大學における對話の場づくりとしての 自律的日本語學習の支援 - 「わせだ日本語サポ一ト」を事例とする考察 -

古屋憲章 ( Furuya Noriaki ) 한국일어교육학회 2018 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.43

本硏究の目的は、「わせだ日本語サポ一ト」(以下「サポ一ト」)を事例として、自律的日本語學習(學習者オ一トノミ一)の支援を對話の場づくりとして位置づけることである。そのため、本稿では、まず、2節において、「サポ一ト」がどのように實施されているかに關し、「サポ一ト」の實施形態、利用狀況、(「サポ一ト」實踐の軸である)日本語學習アドバイジングを中心に說明した。次に、3節において、「サポ一ト」スタッフが自身の「サポ一ト」實踐の經驗や學習者へのインタビュ一をとおし、どのような氣づきを得たかを記述した。そして、4節において、アクションリサ一チ(AR)の樺組みに卽し、本硏究を省察したうえで、省察にもとに、「サポ一ト」を對話の場という觀点で考察した。 考察の結果、次のような「サポ一ト」の內實が明らかになった。a)「サポ一ト」スタッフは、ARにおけるアクションリサ一チャ一であり、「サポ一ト」利用者(日本語を母語としない學生)は、ARにおける硏究協力者である。b)「サポ一ト」は、アクションリサ一チャ一であるスタッフと硏究協力者である利用者が大學における敎室外日本語學習環境をめぐり、對話する場である。c)「サポ一ト」におけるスタッフと利用者の對話をとおし、大學における敎室外日本語學習環境が協動的に構築されるとともに、改善される。d)「サポ一ト」という協動的な實踐が、大學における對話の場づくりとして機能している。さらに、a)~d)の考察をふまえ、大學における對話の場づくりとしての「サポ一ト」が、日本語敎育の想定する「ことばと社會」の公共性を提案していく實踐硏究、すなわち公共日本語敎育學の實踐となっていく可能性が示唆された。 The purpose of this research is to position support of autonomous Japanese learning (learner autonomy) as creating a place for dialogue as a case of 'Waseda Nihongo Support' (hereinafter 'support'). First, Section 2 of this study discusses the implementation of 'support', the situation of use, the language learning advising (which is the axis of 'support' practice) about how 'support' is implemented it explained to the center. Next, Section 3 discusses what kind of awareness the 'support' staff got through their experience of practicing 'support' and interviews with learners. Then, in accordance with the framework of action research (AR), after reviewing this research, Section 4 examines 'support' from the perspective of dialogue based on reflection. The result of this study shows the following 'support' structure: a) 'Support' staff is an action researcher in AR, 'support' users (students without native Japanese) are research collaborators in AR, b) 'support' is a place where the staff who is an action researcher and the user who is a research collaborator can talk with each other around the university Japanese language learning environment at the university. c) Through dialogue between staff and users in 'support', the Japanese language learning environment outside the classroom at the university is collaboratively constructed and improved. d) Collaborative practice 'support' is functioning as a place for dialogue at university. Furthermore, based on the consideration of a) to d), 'support' as creating a place for dialogue at university is a practical research proposing the public nature of 'language and society' assumed by Japanese language education, that is, practice of public Japanese language education, inspiring the possibility of becoming an academic practice.

