TAPED를 활용한 글로벌 디지털무역규범의 형성과 아시아-태평양 지역무역협정의 역할에 관한 연구

곽동철 한국통상정보학회 2022 통상정보연구 Vol.24 No.2

As digital trade negotiations have been stalemated at the multilateral level, major countries started to utilize regional trade agreements to establish new and innovative trade rules in the digital era. Using ‘Trade Agreements Provisions on Electronic-commerce and Data (TAPED)’, this paper finds out that the Asia-Pacific (AP) region plays a positive and leading role in shaping global digital trade rules. In each five categories, such as ‘General and Dispute Settlement’, ‘Digital Trade Facilitation’, ‘Digital Trade Regulatory Frameworks and Digital Trust Policies’, ‘Reducing Digital Trade Barriers’, ‘Innovative Technology, Digital Development and Inclusion, and Institutional Coordination’, AP regional trade agreements contain more diverse rules and superior in quantity to American or European ones. The AP region, which was marginalized in the process of shaping traditional trade rules, now leads global negotiations on the new trade agenda. To see a new global trade regime in the digital era, it is crucial to keep a close eye on Asia-Pacific.

디지털문화 초기사 연구: 동아시아 지역횡단의 전자오락기·개인용 컴퓨터 복제를 중심으로

조동원 한국언론정보학회 2019 한국언론정보학보 Vol.98 No.-

This article, exploring an early history of digital culture in South Korea, focuses on adopting of digital technologies and shaping of digital culture from below: complements to the state-driven institutions and policies-oriented historiography. Electronic entertainment (arcade videogame) and personal computer that appeared in the late 1970s are examined as first digital media made accessible to the public; and non-institutional actors and their practices for the first adoption and reception of them are analyzed in terms of translocality and undercurrents. Both of them were copied and cheaply distributed in an unauthorized way at the Cheonggyecheon electronics market in Seoul, for and during which translocal undercurrents in the region of East Asia took place: informal ways of procuring the integrated circuits as an essential but not domestically available component from subcontracted factories of semiconductors and the peddler trade with Japan; exports of copied arcade game circuit-boards overseas along with the technicians sent for their maintenance and repair; and circulations of copying techniques of Apple II among bootleggers from Taiwan to Hong Kong and Singapore to South Korea. While those actors like repair technicians and peddlers crossed and recomposed the multi-layered boundaries between global/local, formal/informal, design/use, or technology/culture, their translocal practices and undercurrents enabled cheap reproduction and distribution of those digital media to the public, which contributed to the early shaping of digital culture from below.

블록체인 기술의 무역금융 적용과 과제에 관한 연구

허윤석,문종일 한국무역학회 2022 貿易學會誌 Vol.47 No.6

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted supply chains across the world. When the pandemic broke out, the disruptions were mainly due to the lockdowns imposed in various countries. The WTO has predicted that the pandemic might cause world trade to decline by 13 to 32 per cent in 2020. This paper will examine the implications of COVID-19 on digital trade, particularly the use of blockchain in the Asia Pacific. The Asia Pacific (particularly Singapore and Hong Kong) is a leader in the use of digital technologies. This paper will thus attempt to draw out lessons from the first movers for the rest of Asia. It will examine the bottlenecks in the application of this technology in the Asia Pacific countries, and the need for regulatory changes in the Asia-Pacific. It will trace the technology’s barriers to adoption, both as regards interoperability, and regulatory framework. The advantages of blockchain technology in trade finance are clear; it can promote trade efficiency, mitigate risk and expand trade to other regions. However, earlier efforts to introduce digital technologies have failed. More collaborative efforts are required, so that networks can connect seamlessly on a single technology platform, and meet the demand for trade finance. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have provided an enabling environment for the intensification of digital efforts, increasing their urgency; should these measures indeed successfully occur, they will improve the resiliency of supply chains across the region.

