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디지털문화 초기사 연구: 동아시아 지역횡단의 전자오락기·개인용 컴퓨터 복제를 중심으로
조동원 한국언론정보학회 2019 한국언론정보학보 Vol.98 No.-
This article, exploring an early history of digital culture in South Korea, focuses on adopting of digital technologies and shaping of digital culture from below: complements to the state-driven institutions and policies-oriented historiography. Electronic entertainment (arcade videogame) and personal computer that appeared in the late 1970s are examined as first digital media made accessible to the public; and non-institutional actors and their practices for the first adoption and reception of them are analyzed in terms of translocality and undercurrents. Both of them were copied and cheaply distributed in an unauthorized way at the Cheonggyecheon electronics market in Seoul, for and during which translocal undercurrents in the region of East Asia took place: informal ways of procuring the integrated circuits as an essential but not domestically available component from subcontracted factories of semiconductors and the peddler trade with Japan; exports of copied arcade game circuit-boards overseas along with the technicians sent for their maintenance and repair; and circulations of copying techniques of Apple II among bootleggers from Taiwan to Hong Kong and Singapore to South Korea. While those actors like repair technicians and peddlers crossed and recomposed the multi-layered boundaries between global/local, formal/informal, design/use, or technology/culture, their translocal practices and undercurrents enabled cheap reproduction and distribution of those digital media to the public, which contributed to the early shaping of digital culture from below.