상아세관의 주행방향에 따른 상아질 접착제의 침투양상에 대한 공초점레이저주사현미경 연구

김동준,황윤찬,김선호,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.5

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the penetration pattern of dentin adhesives according to the orientation of dentinal tubules with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Specimens having perpendicular. parallel and oblique surface to dentinal tubules were fabricated. The primer of dentin adhesives (ALL BOND 2, CLEARFIL SE BOND and PQ1) was mixed with fluorescent material. rhodamine B isothio cyanate (Aldrich Cherm. CO., Milw., USA), It was applied to the specimens according to the instructions of manufactures. The specimens were covered with composite resin (Estelite, shade A2) and then cut to a thickness of 500 ㎛ with low speed saw (Isomet, Buehler, USA). The adhesive pattern of dentin adhesives were observed by fluorescence image using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. For the groups with tubules perpendicular to bonded surface, funnel shape of resin tag was observed in all specimen. However. resin tags were more prominent in phosphoric acid etching system (ALL BOND 2 and PQ1) than self etching system (CLEARFIL SE BOND). 2. For the groups with tubules parallel to bonded surface. rhodamine labeled primer penetrated into peritubular dentin parallel to the orientation of dentinal tubules. But rhodamine labeled primer of PQ1 diffused more radially into surrounding intertubular dentin than other dentin adhesive systems. 3. For the groups with tubules oblique to bonded surface. resin tags appeared irregular and discontinuous. But they penetrated deeper into dentinal tubules than other groups.

수종의 치근면 처치 방법에 따른 상아질 지각 과민 변화 및 표면 특성에 관한 연구

권순영,임성빈,정진형,Kwon, Soon-Young,Lim, Sung-Bin,Chung, Chin-Hyung 대한치주과학회 1999 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.29 No.1

Exposure of the root surface due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic irritation. Especially patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency. There have been reports that the 1 out of 7 patients complains of dentinal hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride and potassium oxalate and to observe the relationship between the dentinal hypersensitivity and surface characteristics such as dentinal tubule size and number. This study included 20 teeth which were scheduled for extraction and had no pulpal disease. These teeth were divided into Root planing group, EDTA group, NaCl group and Oxalate group. Dentinal hypersensitivity is measured by tactile, pressured air and cold water using NRS (Numerical Rating Scales). Teeth were extracted under local anesthesia and each specimen was sectioned to a size about 3 X 5 mm and was examined under the scanning electron microscope (X2,000) The results were as follows, 1. The EDTA group exhibited significantly increased dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the other groups. 2. The NaCl and Oxalate groups showed significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the EDTA group. 3. As a method for dentinal hypersensitivity measurement, it was presumed thet tactile sensitivity test was not sensitive method but air blast test and cold water test were adequate method. 4. In a SEM study, the root planing group exhibited amorphous smear layer and showed no dentinal tubule orifice, but the EDTA group showed the large number of dentinal tubules. On the other hand, the NaCl and Oxalate groups did not show exposed dentinal tubules. The NaCl group showed more rough root surface than the EDTA group, and the Oxalate group showed many participates to be presumed as calcium oxalate particle. As the results from this study, root planing couldn't expose the dentinal tubule and NaCl and potassium oxalate occluded exposed dentinal tubule effectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity has close relationship with the exposure of dentinal tubules, especially with it's size and number.