Digital-divide Across Asian Countries

Keun Yeob Oh,Vinish Kathuria 한국경제연구학회 2012 Korea and the World Economy Vol.13 No.3

This paper uses conventional and contemporary approaches to test for the decline in digital?divide across 40 Asian nations over 10 year period from 2000 to 2009. GINI coefficient, HH index show that countries are becoming more equitable in relative terms with regard to information and communication technologies (ICTs) use. The relative convergence (the size of beta, β) shows that the convergence rate is about 9%. In contrast, contemporary approaches that test for panel non?stationarity with and without cross?sectional dependency show little evidence of convergence among countries. Even though the ICT use is growing at higher rate in the lower level countries, the absolute size of gaps between countries has not shrunk. Thus, we need to focus how to reduce the absolute gap as well as the equity of ICT use. The convergence rate seems not to be enough for the poorly accessed countries to catch up in absolute level.

Sustainable Agricultural Branding in Digital Asia: A Comparative Analysis of TWG Singapore and the Tea Industry in Guizhou, China

Xiuli Chen,Kesu Lin,Zeyuan Wang,Wei Ding,Xueying Zhang,Hongying Zhu,Tao Wang,Joohan Ryoo KOREA INSTITUTE FOR HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022 Journal of Global Area Studies Review(GAS) Vol.1 No.1

Southeast Asianist in the Digital Age

( Sinae Hyun ) 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원 2018 Suvannabhumi Vol.10 No.2

The paper provides an appreciation and critical commentary on Stephen Keck’s fictional product, the SEABOT. It examines the problems of regional definition, given Southeast Asia’s diversity, and provides a positive gloss on this diversity. It also considers certain conceptual and methodological issues raised by SEABOT, and the advantages and disadvantages of this online platform.

China’s Digital Silk Road in Southeast Asia and Vietnam’s Responses from 2015 to 2021

( Dao D. Nguyen ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2023 Suvannabhumi Vol.15 No.2

China launched the Digital Silk Road (DSR) in 2015 as part of the existing Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to expand its influence in digital and technological development across Asia, Europe, and Africa. Southeast Asia is one of the key targets of the Digital Silk Road due to its geographical proximity to China and the rapid growth of the digital sphere. Although the DSR opens several potential opportunities for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states to foster the digitalization process in the region, how each country reacts to projects under the DSR is varied. Secondly, Vietnam is the only ASEAN member state that has not signed any official agreement under the BRI framework, and thirdly, Vietnam opted out of Huawei technology. This paper aims to understand the perspective of Vietnam and how Vietnam has responded to the growing technological presence of China in Southeast Asia until 2021. By using qualitative methods, the author argues that the DSR has allowed Beijing to overcome the limitations of the original strategy, BRI, and strengthen its influence in the field of information and communication technologies, particularly fifth-generation (5G) telecommunications. Furthermore, the paper examines Vietnam’s digital development and digital diplomacy and how the Vietnamese government has responded to DSR projects. In light of both the potential threats and economic benefits that the DSR has brought to Vietnam and Southeast Asian countries, in the last section, the policy implications for cooperation are discussed.