비R&D 지원사업의 반복지원 효과 분석 - 충청북도 소재 중소기업 지원사례를 중심으로 -

최순식 충북대학교 국가미래기술경영연구소 2020 기술경영 Vol.5 No.4

This study analyzes the effects of certain companies receiving repeated support from non-R&D support projects, one of the policies to support small and medium enterprises. For this purpose, the t-test was conducted with a population of companies that received only one non-R&D support and those that received two or more non-R&D support. As a result of the analysis, there was no noticeable difference in performance in terms of sales and increase in the number of employees, first of all, between companies that received only one non-R&D support and those that received more than two repetitions. This is because non-R&D support has a business characteristic to solve technical management difficulties necessary for companies to commercialize technology, so even if repeated support is provided, the number of repeated support does not seem to affect performance. Second, it was confirmed that the proportion of companies receiving repeated support in non-R&D support projects was increasing continuously, and that the average amount of support provided by repeated support was also increasing. This is because non-R&D support is repeatable to a particular entity, which is unlikely to be supported to the entities that actually need it, and the effect of the support will not spread properly, and there is a minimum benefit to the beneficiary, so it is highly probable that it will occur cumulatively. Therefore, it is necessary to provide more opportunities to companies that have been alienated from government support and to create positive effects by providing support tailored to the characteristics of companies through the re-establishment of systems and standards that can minimize the extras of repetitive support.

베이비붐 세대 부모의 부양기대와 에코붐 세대 자녀의 부양의식

김종남(Kim, Jong-Nam),한정란(Han , Jun gran) 한국노년교육학회 2017 노년교육연구 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구에서는 베이비붐 세대 부모의 부양기대와 그들의 에코붐 세대 자녀의 부양 의식을 비교하고, 그들의 부양기대 및 부양의식에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울, 인천, 충남 지역에 거주하는 베이비붐 세대 부모와 에코붐 세대 자녀 228쌍을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석을 통해 나타난 주요결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 베이비붐 세대의 부양기대는 모두 중간 수준이었고, 정서적 부양기대, 신체적 부양기대, 경제적 부양기대 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 에코붐 세대의 부양의식은 전반적으로 높은 수준이었으며, 신체적 부양의식, 경제적 부양의식, 정서적 부양의식의 순이었다. 셋째, 경제적 부양, 정서적 부양, 신체적 부양 모두에서 에코붐 세대의 부양의식이 그들의 베이비붐 세대 부모의 부양기대보다 높았다. 넷째, 부양기대에 대한 다중회귀분석 결과, 경제적·정서적·신체적 부양기대에 공통적으로 가장 큰 영향력을 갖는 변인은 자녀와의 친밀감이었다. 다섯째, 부양의식에 대한 다중 회귀분석 결과, 에코붐 세대의 부양의식에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 요인 역시 부모 와의 친밀감이었다. 이러한 결과에 근거하여 향후 베이비붐 세대의 노화에 대비하여 노인부양 정책 마련과 부양 교육 프로그램 개발 등에 관련한 제언과 후속연구를 위한 제언을 덧붙였다. The purpose of this research was to compare the support expectation of baby boomer parents with the support consciousness of echo-boomer children, and further, examine the effect of intimacy on both their support expectation and support consciousness. The survey was conducted for 228 pairs of baby boomer parents and their echo-boomer children living in Seoul, Incheon, and Chungcheong-Do. The results of this study were as follows: ① The baby boomers support expectation was midium level, and was high in the order of emotional, physical, and economic support expectation in detail. ② The echo-boomers’ support consciousness was high level, and was high in the order of physical, economic, and emotional support expectation in detail. ③ The echo-boomers’ support consciousness was higher than their baby boomer parents’support expectation in all of economic, physical, and emotional support. ④ As the result of the multiple regression analysis, the most effective factor on economic, physical and emotional support expectation of the baby boomers was the intimacy with their children. ⑤ As the result of the multiple regression analysis, the most effective factor on the support consciousness of the echo-boomers was the intimacy with their parents, as well. Some suggestions were made based on the results of research above.