Microorganism penetration in dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal walls. In vitro SEM study

Saad Al-Nazhan,Alaa Al-Sulaiman,Fellwa Al-Rasheed,Fatimah Alnajjar,Bander Al-Abdulwahab,Abdulhakeem Al-Badah 대한치과보존학회 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to investigate the ability of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to penetrate dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal surface of split human teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty intact extracted human single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups, negative control, positive control without canal instrumentation, instrumented, and retreated. Root canals in the instrumented group were enlarged with endodontic instruments, while root canals in the retreated group were enlarged, filled, and then removed the canal filling materials. The teeth were split longitudinally after canal preparation in 3 groups except the negative control group. The teeth were inoculated with both microorganisms separately and in combination. Teeth specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of penetration into the dentinal tubules was assessed using the SMILE view software (JEOL Ltd). Results: Penetration of C. albicans and E. faecalis into the dentinal tubules was observed in all 3 groups, although penetration was partially restricted by dentin debris of tubules in the instrumented group and remnants of canal filling materials in the retreated group. In all 3 groups, E. faecalis penetrated deeper into the dentinal tubules by way of cell division than C. albicans which built colonies and penetrated by means of hyphae. Conclusions: Microorganisms can easily penetrate dentinal tubules of root canals with different appearance based on the microorganism size and status of dentinal tubules.

Microorganism penetration in dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal walls. In vitro SEM study

Al-Nazhan, Saad,Al-Sulaiman, Alaa,Al-Rasheed, Fellwa,Alnajjar, Fatimah,Al-Abdulwahab, Bander,Al-Badah, Abdulhakeem The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to investigate the ability of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to penetrate dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal surface of split human teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty intact extracted human single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups, negative control, positive control without canal instrumentation, instrumented, and retreated. Root canals in the instrumented group were enlarged with endodontic instruments, while root canals in the retreated group were enlarged, filled, and then removed the canal filling materials. The teeth were split longitudinally after canal preparation in 3 groups except the negative control group. The teeth were inoculated with both microorganisms separately and in combination. Teeth specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of penetration into the dentinal tubules was assessed using the SMILE view software (JEOL Ltd). Results: Penetration of C. albicans and E. faecalis into the dentinal tubules was observed in all 3 groups, although penetration was partially restricted by dentin debris of tubules in the instrumented group and remnants of canal filling materials in the retreated group. In all 3 groups, E. faecalis penetrated deeper into the dentinal tubules by way of cell division than C. albicans which built colonies and penetrated by means of hyphae. Conclusions: Microorganisms can easily penetrate dentinal tubules of root canals with different appearance based on the microorganism size and status of dentinal tubules.