미중 디지털 전략 경쟁과 러시아의 전략

이상준 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2022 중소연구 Vol.46 No.2

The success or failure of the U.S.-China strategic competition will depend on whether it can develop and secure the source technology for the digital transformation. Since February 24, 2022, Western sanctions against Russia were strengthened. The US-China strategic competition did not affect Russia's digital economy, but Russia also acted as an axis, forming a triangular structure between the United States, China and Russia. This study aims to examine the structural changes in which Russia has no choice but to play an important role in the US-China digital competition. Russia has adopted the digital economy as a major national task of the 4th-term government of Putin, and has steadily increased the proportion of the digital sector in the Russian economy. However, Western sanctions have prevented Russia from importing necessary equipment and parts from the West. Building a digital economy in Russia could be likely to be delayed. Although the Russian government's strategy to build a digital economy has no choice but to proceed with a very limited scope of cooperation for the time being, it has no choice but to consider strengthening international cooperation by finding a cooperative partner that can replace the West to build a digital economy. Therefore, countries in Northeast Asia are important partners that Russia can continue to consider. The present isolated Russia will actively seek new opportunities for cooperation. Countries seeking cooperation with Russia need to continue their efforts to explore the possibility of cooperation while carefully monitoring the situation in Russia’s digital economy. 미중 전략경쟁은 미래 성장에 도움이 될 수 있는 원천 기술을 개발·확보하는 것에 출발하여 이러한 기술을 활용하여 디지털 대전환 등 미래 산업을 준비하고 발전시킬 수 있는지에 따라 성패가 결정될 것이다. 2022년 2월 24일 러시아가 우크라이나를 침공하면서 서방의 대러 제재가 강화되었고 미중 간 전략경쟁 구도는 서방 대 러시아·중국의 대립으로 확장되고 또 이를 넘어 민주주의와 권위주의 간 대결구도로 급변하게 되었다. 러시아와 우크라이나 전쟁으로 촉발된 서방의 대러 제재로 디지털 전략경쟁에 러시아 역시 하나의 축으로 작용하면서 미중러의 삼각구조가 형성되는 모양새를 가지게 되었다. 이 연구는 디지털 분야에서 미중 전략경쟁이 격화되는 상황에 더하여 러시아가 우크라이나를 침공하게 됨에 따라 러시아에 대한 제재가 강화되는 상황으로 러시아 역시 중요한 행위자로서 역할을 할 수밖에 없는 구조를 가지게 되었음을 주목한다. 러시아는 디지털 경제를 국가 신성장동력을 육성하기 위해 푸틴 집권 4기 주요 국정과제로 채택하였으며 관련 지원을 통해 러시아 경제에서 디지털 분야의 비중을 꾸준하게 증가시키고 있었다. 그러나 우크라이나 전쟁이 시작된 이후 서구의 제재가 강화되면서 러시아는 서구로부터 필요한 장비와 부품을 수입할 수 없게 되었다. 그만큼 러시아의 디지털 경제 구축은 뒤처지게 될 가능성이 커지고 있다. 러시아 정부의 디지털 경제 구축 전략은 당분간 매우 제한적인 범위의 협력에서 진행될 수밖에 없는 상황이지만 디지털 경제를 구축하기 위해 서구를 대체할 수 있는 협력 파트너를 찾아서 국제협력을 강화하는 방안을 고려할 수밖에 없다. 이에 동북아 지역의 국가는 러시아 입장에서 계속 고려할 수 있는 중요한 파트너이다. 현재의 고립된 러시아가 획기적인 전환점, 예를 들어 종전과 서구와의 신데탕트를 마련한다면 새로운 협력의 가능성을 최대화할 것이기에 러시아와 협력을 모색하는 국가들은 러시아의 디지털 경제 상황을 면밀하게 모니터링하면서 협력의 가능성을 살펴보는 노력을 계속할 필요가 있다.

아·태지역의 디지털무역 활성화를 위한 과제와 대응책에 관한 연구

한낙현 한국국제상학회 2022 國際商學 Vol.37 No.4

세계적인 무역환경이 빠르게 디지털 방식으로 전환되고 있다. 아시아태평양 지역은 이러한 변화의 중심에 서 있다. 전통적인 무역규범의 형성 과정에서 소외되었던 아시아태평양 지역이 이제는 세계적인 신통상 의제를 주도하고 있다. 신통상 의제 중에서 디지털 무역 관련 다자규범화의 가장 대표적 쟁점사항은 국경간 데이터 이동의 자유화 문제 및 데이터 현지화 요구문제 등을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 무역에 있어 개인정보의 보호 문제는 최근 클라우드 컴퓨팅 등 새로운 ICT 산업의 발달을 위해 데이터(정보)의 국경 간 이동이 자유롭고 안전하게 거래될 수 있는 환경을 마련함에 있어 개인정보 보호의 적절한 규제 수준과 데이터 현지화(localization) 또는 개인정보의 국외 이동에 대한 규제 문제를 중심으로 분석한 후 이들 문제에 대해 다자간·양자간 대응책을 제시하고 있다.

A transdisciplinary Study on Museums in Korea as Cultural Mediators Centring on the Asia Culture Centre in the Era of Digital Transformation

박계연 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2022 에피스테메 Vol.- No.27

Based on epistemological changes in museums, this study aims to explore the role of museums as cultural mediators in the era of digital transformation, while ascertaining changes in the museum mediation arising in tandem with the development of digital technology. By examining two cases of the Asia Culture Centre (ACC) from an actor-network perspective, this study delves into the complicated interactions and alliance processes among various interested parties - political, economic, social, cultural, and technological actors - and power generated through their relationships and shared across them. This study will pave the way for active discussions on how to assist museums in adopting a convergence approach to digital technology and integrating it into their practices in an efficient and timely manner.