Is Surface Diffusion an Important Transport Mechanism in Rocks?

Chung-Kyun Park,Nak-Kyu Kim,Jae-Kwang Lee,Jang-Soon Kwon 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

Various diffusion experiments using geologic media have been carried out and it is often assumed that aqueous diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism. However, in some cases diffusive migration has been much faster than predicted in the model simulation. To explain such results surface diffusion of sorbing species was invoked. Experimental results were generally open to interpretation but possible existence of surface diffusion, whereby sorbed radionuclides could potentially migrate at much enhanced rates, necessitated investigation. The potential for surface diffusion of some sorbing nuclides on through-diffusion experiments using domestic rocks was examined. The apparent diffusion coefficients for sorbing cations were determined from their steady-state diffusion flux through rocks disks, while effective and pore diffusion coefficients were obtained with non-sorbing tracers through the same rocks. Diffusive transport models through domestic granites and granodiorites based only on pore diffusion did not often described adequately for sorbing cations. Thus, surface diffusion should be considered. Then what was the most important measure to estimate surface diffusion? As far as we examine, the sorption reversibility provides a hint of surface diffusion. The reversible sorbing species, for example, Sr, has a remarkable surface diffusion contribution, whereas surface diffusion has a relatively small contribution for irreversibly sorbing species such as Cs and Am under domestic experimental conditions.

Diffusion kinetics governing the diffusivity and diffusion anisotropy of alloying anodes in Na-ion batteries

Park, Jun-Hyoung,Choi, Yong-Seok,Byeon, Young-Woon,Ahn, Jae-Pyoung,Lee, Jae-Chul unknown 2019 Nano energy Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Diffusion in alloying anode materials was previously viewed as solute diffusion in conventional alloys. However, solute diffusion, neglecting the presence of a thin intermediate reaction layer between the unreacted anode material and inflowing carrier ions, is insufficient to account for the diffusion kinetics in alloying anodes and their influence on the electrochemical properties of batteries. Here, by performing a comparative study on Na-Sb and Na-Sn battery systems displaying differing diffusion kinetics, we establish the relationship between diffusion kinetics and electrochemical properties for batteries. <I>In situ</I> microelectrochemical experiments show that sodiation in Na-Sb and Na-Sn systems is governed by an interface-controlled reaction (ICR) and a diffusion-controlled reaction (DCR), respectively, causing them to display significantly different diffusion rates, diffusion anisotropy, and possibly self-limiting diffusion of carrier ions. Density functional theory calculations are performed to elucidate the structural origin of the observed diffusion behaviors. It is found that the different degrees of structural stability evaluated for the propagating interfaces of the two systems are responsible for the differing diffusion kinetics, which in turn determine the respective diffusion rates and diffusion anisotropy of the anode materials. The present study provides crude yet quantitative guidelines for selecting battery materials and can be used to develop fast-charging batteries with high stability and improved cycle life.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Relationship between diffusion kinetics and electrochemical properties of alloying anodes is established. </LI> <LI> Diffusion behaviors and associated diffusion kinetics of Sb and Sn anodes are explored using <I>in situ</I> sodiation experiments. </LI> <LI> First-principles calculations are conducted to elucidate the structural origins of the observed diffusion behaviors. </LI> <LI> Systems obeying diffusion-controlled reaction generally display faster diffusion rates and isotropic diffusion. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

High-Resolution Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging for Evaluating Myocardial Anisotropy and Fiber Tracking at 3T: the Effect of the Number of Diffusion- Sensitizing Gradient Directions

최상일,강준원,전은주,최성훈,임태환 대한영상의학회 2010 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.11 No.1