불소도포 및 지각과민처치제 적용 후 상아세관 폐쇄효과와 지속력 평가

이예진 ( Ye-jin Lee ),정문진 ( Moon-jin Jeong ),안용순 ( Yong-soon Ahn ),천수경 ( Su-kyung Cheun ),정순정 ( Soon-jeong Jeong ),임도선 ( Do-seon Lim ) 한국치위생과학회 2016 치위생과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구는 치과병·의원에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 불소화합물과 지각과민처치제의 상아세관 폐쇄효과를 비교분석하고, 전동칫솔질을 시행하여 시간경과에 따른 유효성 분의 지속력을 평가하고자 하였다. 발거된 지 3개월 이내의 우식이나 수복, 보철물이 없는 건전한 사람의 대구치 35개를 선택하여 4등분하였고 이 중 135개의 시편을 본 연구에 사용하였다. 이들 시편을 아무런 처치를 하지 않은 대조군과 5개의 실험군으로 구분하였고, 실험군은 산성불화인산염, 불소바니쉬, Gluma, Super Seal, SE-Bond를 선정하여 대상치아에 도포하였다. 이후 1주(140회), 2주(280회), 4주 (560회)에 해당하는 전동칫솔질을 시행하였고, 각 시편별 3 부위를 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 상아세관 폐쇄도를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 전동칫솔질 시행 1주, 2주, 4주에서 모두 불소바니쉬 도포군의 상아세관 폐쇄도가 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 SE-Bond 도포군이 높게 나타났다. 또한 Gluma 도포군은 다른 실험군에 비해 가장 낮은 상아세관 폐쇄도를 나타냈으며, 칫솔질 시행 4주에서는 Gluma 도포군과 Super Seal 도포군이 다른 실험군에 비해 낮은 상아세관 폐쇄도를 나타냈다. 본 연구를 종합하면, 처치 4주 후에도 불소바니쉬와 SE-Bond는 다른 실험군에 비해 상아세관 폐쇄도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 임상에서 지각과민 치료 시 불소바니쉬와 SE-Bond의 사용이 효과적일 것으로 생각된다 This study compared and analyzed the occluding effects of fluoride compounds and desensitizers, which are commonly used in dental clinics, on dentinal tubules. This study also evaluated the persistence of the active ingredients over time by performing toothbrushing with an electric toothbrush. Thirty-five molar teeth, which had been extracted within the past 3 months from healthy people without tooth decays, amalgam fillings, or dental crowns, were divided into 4 pieces each. Of these, 135 teeth pieces were used as study specimens. These specimens were divided into a control group, an untreated group, and 5 experimental groups (acidulated fluoride gel, fluoride varnish, Gluma, Super Seal, and SE-Bond). The specimens were then subjected to toothbrushing equivalent to 1 week (140 times), 2 weeks (280 times), and 4 weeks (560 times), and the occluding effects on dentinal tubules in 3 regions of each specimen were examined under a scanning electron microscope. The fluoride varnish treated group showed the highest degree of dentinal tubule occlusion effects during the first, second, and fourth weeks of toothbrushing, with the SE-Bond treated group showing the second highest degree and the Gluma treated group showing the lowest degree. After 4 weeks of toothbrushing, the Gluma treated group and the Super Seal treated group showed the lowest degrees of dentinal tubule occlusion effects. In summary, the fluoride varnish treated group and the SE-Bond treated group displayed higher occlusion effects even after 4 weeks of treatment than did the other experimental groups. Therefore, it is the authors’ belief that fluoride varnish and SE-Bond are effective for treating dentinal hyperesthesia.

국내 시판중인 지각과민 완화 치약의 상아세관 폐쇄효과

이수영 ( Su Young Lee ) 한국치위생과학회 2011 치위생과학회지 Vol.11 No.5

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the short-term use of the desensitizing dentifrices marketed in Korea in vitro. Fifty human dentine specimens were wet ground with silicone carbide paper and etched with 6% citric acid for 90 seconds to allow complete opening of the dentinal tubule. Ten specimens from each group were brushed for 50 and 150 strokes with a V8 Cross Brushing Machine(Sabri Co., U. S. A). All the specimens were evaluated by SEM(×3000). The degree of occlusion of the dentinal tubules was quantified using an image analyzer. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey`s multiple comparisons using Window SPSS. The dentifrices containing nano-carbonate apatite, potassium nitrate and hydroxyapatite showed significantly higher occlusion effects than the other dentifrices after toothbrushing for 50 strokes(p<0.05). The Sensodyne freshmint(R)dentifrice showed 34% fewer open tubular areas compared with the Sensodyne original(R)dentifrice for 50 strokes. According to the short-term use of desensitizing dentifrices, the dentifrices containing nano-carbonate apatite, potassium nitrate and hydroxyapatite were most effective in occluding the dentinal tubules.

The Presence of Open Dentinal Tubules Affects the Biological Properties of Dental Pulp Cells Ex Vivo

Mei-Ying Shao,Zhong-Sen Fu,Ran Cheng,Hui Yang,Li Cheng,Feng-Ming Wang,Tao Hu 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.31 No.1

To investigate the effects of open dentinal tubules on the morphological and functional characteristics of dental pulp cells. Morphological changes in human dental pulp cells that were seeded onto dentin discs with open den-tinal tubules were investigated on days 1, 2, 4, and 10 of culture using scanning electron microscopy and fluores-cence microscopy. Samples collected on days 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10 of culture were evaluated for cell proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity. Cultured human dental pulp cells developed a columnar or polygonal morphology and monopolar cytoplasmic processes that extended into the dentinal tubules. The cells formed a multilayer and secreted an extracellular matrix onto the cell surface. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed polarized organization of odontoblasts. Cells seeded onto dentin discs prolifer-ated minimally but showed high levels of ALP activity. Dental pulp cells seeded onto treated dentin discs develop an odontoblast-like phenotype, which may be a potential alternative for use in experimental research on dentinogenesis.