大学における対話の場づくりとしての 自律的日本語学習の支援 -「わせだ日本語サポート」を事例とする考察-

후루야 노리아키 한국일어교육학회 2018 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.43

The purpose of this research is to position support of autonomous Japanese learning (learner autonomy) as creating a place for dialogue as a case of 'Waseda Nihongo Support' (hereinafter 'support'). First, Section 2 of this study discusses the implementation of 'support', the situation of use, the language learning advising (which is the axis of 'support' practice) about how 'support' is implemented it explained to the center. Next, Section 3 discusses what kind of awareness the 'support' staff got through their experience of practicing 'support' and interviews with learners. Then, in accordance with the framework of action research (AR), after reviewing this research, Section 4 examines 'support' from the perspective of dialogue based on reflection. The result of this study shows the following 'support' structure: a) 'Support' staff is an action researcher in AR, 'support' users (students without native Japanese) are research collaborators in AR, b) 'support' is a place where the staff who is an action researcher and the user who is a research collaborator can talk with each other around the university Japanese language learning environment at the university. c) Through dialogue between staff and users in 'support', the Japanese language learning environment outside the classroom at the university is collaboratively constructed and improved. d) Collaborative practice 'support' is functioning as a place for dialogue at university. Furthermore, based on the consideration of a) to d), 'support' as creating a place for dialogue at university is a practical research proposing the public nature of 'language and society' assumed by Japanese language education, that is, practice of public Japanese language education, inspiring the possibility of becoming an academic practice. 本研究の目的は、「わせだ日本語サポート」(以下「サポート」)を事例として、自律的日本語学習(学習 者オートノミー)の支援を対話の場づくりとして位置づけることである。そのため、本稿では、まず、2節に おいて、「サポート」がどのように実施されているかに関し、「サポート」の実施形態、利用状況、(「サ ポート」実践の軸である)日本語学習アドバイジングを中心に説明した。次に、3節において、「サポート」 スタッフが自身の「サポート」実践の経験や学習者へのインタビューをとおし、どのような気づきを得たか を記述した。そして、4節において、アクションリサーチ(AR)の枠組みに即し、本研究を省察したうえで、 省察にもとに、「サポート」を対話の場という観点で考察した。 考察の結果、次のような「サポート」の内実が明らかになった。a)「サポート」スタッフは、ARにおける アクションリサーチャーであり、「サポート」利用者(日本語を母語としない学生)は、ARにおける研究協 力者である。b)「サポート」は、アクションリサーチャーであるスタッフと研究協力者である利用者が大学 における教室外日本語学習環境をめぐり、対話する場である。c)「サポート」におけるスタッフと利用者の 対話をとおし、大学における教室外日本語学習環境が協働的に構築されるとともに、改善される。d)「サ ポート」という協働的な実践が、大学における対話の場づくりとして機能している。さらに、a)~d)の考察 をふまえ、大学における対話の場づくりとしての「サポート」が、日本語教育の想定する「ことばと社会」 の公共性を提案していく実践研究、すなわち公共日本語教育学の実践となっていく可能性が示唆された。

