 사용을 통해 온실가스 배출을 감소시키는 자원순환경제로의 방향을 제시하고 있다. 유럽연합은 이러한 노력의 일환으로 전기전자장비폐기물 지침을 마련하고 생산자 책임 재활용제도를 강조하고 있다. 스웨덴은 이 지침을 반영하여 ‘전기전자장비폐기물규정’을 제정, 시행하고 있으며, 규정의 요구에 맞추어 Elretur 라고 하는 전기전자장비폐기물들의 회수, 수거 시스템을 운영하고 있다. 그러나 현재 El-Kretsen이라는 생산자 책임기관이 주가 되고 있는 스웨덴의 Elretur 시스템은 스웨덴 내 전기전자장비폐기물의 자원순환경제로의 기여와 관련한 시민 인식 부족이라는 과제를 안고 있다. 이는 시민들을 대상으로 폐기물 수거와 분리 현장에서의 폐기물 품목 별 범주 구분과 식별 방법과 관련한 지역 정부 차원의 홍보 방향이 하나의 접근으로 보인다. 둘째, 가정용 배출 전기전자장비폐기물들의 최종사용자가 폐기하는 재사용 가능한 전기전자장비들의 구매 및 거래를 위한 공식적인 중고 거래 시장이 부재하므로 생산자 참여 기관들이 수거하는 전기전자장비들의 거래가 공식적으로 이루어질 수 있는 거래 시장의 조성과 관련된 지역 정부 차원의 법적인 노력이 필요하다. 셋째, 시스템 내에서 크게 나누어진 현재의 전기전자장비 폐기물들의 품목 별 분류군을 조금 더 세분화할 필요가 있다. 이는 수거 되는 전기전자장비 폐기물 군들을 세분화하면서 재활용, 재사용 및 재생이라는 자원순환과정에 좀 더 가속화된 수월성을 제공할 것으로 사료된다. 한국 정부도 유럽연합의 전기전자장비폐기물처리지침을 참고하여 생산자 책임 재활용제도를 적용하면서 2008년부터 환경성보장제, 2017년 1월부터는 자원순환기본법을 시행해오고 있다. 이 두 법은 전문적으로 폐전기전자제품을 재활용하는 사업장들의 증가를 도모하고 있다. 하지만, 그 외에도 한국의 지역 정부들은 일반 가정에서 배출되는 전기전자장비폐기물들의 재활용 시장에서의 일반 시민들의 구매 및 거래 증가를 위한 공식적인 전기전자장비폐기물들의 거래 시장을 법적인 기반 마련 후 조성, 운영할 필요가 있다.