Estimation of the Elastic Constants of Dentin

윤영준 한국정밀공학회 2013 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.14 No.2

The mechanical compatibility between the dentin and any restorative dental material plays is an important factor in selecting dental restorative materials. In this work we characterize the elastic constants of dentin by developing effective composite moduli estimates,based on either the assumption of a periodic distribution or the assumption of a dilute distribution. The estimated dentin elastic constants obtained are close to the experimentally measured dentin elastic constants determined by ultrasonic speed of sound (SOS)measurements and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The estimated dentin elastic constants obtained provide a database to be used in evaluating potential dental restorative materials and for computational models evaluation other situations involving dentin.

상아질 형성 부전증에 대한 증례보고

백병주,이승영,이두철,이승익,김재곤 大韓小兒齒科學會 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

상아질 형성 부전증은 상아질 형성에 이상을 초래하느 유전성 질환으로, 주로 상염색체 우성의 양상으로 유전된다. 제1형의 상아질 형성 부전증은 골 형성 부전증 환자에서 나타난다. 제2형 상아질 형성 부전증은 골 형성 부전증과 연관되지 않고 단독으로 나타난다. 제3형 상아질 형성 부전증은 brandywine type이라고도 하는데. 이 유형은 매우 드물며 상염색체 우성에 의해 유전되고, Maryland주에 사는 한정된 민족에서 관찰된다. 세가지 모든 유형에서 유치열과 영구치열 모두 다양한 임상 양상을 나타낸다. 치아는 유백색을 띠고, 청회색에서 황갈색까지 다양하게 변색되어 있다. 상아질은 비정상적으로 연하고, 상부의 법랑질을 기능적으로 지지하지 못한다. 비록 법랑질이 정상이라고 해도, 쉽게 파절되어 떨어져나가, 교합면이나 절단면쪽 상아질이 노출된다. 노출된 유약 상아질은 쉽고, 빠르고 심한 교모를 일으킨다. 치아는 구형의 치관과 협소화된 백악-법랑 경계 그리고 가는 치근을 나타낸다. 치수강과 치근관은 다양한 정도의 폐쇄상을 나타낸다. 백악질, 치주인대, 그리고 치조골은 정상 소견을 나타낸다. 상아질 형성 부전증에서 법랑질은 정상이다. 법랑질은 직하방의 mantle dentin은 거의 정상적이나, 나머지 상아질은 심각한 정도의 이형성을 나타낸다. 상아세관은 방향성을 상실하여 불규칙적이며, 정상보다 더 크고 공간도 넓다. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder of dentin formation, usually exhibiting an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. Type I dentinogenesis imperfecta occurs in patients afflicted with osteogenesis imperfecta. Type Ⅱ dentinogenesis imperfecta is not associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Type Ⅲdentinogenesis imperfecta (Brandywine type) occurs in a racial isolate area in the state of Maryland. In all three types, teeth of both dentitions are affected with variable clinical appearances. The teeth are opalescent with the color ranging from bluish-gray to brown to yellowish. The dentin is abnormally soft, providing inadequate functional support to the overlying enamel. Although the enamel is normal, it fractures or chips away easily, exposing the occlusal and incisal dentin. The exposed soft dentin often undergoes rapid and severe functional attrition. The teeth exhibit bulb-shaped crowns with constricted cementoenamel junctions and thin roots. The teeth will exhibit varying stages of obliteration of the coronal and root pulpal chambers. The cementum, periodontal ligament and supporting alveolar bone appear normal. The enamal is normal. The mantle dentin remains nearly normal, whereas the remaining dentin is severely dysplastic. The dentinal tubules are disoriented, irregular, widely spaced, and usually larger than normal.

