Comparison of Research Topics on Transportation Decarbonization Between Asian and Non-Asian Regions: Using Topic Modeling and Machine Learning Algorithms

Tsolmon Bayarsaikhan,김태형 한국환경정책학회 2022 環境政策 Vol.30 No.-

The growing global interest to decarbonize the transportation industry has resulted in numerous scientific publications. This study reviews the rapidly expanding body of research and identifies the knowledge gaps in transport decarbonization between regions. This study employs a hybrid approach combining topic modeling and machine learning to identify research topics and their knowledge structures, and then compares the main debated topics between Asia and non-Asian regions. A dataset of 777 articles, including 410 Asian and 367 non-Asian articles, published between 1990 and 2022 was extracted from the Scopus database. The latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling results showed that five potential topics were derived from Asia, while six were derived from non-Asian regions, and the knowledge structure of each topic differed between the two regions. The K-nearest neighbor machine learning algorithm results indicated a 92% accuracy for Asian topics and an 89% accuracy for non-Asian topics. The findings suggest that the Asian studies focused on “energy use in transportation” and “drivers of CO2 emissions in transportation,” while the non-Asian studies focused on “electric vehicles” and “fuel consumption.” This paper will keep academics and practitioners updated on the paradigm shift in the research on transportation decarbonization.

Comparison of Research Topics on Transportation Decarbonization Between Asian and Non-Asian Regions: Using Topic Modeling and Machine Learning Algorithms

( Tsolmon Bayarsaikhan ),( Tae-hyoung Tommy Gim ) 한국환경연구원 2022 環境政策 Vol.30 No.5

The growing global interest to decarbonize the transportation industry has resulted in numerous scientific publications. This study reviews the rapidly expanding body of research and identifies the knowledge gaps in transport decarbonization between regions. This study employs a hybrid approach combining topic modeling and machine learning to identify research topics and their knowledge structures, and then compares the main debated topics between Asia and non-Asian regions. A dataset of 777 articles, including 410 Asian and 367 non-Asian articles, published between 1990 and 2022 was extracted from the Scopus database. The latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling results showed that five potential topics were derived from Asia, while six were derived from non-Asian regions, and the knowledge structure of each topic differed between the two regions. The K-nearest neighbor machine learning algorithm results indicated a 92% accuracy for Asian topics and an 89% accuracy for non-Asian topics. The findings suggest that the Asian studies focused on “energy use in transportation” and “drivers of CO2 emissions in transportation,” while the non-Asian studies focused on “electric vehicles” and “fuel consumption.” This paper will keep academics and practitioners updated on the paradigm shift in the research on transportation decarbonization.

글로벌 해운의 탈탄소화 전략에 관한 연구

한능호(Neung-Ho Han),김민재(Min-Jae Kim) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2020 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.47

Due to rapid globalization and expansion in global trade volume greenhouse gas derived from shipping has been radically increased, which triggers the climate changes. Therefore, IMO declared in MEPC 72 regarding mitigation strategy on greenhouse gas aiming to reduce 50% of emission by 2050, ultimately eliminate gas emission within a century. The new policy includes decarbonization in shipping design, development and shift on alternative green energy from a traditional chemical fuel, practical test of green energy by the shipping company, and collaborative research and development on decarbonized maritime transport. For the Korea Maritime industry to be competitive and sustainable, sufficient policy support from the government as well as autonomous commitment from organizations is crucial for successful decarbonization.