Objective: We wanted to evaluate the effect of the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions on the image quality for evaluating myocardial anisotropy and fiber tracking by using in vitro diffusion tensor MR imaging (DT-MRI). Materials and Methods: The DT-MR images, using a SENSE-based echoplanar imaging technique, were acquired from ten excised porcine hearts by using a 3T MR scanner. With a b-value of 800 s/mm2, the diffusion tensor images were obtained for 6, 15 and 32 diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions at the midventricular level. The number of tracked fibers, the fractional anisotropy (FA), and the length of the tracked fibers were measured for the quantitative analysis. Two radiologists assessed the image quality of the fiber tractography for the qualitative analysis. Results: By increasing the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions from 6 to 15, and then to 32, the FA and standard deviation were significantly reduced (p < 0.01), and the number of tracked fibers and the length of the tracked fibers were significantly increased (p < 0.01). The image quality of the fiber tractography was significantly increased with the increased number of diffusionsensitizing gradient directions (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The image quality of in vitro DT-MRI is significantly improved as the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions is increased. Objective: We wanted to evaluate the effect of the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions on the image quality for evaluating myocardial anisotropy and fiber tracking by using in vitro diffusion tensor MR imaging (DT-MRI). Materials and Methods: The DT-MR images, using a SENSE-based echoplanar imaging technique, were acquired from ten excised porcine hearts by using a 3T MR scanner. With a b-value of 800 s/mm2, the diffusion tensor images were obtained for 6, 15 and 32 diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions at the midventricular level. The number of tracked fibers, the fractional anisotropy (FA), and the length of the tracked fibers were measured for the quantitative analysis. Two radiologists assessed the image quality of the fiber tractography for the qualitative analysis. Results: By increasing the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions from 6 to 15, and then to 32, the FA and standard deviation were significantly reduced (p < 0.01), and the number of tracked fibers and the length of the tracked fibers were significantly increased (p < 0.01). The image quality of the fiber tractography was significantly increased with the increased number of diffusionsensitizing gradient directions (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The image quality of in vitro DT-MRI is significantly improved as the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions is increased.

False diffusion in numerical simulation of combustion processes in tangential-fired furnace

Xuchang Xu,Zhigang Wang,Yuqun Zhuo,Changhao Zheng 대한기계학회 2007 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.21 No.11

Numerical simulation serves as one of the most important tools for analyzing coal combustion in Tangentially Fired Furnaces (TFF) with NUMERICAL FALSE DIFFUSION as one key problem that degrades the simulation accuracy, especially for complex flow patterns. False diffusion often completely compromises the accuracy, leading to erroneous predictions. This paper reviews various methods to reduce the numerical diffusion. In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), false diffusion originates from a truncation error of the Taylor series approximation of the derivative and multidimensional discretization effects. Higher-order upwind convective schemes were designed to reduce truncation errors, while grid line adjusting methods were developed to reduce crossflow diffusion. This paper compares numerical and experimental results for isothermal flows to evaluate these methods. Results with the standard upwind scheme in a rectangular Cartesian mesh are compared with results in body-fitted meshes for comprehensive combustion processes in a TFF. Analysis of the false diffusion effect in the x, y, z directions and the artificial viscosity distribution in a rectangular mesh shows where the false diffusion overtakes the real physical diffusion and where the mesh must be refined or grid line must be adjusted to improve TFF combustion simulations.

Angular resolution enhancement technique for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using predicted diffusion gradient directions

Lee, Mun Bae,Kim, Yeon Hyang,Jahng, Geon-Ho,Kwon, Oh-In Elsevier 2018 NeuroImage Vol.183 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Anisotropic diffusion MRI techniques using single-shell or multi-shell acquisitions have been proposed as a means to overcome some limitations imposed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), especially in complex models of fibre orientation distribution in voxels. A long acquisition time for the angular resolution of diffusion MRI is a major obstacle to practical clinical implementations. In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve angular resolution of diffusion MRI acquisition using given diffusion gradient (DG) directions. First, we define a local diffusion pattern map of diffusion MR signals on a single shell in given DG directions. Using the local diffusion pattern map, we design a prediction scheme to determine the best DG direction to be synthesized within a nearest neighborhood DG directions group. Second, the local diffusion pattern map and the spherical distance on the shell are combined to determine a synthesized diffusion signal in the new DG direction. Using the synthesized and measured diffusion signals on a single sphere, we estimate a spin orientation distribution function (SDF) with human brain data. Although the proposed method is applied to SDF, a basic idea is to increase the angular resolution using the measured diffusion signals in various DG directions. The method can be applicable to different acquired multi-shell data or diffusion spectroscopic imaging (DSI) data. We validate the proposed method by comparing the recovered SDFs using the angular resolution enhanced diffusion signals with the recovered SDF using the measured diffusion data. The developed method provides an enhanced SDF resolution and improved multiple fiber structure by incorporating synthesized signals. The proposed method was also applied neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) using multi-shell acquisitions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel method to improve angular resolution of DWI signals is proposed. </LI> <LI> The method is based on local diffusion pattern maps of diffusion MR signals on a single and/or multi shells. </LI> <LI> The method provides an enhanced SDF resolution and improved multiple fiber structures. </LI> <LI> The proposed angular resolution improvement is achieved without increasing MR scan time. </LI> </UL> </P>