Smear layer 처리에 따른 미세누출에 대한 연구

이정민,박상혁,최기운 대한치과보존학회 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.5

본 연구는 도말층 제거 여부에 따른 근관 밀폐효과를 평가하기 위해 단근관 치아를 3% NaOCI 하에서 Ni-Ti file을 이용하여 crown-down 법으로 근관 형성 후 최종세정제로 NaOCI을 사용한 군과 EDTA를 사용한 군, 6개월 보관한 NaOCI-6군과 EDTA-6군으로 분류하였다. Continuous wave법으로 근관 충전 시행 후 색소 침투를 시행한 다음 해부학적 근첨에서 1.5 mm(Level l), 3.0 mm(Level 2), 4.5 mm (Level 3)에서 수평절단 하여 누출률을 측정하였다. 1. 모든 실험군에서 평균 누출률은 치근단부에서 치경부로 갈수록 감소하였다. 2. NaOCI 군의 누출률이 EDTA 군보다 level l, 2, 3에서 높게 나타났으나 level l에서만 통계학적 유의차를 보였다 (p<0.05). 3. NaOCI-6 군의 누출률이 EDTA-6 군보다 Level l, 2, 3에서 높게 나타났으나 level l에서만 통계학적 유의차를 보였다 (p<0.05). 4. NaOCI-6 군의 누출률이 NaOCI 군에 비해 Level l, 2, 3에서 증가하였으나 level l에서만 통계학적 유의차를 보였다 (p<0.05). 5. EDTA-6 군의 누출률이 EDTA 군에 비해 Level l, 2, 3에서 증가하였으나 통계학적 유의차는 없었다. 6. 주사전자현미경 관찰 결과 NaOCI 군과 NaOCI-6 군은 도말층이 제거되지 않아 상아세관내로 sealer 및 근관충전 재가 침투하지 못한 반면, EDTA 군과 EDTA-6 군에서는 도말층이 제거되고 상아세관내로의 sealer와 근관충전 재의 침투가 관찰되었다. 이상의 연구결과 EDTA를 이용하여 도말층을 제거한 경우 근관충전 즉시와 6개월 후 치근단 1/3 부위의 근단부 미세누출을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of root canal obturation with or without the treatment of smear layer. Eighty extracted human teeth with one canal were selected. Instrumentation was performed with crown-down technique. After instrumentation, root canals of the NaOCI group and NaOC1-6 group were irrigated with 3% NaOCI. EDTA group and EDTA-6 group were irrigated with 17% EDTA. Then all teeth were obturated using continuous wave obturation technique. NaOCI group and EDTA group were immersed in methylene blue solution for 84hours. NaOCI-6 group and EDTA-6 group were immersed in methylene blue solution for 6months. The teeth were sectioned at 1.5 mm (Level 1), 3.0 mm (Level 2) and 4.5 mm (Level 3) from the root apex. The length of dye-penetrated interface and the circumferential length of canal at each level were measured using Sigma-Scan Pro 5.0. 1. The mean leakage ratio was decreased cervically. 2. NaOCI group showed higher mean leakage ratio than EDTA group at each level. But there was significant difference at level 1 only (p<0.05). 3. NaOCI-6 group showed higher mean leakage ratio than EDTA-6 group at each level. But there was significant difference at level 1 only (p<0.05). 4. NaOCI-6 group showed higher mean leakage ratio than NaOCI group at each level. But there was significant difference at level 1 only (p<0.05). 5. EDTA-6 group showed higher mean leakage ratio than EDTA group at each level. But there was no significant difference. 6. In NaOCI group and NaOCI-6 group, scanning electron micrographs of tooth sections generally covered with smear layer. In EDTA group and EDTA-6 group, tooth sections showing the penetration of sealers to opened dentinal tubules. The results suggest that removal of smear layer was effective to reduce the apical microleakage of the root canal.