글로벌 팬데믹과 러시아 에너지 전략 2035

김상원 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2021 중소연구 Vol.45 No.2

Due to the coronavirus outbreak that began in December 2019, Russia's GDP growth rate in 2020 was –3.1%. The impact on the economy continues as a result of repeated pandemics that have been repeated several times so far. In the process, the instability of international energy prices, the main pillar of the Russian economy, and the volatility of the ruble aggravated the economic crisis. Russia needs measures to overcome uncertain expectations for rapid economic growth due to rising import prices, falling disposable income, and declining consumer sentiment. Russia is not only a resource-rich country with huge oil and natural gas reserves, but also a country with high energy dependence economic characteristics. In the meantime, Russia has been using it as a major tool for economic growth, maintaining its top position in world energy exports for natural gas, oil, and coal. However, due to such economic policy operation, it is also pointed out as a distortion of the industrial structure and weakness in growth. In this situation, the international community is intensifying efforts and competition for decarbonization. In an effort to overcome this, Russia revised and announced the “Russian Energy Strategy 2035” in 2020. This strategy emphasized the importance of addressing the problems of state-owned enterprises that are dependent on government subsidies and effective financial support during the global pandemic crisis. The global pandemic has shocked the international energy industry, and Russia has also suffered a negative impact on budget and economic balance, and all sectors of the industry have suffered. Although the draft of the newly adopted “Russian Energy Strategy 2035” has been discussed for the past six years, the Russian government has continued to delay its adoption due to difficulties in forecasting the production, consumption and export of energy products. Another problem is that the Russian government and the fuel and energy industry are linked through various and complex political and economic relations, and domestic and foreign experts are pointing out that this part is mentioned vaguely. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and consider the problems of the newly adopted “Russian Energy Strategy 2035” for the purpose of overcoming the structural problems of the global pandemic and economy. 2019년 12월부터 시작된 코로나 사태로 러시아의 2020년 GDP 성장률은 –3.1%를 기록했다. 지금까지 수차례에 걸쳐 반복적으로 유행이 진행되면서 경제에 미치는 충격도 지속되고 있다. 이 과정에서 국제에너지 가격 하락은 러시아 경제의 주축인 에너지 산업에 타격을 주었고, 동시에 루블화 변동성 확대는 경제 위기를 더욱 가중시켰다. 결과적으로 러시아는 수입 물가 인상, 가처분소득 하락, 소비 심리 축소 등 경제 환경이 불안정성을 보였으며, 경제 성장에 대한 기대 또한 불투명하기에 이를 극복하기 위한 대책이 필요한 상황이다. 러시아는 막대한 석유와 천연가스 매장량을 가진 자원 부국일 뿐만 아니라 에너지 의존도가 높은 경제라는 구조적 특징을 보유한 국가이다. 그동안 러시아는 세계 에너지 수출에서 천연가스 1위, 석유 2위, 석탄 3위를 유지하면서, 이를 경제 성장의 주요 도구로 활용해 왔다. 그러나 이러한 경제정책 운용 때문에 산업구조가 왜곡되어 성장의 취약점으로 지적받고도 있다. 이 상황에서 국제사회는 탈탄소화를 위한 노력과 경쟁이 격화되고 있어서, 이를 타개하기 위한 노력으로 러시아는 2020년 “러시아 에너지 전략 2035”를 개정 발표했다. 동 전략은 정부의 보조금에 의존하고 있는 국영 기업의 문제 해결과 글로벌 팬데믹 위기 상황에서 효과적인 지원의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 글로벌 팬데믹으로 세계 각국 에너지 산업은 충격을 받았고 러시아도 예산 및 경제 균형에 부정적 영향을 입었을 뿐 아니라 모든 산업 분야가 어려움을 겪고 있기에 새로운 돌파구가 필요한 실정이다. 새롭게 수정 채택된 “러시아 에너지 전략 2035”의 초안은 지난 6년간 논의되었지만, 그동안 러시아 정부는 에너지 제품 생산, 소비 및 수출에 대한 예측이 어려워서 채택을 지속해서 연기해왔다. 또 다른 문제는 러시아 정부와 연료․에너지 산업은 다양하고 복잡한 정치․경제 관계로 연계되어있다는 것이다. 국내외 전문가들은 이 문제 해결에 대한 설명이 모호하게 언급되어 있음을 지적하고 있어 향후 진행 상황을 지켜볼 필요가 있다. 따라서 글로벌 팬데믹과 경제의 구조적 문제점을 극복하기 위한 노력의 목적으로 새롭게 채택한 “러시아 에너지 전략 2035” 분석과 문제점 고찰은 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

(3D 모델링 설계 산출물 ) 디지털 스마트 데이터의 생산계획 활용을 통한 ESG 경영 달성 방안 고찰

김양욱,이경호,김영수,여현빈 한국CDE학회 2024 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.29 No.1

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, it is necessary to create a corporate’s successful per- formance with digital data produced at the product’s design stage, and to be utilized in the ESG management through cooperation among related industries (i.e. Korea's port, shipping, shipbuild- ing, and vendor industries). Therefore, it should be considered the Digitalization and Decarbon- ization simultaneously in the industrial categories, and it should be needed successful delivery from engineering and design results to lead to transparent sustainability of performance for ESG management. As the author suggested in a previous study, the performance of ESG Manage- ment would be led by 3D modeling CAD Results of the AIDEM(Advanced Integrated Digital Engineering and Management) Tools, and to achieve this, Goal-Setting-Approach must be car- ried out strategically from the beginning of overall management. In this study, it would be pro- posed a method that involves conducting engineering, analysis, and design from the early design stage through the Front-loading process. This approach could allow for timely Design-Freezing then it could be to carry out a proper production planning and performance outcomes of the production phase. And it would be connected how to use these outcomes strategically in ESG management to achieve carbon reduction and overall business performance.