광고성 트윗과 비광고성 트윗의 확산 특성 비교 연구: 전자담배 트윗을 중심으로

백현미,이새롬,백혜진 한국정보사회학회 2019 정보사회와 미디어 Vol.20 No.1

As social media allows people to share information and has an influence on individual opinions, firms focus on marketing using social media. This study aims to explore how firms’ commercial tweets are diffused. To do so, we compared the diffusion characteristics of commercial tweets and non-commercial tweets for electronic cigarettes, which garnered attention as substitutes after the South Korea government’s announcement to raise the price of traditional tobacco as a policy. We gathered 59,147 tweets containing the keyword “electronic cigarette” from September 11, 2014 to December 10, 2015. We categorized the collected tweets into commercial tweets and non- commercial tweets using the Naïve Bayes classification method. This study investigated the diffusion trends of commercial tweets and diffusion network between commercial tweets and users. Furthermore, the diffusion characteristics of commercial and non-commercial tweets were compared in terms of diffusion quantity, diffusion speed, and diffusion duration. An analysis of diffusion trends in each period found that the quantity of commercial tweets tended to increase sharply even when there was no particular issue unlike public opinion trends. A network analysis between commercial tweets and users revealed that there were user groups who tried to diffuse commercial tweets intentionally. Moreover, even though commercial tweets had more diffusion quantity than non-commercial tweets, their diffusion speed was slower and their diffusion duration was longer than non-commercial tweets. 소셜미디어는 개인의 생각이나 의견, 정보 등을 공유할 수 있는 환경을 제공함으로써, 사회전반에 큰 영향을 미치게 되었다. 이에 기업들은 소셜미디어를 통한 마케팅 활동에 주목하고 있으나, 소셜미디어 마케팅을 위한 콘텐츠 확산 전략에 대한 연구는 거의 진행되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소셜미디어 마케팅 전략 도출을 위한 기초 연구로 소셜미디어 마케팅을 위한 광고성 트윗이 어떻게 확산되는지 그 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 일반 궐련 담배 가격 인상 정책 발표와 함께 대체재로 주목받았던 전자담배에 대한 광고성 트윗과 비광고성 트윗의 확산 특성에 대해 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 2014년 9월 11일부터 2015년 12월 10일까지 “전자담배”라는 키워드를 포함하고 있는 트윗 59,147개를 대상으로, 나이브 베이지안 방법을 활용하여 광고성 트윗과 비광고성 트윗을 분류한 후, 광고성 트윗의 시기별 확산 추이, 유저들의 리트윗 확산 형태를 탐색적으로 살펴보았다. 더 나아가, 리트윗이 10회 이상 이루어진 트윗들의 확산 특성을 확산 양, 확산 속도, 확산 기간을 중심으로 비교하였다. 시기별 확산 추이 분석 결과, 일반 여론 추이와는 달리 특정 이슈가 없는 시점에도 광고성 트윗 양이 급증하는 경향을 보였으며, 광고성 트윗 글과 유저와의 네트워크 분석 결과, 광고성 트윗 글을 의도적으로 확산시키고자 하는 유저 그룹들이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 광고성 트윗은 비광고성 트윗에 비해 확산 양이 많은 편임에도 불구하고 확산 속도가 느리고, 확산 기간은 긴 것으로 나타났다.

디지털융합서비스의 수용, 사용, 확산에 관한 연구 : 혁신확산에 관한 수용-확산 및 사용-확산의 통합적 접근

송영화(Yeong-Wha Sawng),임명환(Myung-Hwan Rim),김승호(Seong-Ho Kim),元橋一之(Kazuyuki Motohashi) 한국데이타베이스학회 2010 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.17 No.2

This study takes a holistic approach to understand the diffusion of IPTV services by combining the adoption-diffusion model and the use-diffusion model of innovation. IPTV service, a leading digital converged application coupling media content with telecommunications, has been recently launched commercially in Korea. We created a structural model of adoption-diffusion, using the perceived easeof-use and usefulness of TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) as mediating variables, and a structural model of use-diffusion, with the rate of use and the variety of use as mediating variables. To empirically analyze these models, non-users of IPTV were surveyed using the adoption-diffusion model to identify factors influencing their intention to subscribe to the service. Meanwhile, users of IPTV were surveyed using the use-diffusion model to determine the factors that influence their satisfaction with the service and their intention to re-use it. Under the adoption-diffusion model, we found that trialability, household innovativeness and perceived risk were the determinants of user satisfaction with IPTV, and perceived ease-of-use, the mediating factors. Under the use-diffusion model, complementarity and communication were shown to be the determinants of users’ satisfaction with IPTV, and variety of use, the mediating factor. We also found that consumers’ intention to re-use IPTV was strongly influenced by its relative advantage and perceived risk.

정치적 및 상징적 효율성이 관리혁신의 확산에 미치는 영향과 이들에 대한 조절요인에 대한 연구

이경묵(Kyungmook Lee),박미혜(Mihye Park) 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 2009 인사조직연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구에서는 제도이론의 관점을 활용하여 관리혁신의 속성인 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 관리혁신의 확산에 미치는 영향을 논의하였다. 첫째, 정치적 효율성을 논의하면서 관리혁신의 확산을 추진하는 주체가 행사하는 영향력이 크 고 확산을 강제하는 정도가 강할수록, 그리고 혁신이 조직 내부 권력연합의 권력기반을 강화해줄수록 빠르게 확산될 것이라는 가설을 제시하였다. 둘째, 상징적 효율성을 논의하면서 사회적 지위가 높은 조직에서 고안하여 활용한 혁신, 권위있는 전문기관에서 추천하는 혁신, 사회진보와 정의구현에 도움을 주는 것으로 인정되는 혁신, 기존 제도들과의 적합성이 높은 혁신, 재발명된 혁신이 빠르게 확산될 것이라는 가설을 제시하였다. 셋째, 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 확산속도에 미치는 영향을 조절하는 요인들을 탐색하였다. 관리혁신이 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 높다고 해서 항상 빠르게 확산되지는 않는다. 다수의 조직과 조직내부의 권력 연합에게 큰 희생을 요구하는 혁신의 경우에는, 채택여부를 고민하는 의사결정자들이 혁신을 채택함으로써 얻을 수 있는 정치적 정당성의 확보와 상징적 평판의 고양을 포기할 수도 있기 때문이다. 따라서 혁신채택에 필수적으로 수반되는 비용과 희생이 작을수록 정치적 및 상징적 효율성이 확산에 미치는 영향이 강해질 것이다. 이런 조절요인으로 본 연구에서는 채택 여부의 가시성, 혁신의 독자성, 상징적 채택의 용이성을 검토하였다. 또 다른 조절요인으로 혁신의 채택이 근본적인 조직변화를 요구하는지의 여부, 핵심부 인력의 변화를 요구하는지의 여부를 검토하였다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본 연구의 제도이론에 대한 잠재적 공헌, 연구의 한계, 그리고 미래 연구방향을 제시하였다. This paper proposes empirically testable hypotheses regarding the effects of the attributes of innovation on its diffusion. Based on the review of extant literature, this study suggests that “politically efficient,” and “symbolically efficient” innovations will have high diffusion rates. First, politically efficient innovation is defined to be one that satisfies interest of strong external stakeholders or interest of inside power coalition of an organization. We hypothesize that when the external stakeholder promoting the diffusion of an innovation shields a greater power on organizations and a strong will to coerce its adoption to those organizations, the innovation will diffuse faster. Also, we propose that an innovation strengthening the power basis of extant power coalition will diffuse faster than the innovation weakening it. Second, symbolically efficient innovation is defined to be one that enhances reputation and modern image of adopting organizations. We propose that an innovation designed and used by organizations with high social status, an innovation recommended by prestigious professional association, or an innovation contributing social progress and justice will diffuse faster. We also suggest that an innovation closely related to existing practices or an innovation that was reinvented from existing dominant practices will exhibit higher diffusion rates. Third, this study investigates additional innovation attributes that moderate the effect of political and symbolic efficiency of an innovation on its diffusion. When the adoption and implementation of an innovation incurs a great deal of cost, organizations can give up its adoption even though the innovation is politically and symbolically efficient and thus the effects of political and symbolic efficiencies on innovation diffusion will become weaker. Specifically, we discuss the moderating effect of visibility of innovation adoption, easiness of decoupling innovation adoption from its implementation, and independence of an innovation from extant practices. Moreover, we suggest that adoption of an innovation that demands radical organizational change, or affects core organizational members will be costly. Thus, we propose the moderating effects of those attributes in innovation diffusion process. As future research directions, we suggest that future research can explore generalized diffusion model that can explain diffusion of both organizational innovations and technological innovations. Empirical research that can test hypotheses proposed in this paper will be valuable. Meta-analysis on extant diffusion literature can be the first step to empirically test those hypotheses. Other option is to collect diffusion data of diverse organizational innovations that exhibit varying diffusion rates and analyze the data by using innovation itself as a unit of analysis.