정의로운 전환을 위한 유럽연합 회원국의 탈탄소화 정책 비교: 사회생태적 정책조합을 중심으로

이상호 한독경상학회 2024 經商論叢 Vol.42 No.1

본 연구는 유럽연합과 회원국이 탈탄소화의 사회적 문제에 어떻게 대처하고 있는지를 확인하고, 그 범위와 수준을 평가하기 위해 관련 사회생태적 정책조합을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 유럽연합, 그리고 각 국가적 차원에서 주목할 만한 몇 가지 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 유럽연합 차원에서 유럽 그린 딜과 유럽 사회권 기둥은 정의로운 전환 개념을 명시적으로 규정한다는 점에서 사회생태적 전략 프레임워크를 구성하고, 유럽연합의 사회생태 관련 제도 및 거버넌스는 정의로운 전환 메커니즘과 깊이 관련되어 있다. 한편 개별 국가 차원에서 대부분의 국가는 탈탄소화가 부정적인 효과를 초래할 수 있다는 점을 인식하고 있지만, 이에 대응하기 위한 사회생태적 정책수단과 거버넌스를 제대로 구성하고 실행하는 국가는 상대적으로 드물다. 한편 유럽연합과 회원국이 추진하는 정의로운 전환 관련 사회생태적 정책조합의 특징을 살펴보면, 정의로운 전환 관련 정책조치가 대부분 범위가 좁을 뿐만 아니라, 주로 현안 문제를 대상으로 하고 있다. 그리고 현재 유럽연합의 사회생태적 정책조합은 탈탄소화로 인해 발생하는 사회적 위험을 해결하기 위한 정책수단으로서 투자 지향적 조치의 역할을 너무 과대평가하고 있다. 결론적으로 이러한 유럽연합의 사회생태적 정책조합 분석을 통해 얻을 수 있는 정책적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 우리나라도 유럽연합 회원국과 마찬가지로 ’국가 탄소중립 기본계획‘에 보다 포괄적인 사회생태적 정책조합의 구체적인 실행방안을 담고 관련 정책조치들을 연관 법률과 제도로 확산시켜야 할 것이다. 또한 탈탄소화와 관련된 다른 잠재적 사회적 위험에 대처하기 위해서는 보다 중장기적인 관점에서 전략적 차원으로 정의로운 전환에 대한 보다 폭넓은 사회적 공론화가 필요하다. 마지막으로 유럽연합과 마찬가지로 우리나라도 저탄소산업과 일자리에 대한 투자 지향적 조치를 보다 세밀하게 재구성하고 피해 노동자와 해당 지역사회에 대한 보호 지향적 정책조치도 강화시켜야 한다. 또한 이해관계자의 참여와 결정을 보장하는 민주적 거버넌스 구축도 우리가 사회생태적 정책조합을 추진하는데 있어 반드시 달성해야 할 전략적 과제이다. In order to identify how the EU and its Member States are addressing the social problems of decarbonization and to assess their scope and level, this study analyzed the relevant social-ecological policy mixes. It has identified several noteworthy findings at the EU and national level. At the EU level, the European Green Deal and the European Pillar of Social Rights constitute a social-ecological strategic framework in that they explicitly refer to the concept of a just transition, and the EU's social-ecological institutions and governance are deeply intertwined with just transition mechanisms. At the individual country level, most countries recognize that decarbonization can have negative effects, but relatively few have properly organized and implemented social-ecological policy instruments and governance to counteract them. On the other hand, the characterization of the social-ecological policy mixes for a just transition by the EU and its Member States shows that most of these policy measures are not only narrow in scope, but also mainly target urgent issues. Furthermore, the current EU social-ecological policy mixes overestimate the role of investment-oriented measures as a policy instrument. In conclusion, the following policy implications can be drawn from the social-ecological policy mixes of the EU. Korea, like EU Member States, should include specific implementation plans for more comprehensive social-ecological policy mixes in its National Carbon Neutrality Framework Plan and expand the relevant policy measures to relevant laws and institutions. In addition, to address other potential social risks associated with decarbonization, Korea needs a broader public debate on a just transition from a long-term perspective to a strategic level. Finally, like the EU, we need to further refine investment-oriented measures for low-carbon industries and jobs and strengthen protection-oriented policy measures for affected workers and their communities. Building democratic governance that ensures stakeholder participation and decision making is also a strategic task that we must accomplish in promoting a social-ecological policy mix.