한류 콘텐츠의 온라인 확산에 관한 연구: 국가 간 문화적 차이를 중심으로

홍재원,박승배 한국마케팅관리학회 2014 마케팅관리연구 Vol.19 No.1

This study is the global spread of cultural content of Korean Wave(Hallyu). In existed studies, it was recognized the importance of Korean Wave diffusion. But the importance of the cultural influence of countries with relatively less interest in diffusion of Korean Wave. In addition, it was difficult that explain diffusion of Korean Wave using empirical data to show worldwide spread of Korean Wave. Therefore, this study will be trying to investigate cultural effect of countries in the global diffusion of the Korean Wave through empirical data of "Gangnam style" Korean Wave diffusion phenomenonThe theoretical background of the cultural values ​​of Hofstede, on the basis of data that was collected through the "Google Trends", we investigate the cultural effect on the global diffusion of the Korean wave. Results of the study, the diffusion of Korean Wave influenced by ICT environment and specific cultural differences between nations. It is as follows in more detail. First, the Korean Wave is well diffused in the country with strong individualism and large power distance. For the diffusion of Korean Wave, we should keep an eye on the country of large tendency of social unequality. Also we have to consider the country of the individual freedom and achievement are considered very meaningful. Second, the individualism, uncertainty avoidance, the network index and the brand index influence on the diffusion timing of the Korean Wave. In other words, Starting of Korean Wave is well in the country which brand index is low. And the diffusion take-off is good in the country with well ICT environment and low uncertainty avoidance. In the country with strong individualism, Inflection is tendency to last. These results is likely to help developing diffusion strategy of Korean Wave according to the diffusion time. Third, the Korean Wave lasts for a long time after take-off in the country with a high network index and low brand index respectively. This shows that we should target the country with low brand index for the mega hit of Korean Wave. And we have to use the Internet and network environment such as social media utilization. 본 연구는 한류 콘텐츠의 온라인 글로벌 확산에 대한 연구이다. 기존의 연구들은 한류 확산의 중요성은 인식하고 있었으나 한류 확산에 있어 각국의 문화적 영향에 대한 중요성은 상대적으로 덜 관심을 가졌다. 또한 한류 콘텐츠의 전 세계적인 확산을 확인해 줄 실증적인 자료로 한류 콘텐츠의 확산을 설명하기도 어려웠다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전 세계적인 한류 확산의 자료가 확인되는 ‘강남스타일’ 한류확산 현상을 중심으로 한류 콘텐츠의 글로벌 확산에 각국의 문화적 영향을 실증자료를 통해 파악하고자 한다. 홉스테드의 문화가치를 이론적 배경으로 하여 ‘구글 트렌드’를 통해 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 한류의 글로벌 확산현상에 미치는 문화적 영향을 파악하고 있다. 연구결과 한류 콘텐츠의 확산은 국가 간 특정한 문화적 차이와 ICT환경이 중요한 영향요인인 것으로 나타났다. 이를 세부적으로 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한류 콘텐츠는 권력거리가 크고 개인주의 성향이 강한 국가에서 확산이 잘되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 사회 내 불평등 기조가 상대적으로 큰 국가나 개인의 자유와 성취가 중요시 되는 국가를 대상으로 한류 확산 노력을 기울여야 함을 의미한다. 둘째, 한류 콘텐츠의 확산시점은 개인주의, 불확실회피성, 네트워크지수 및 브랜드지수가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 확산시작은 ICT 환경이 좋고 브랜드지수는 낮은 국가에서 빨리 일어나고, 확산이륙은 ICT 환경이 좋고 불확실회피 성향이 낮은 국가에서 빨리 일어나며, 확산변곡은 개인주의 성향이 강한 국가에서 늦어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 한류 콘텐츠 확산의 확산시기별 전략 수립에 도움을 줄 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 한류 콘텐츠는 네트워크지수가 높고 브랜드지수는 낮은 국가에서 확산이륙 후 지속적인 확산을 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 우리가 한류의 지속적인 확산을 위해서 인지도가 상대적으로 낮은 국가를 대상으로 인터넷과 소셜미디어를 활용하는 등의 네트워크 활용전략을 펼칠 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

THE EFFECT OF POP CULTURE INVOLVEMENT ON DESTINATION IMAGE FORMATION AND ITS PERCEPTION : FOCUSED ON GLOBAL DIFFUSION PROCESS OF KOREAN WAVE

Haesung Whang,Ting Zhang,Sung Hwa Yong,Eunju Ko 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.2

All aspects of individual consumer as well as situational affecting on decisions are influenced by the social and cultural structure in which the consumer is embedded. Recently, there has been a growing worldwide phenomenon whereby tourists visit an attraction or destination as a result of that place being portrayed or represented in the popular cultural forms of the media that are not directly related with tourism promotion or marketing. A number of studies have suggested that such portrayals and features of mass media can act as powerful forces that stimulate tourism demand (Beeton, 2001). Representations and images of tourist destinations constructed by popular cultural forms of media such as films, television and literature play a significant role in influencing people’s holiday decision-making process (Iwashita, 2006). Where trade in images, expectations, dreams, and fantasies are made in tourism (Selwyn, 1996), those media representations and images of tourist destinations play a significant role in influencing people’s decision-making process. The tourism industry also is increasing appliance of images that are drawn from popular culture associated with places to promote tourist destinations and to distinguish themselves from each other. While these researches contribute to the understanding of the influence of pop culture on tourism phenomena, only few studies have investigated on the actual linkage between the pop culture and tourism perceptions/behaviors. The reason why pop culture involvement can be related to the actual intention to visit is due to the fandom created relating to the pop culture. The notion of fandom has been put forward in order to understand the link in between the pop culture and the mass audience in diverse realms (Couldry, 2007). Fandom in recent years have been understood to dismiss the negative view of pathological and the stem for alienating qualities of modern society, and accepted as a phenomena widely spread in post-industrial societies (Jenson, 1992). It is then when transitional moment takes place, in the head and heart of the fan or tourist, that the fascination begins which provides the motivation to visit the locations (Reijnders, 2011). With such cultural industries in modern society constantly produce countless contents that can be utilized as objects of fandom, resulting in actual visit to a place associated with a specific destination serving as an effective strategy for building popular cultural capital in modern society. It was therefore decided to investigate this phenomenon in more depth through empirical research to investigate how and to what extent popular cultural forms of the media (those not directly associated with tourism and destination marketing) have an effect on international tourism, and future, to identify what roles they play in influencing tourists from emerging market in terms of their travel destination image and their perception about places to visit within the chosen destination. The phenomenon in this study focuses on the Korean wave, so called Hallyu, as it is one of the pop culture phenomenon that has gained much recognition across not only within Asian countries but also recently in Western countries via pop songs, soap operas, movies, and other forms of mass media entertainment. In this study, diffusion model suggested by Rogers (1995) was used. The diffusion of Rogers’s innovation framework is proving flexible enough to conceptualize many kinds of social change, including change through processes of public dialogue and civic participation, change within organizations, as well as change through public agenda setting and media effects. Many studies have incorporated diffusion theory to explain such cultural phenomenon to gain more enrich result, however, no other studies have looked into the degree of diffusion stage in a macro level according to the regions. However, to obtain the overall view of the diffusion of such pop culture, it is needed to see the diffusion process proceeding globally as even the same fandom may differ in characteristics based on not only the diffusion stage but also its distinctive characteristics of social system. As a result, according to the diffusion stage of Hallyu, it is expected to differ in formation and perception on destination image. Previous studies identify destination image into cognition and affect which are two conceptually different, yet highly correlated components (Lee, 2008). The cognitive component leading to some internally accepted attributes, a more or less derived from factual information. On the other hand, the affective component relates to a diffusive feeling, which can become important when a decision to travel is actually considered (Russel, 1980). Such image constructed by tourists contains an individual or group perception of a particular place (Fakeye and Crompton 1991). It is expected that the image construction will vary according to the stage of the diffusion. This study incorporates diffusion theory to develop a better understanding of the diffusion process and the current situation of the Korean Wave globally to see whether such diffusion process varies according to region. Then, the effect of such difference in diffusion stages on the intention to visit the destination country was investigated. Thus, preliminary research was conducted first to see the Korean Wave phenomenon globally. In order to analyze the diffusion stage thoroughly, three regions of Asia, America, and Europe were selected. According to the diffusion degree of the Korean wave, seven representative countries were elected regarded to the regions. Along with literatures, in-depth interviews were conducted. The semi-structured form with an interview guide method was presented with reflexive interviewing techniques in order to ensure comprehensiveness (Athos & Gabarro, 1978). Then, a survey was conducted to examine the effect of pop culture involvement on formation and perception