Problems of Decarbonization of the Economy of Kazakhstan

Bakhyt K Yessekina 한국유통과학회 2016 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2016 No.-

In this article, we consider the modern trends of global warming, GHG pollutions, and discuss the obligations of developed and developing countries before the UN Global Climate Summit in Paris. The article considers decarbonization as a national strategy, including complex tools for the improvement of energy efficiency, reduction of CO2 and development of emissions trading systems. The author underlines that the Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, have the largest GHG potential in the region, and for this reason, they should be within the framework of the UNFCCC and join the international process on development of the national decarbonization strategies. These measures allow these countries to join the global carbon trade marketing, international financial recourses, and significantly reduce CO2 pollutions in the region.

Problems of Decarbonization of the Economy of Kazakhstan

Yessekina, Bakhyt K. Korea Distribution Science Association 2015 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.2 No.3

In this article we consider the modern trends of global warming, GHG pollutions and discussions of the obligations of developed and developing countries before the UN Global Climate Summit in Paris. The article considers decarbonization as a national strategy, including complex tools for the improvement of energy efficiency, reduction of CO₂ and development of emissions trading systems. The author underlines that the Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, have the largest GHG potential in the region, and for this reason they should be within the framework of the UNFCCC and join the international process on development of the national decarbonization strategies.Thesemeasuresallowthese countries to join the global carbon trade marketing, international financial recourses, and significantly reduce CO₂ pollutions in the region.

Problems of Decarbonization of the Economy: International Practices and Kazakhstan

Bakhyt K. Yessekina 한국유통과학회 2015 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2015 No.-

In this article we consider the modern trends of global warming, GHG pollutions and discussions of the obligations of developed and developing countries before the UN Global Climate Summit in Paris. The article considers decarbonization as a national strategy, including complex tools for the improvement of energy efficiency, reduction of CO2 and development of emissions trading systems. The author underlines that the Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, have the largest GHG potential in the region, and for this reason they should be within the framework of the UNFCCC and join the international process on development of the national decarbonization strategies. These measures allow these countries to join the global carbon trade marketing, international financial recourses, and significantly reduce Co2 pollutions in the region.

러시아의 탈탄소화 전략에 대한 소고

김상원 ( Kim Sang Won ) 한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소 2022 슬라브연구 Vol.38 No.2

2021년까지 러시아는 탈탄소화와 에너지 전환에 대해 심각하게 대응하지 않았다. 이후 탄소 중립 논의가 글로벌 추세이자 국가 경제 발전에 영향을 미치는 문제로 전환되면서 전략적으로 접근하기 시작했다. 국제 에너지 시장에서 러시아는 석유와 천연가스 공급 부문의 강자였다. 따라서 에너지 초강대국의 지위를 유지하면서 사회 및 경제적 안정을 보장할 수 있는 탄소 중립을 달성하는 것이 주요한 목표가 되었다. 그동안 러시아는 세계 경제에서 탄화수소의 지속력을 확신하였고 재생 에너지는 기술적 문제가 있는 것으로 평가하였다. 이런 이유로 기후변화협약 당사국총회에 참석하고 있었지만, 적극적으로 활동하지 않았다. 그러나 EU의 그린 딜과 탄소국경조정 메커니즘의 도입은 러시아의 변화를 촉진시켰다. 결국 러시아 역시 탈탄소화 전략을 도입하고 새로운 시대에 걸맞은 에너지 전략과 산업의 재편을 시작하였다. Until 2021, Russia did not respond seriously to decarbonization and energy transition. Since then, the discussion of carbon-neutrality has turned into a global trend and a problem affecting the national economic development, starting to take a strategic approach. In the international energy market, Russia has been a major player in the supply of oil and natural gas. Therefore, achieving carbon neutrality, which can ensure social and economic stability while maintaining its status as an energy superpower, has become a major goal. Meanwhile, Russia has been convinced of the sustainability of hydrocarbons in the global economy, and has evaluated renewable energy as having technical problems. For this reason, although he was attending the conference of the parties to the United Nations framework convention on climate change, he was not active. However, the EU’s Green Deal and the introduction of a carbon border adjustment mechanism accelerated change in Russia. In the end, Russia also introduced a decarbonization strategy and started to reorganize the energy strategy and industry suitable for the new era.