위암환자의 질병과정에 따른 사회적 지지요구 및 지각된 사회적 지지

이동숙,이은옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.2

Social support has emerged in recent years as a major topic in investigations of psychosocial variables influencing health-related outcomes. Findings fro studies (Castelli, 1992; Johnson, 1982; McIllnurray & Holdcroft, 1993; Spegel, Bollm & Yalom, 1981) suggest that social support helps cancer patients adjust themselves psychosocially to cancer. Depending on the stages of disease, need of social support may be different in cancer patients. For that reason, it proposed to assess social support at more than a single point in time. With these backgrounds, this study was conducted to examine different contents and sources of need of social support and perceived social support and perceived social support according to disease process, and provide guidelines for specific and proper supportive care for them. In Korea, gastric cancer is revealed the highest death rate in male cancer patients. Subjects were composed of 103 patients with gastric cancer; 18 in diagnostic period, 23 undergoing surgery, 44 undergoing chemotherapy and 18 in post-treatment adjustment period. They were contacted either in oncologic wards or put patient department in one tertiary hospital in Seoul. The instruments of this study were Social Support Scale which were developed by the researcher. These scales in the form of 5-point Likert type, consists of 20 items, including 3 subscales of emotional support, informational support and instrumental support. The higher the score, the higher the need of social support or the perceived social support. Data were analyzed by SPSS/PC+ program; ANOVA was used to examine differences of needs of social support and perceived social support at 4 points of time (diagnostic period, surgical period, period of chemotherapy and post-treatment period), respectively. Paired-test was used to compare need of social support with perceived social support at each point. The results were as follows. 1. There was no significant differences in total need of social support at 4 points of time. But there were significant differences in need of informational support and need of instrumental support among 3 subscales. Need of informational support was the highest in diagnostic period. 2. There were no significant differences in total perceived social support and 3 subscale at 4 points of time, respectively. 3. Need of instrumental support was higher in women than men, while age was a factor of perceived instrumental support, Perceived instrumental support was the highest at sixties, and the lowest as fifties. 4. In comparison of need of social support and perceived social support at 4 points of time, mean score of total need of social support was significantly higher than score of total perceived social support in diagnostic period, mean score of perceived emotional support higher than score of emotional support need in the period of chemotherapy, and mean score of need of informational support was higher than score of perceived informational support at each period. 5. Main sources of emotional support need were spouse, doctors, and brothers or sisters in order, sources of informational support need were doctors, spouse, and nurses in order, and sources of instrumental support need were spouse, brothers or sisters, and children in order. Sources of perceived emotional social support were spouse, children and nurses in order, sources of perceived informational social support were doctors spouse, and children in order, and sources of perceived instrumental social support were spouse, brothers or sisters, children in order. In conclusions, need of social support and perceived social support in patients having gastric cancer were different as to changing disease process. As sex and age influenced instrumental social support. The results of the study indicate that nurses and other health care workers who deal with the patients with gastric cancer should pay attention to the disease process as well as the kinds of support that the patients need. They also indicate that nurses should provide the support, especially focusing on the informational need of gatric cancer patients.

초등학령기 자녀에 대한 어머니의 재정지원행동 유형

장혜연(Jang, Hyeyun),홍은실(Hong, Eunsil) 한국생활과학회 2021 한국생활과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

This study aims to classify the type of financial support behavior of mothers for elementary school children and analyze the characteristics shown by child support motivation, standard setting, and support satisfaction. The final 798 copies were used for data analysis. Women with elementary school children nationwide were surveyed through online surveys. Among the different types of financial support behavior, ‘active support type’ had the strongest motivation for social contribution and internal control. The mothers recognized that they had enough resources, they properly set goals for child support, and were very satisfied with the performance of child support. The ‘planning performance type’ had the strongest motivation for supporting learning needs. The mothers had a very weak perception of the sufficiency of economic resources, but had a high goal setting and overall standard setting, and high satisfaction with performing child support. The ‘information exploration type’ was very low in the motivation for supporting learning needs and the goal setting for supporting children, and the satisfaction level of support for children was moderate. The ‘priority type’ had a relatively high internal control motivation. Mothers had a very low perception of the sufficiency of economic resources and overall resources, low goal setting, overall standard setting, and low satisfaction with child support. In the ‘polar support type’, the motivation for social contribution and internal control were relatively low. The perception that economic and overall resources were sufficient was very low, and the satisfaction of setting goals for child support and performing child support was very low.

파이프 서포트의 지지핀 두께와 압축하중의 상관관계 분석

최명기,박종근 한국안전학회 2022 한국안전학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Generally, in construction sites, the pipe support installation workers often use support pins of 9~10 mm which are much smaller than the safety standard sizes for work convenience. Although the safety certification standard thickness of the support pins is 11 mm, and the supervisors are often indifferent to this. Hence, products with far lower performance than the pipe support safety certification value of 40,000 N, which is applied in the supporting post-structural review, are used. Accordingly, this acts as a factor causing collapse accidents in the process of pouring concrete at the construction site. Therefore, this study performed compression experiments on new and reused pipe supports to determine how the thickness of the support pins affects the structural compression performance of the pipe support by considering the thickness of the support pins as a critical variable among various factors affecting the pipe support performance. In the course of the study, the compression test of the pipe support (V2, V4) for the new products showed that only 14 (58.3%) of the total 24 samples satisfied the safety certification standard value of 40,000 N, which indicates that more thorough quality control is required in the manufacturing process. Additionally, comparing the thickness of the support pins and their fracture shape shows that the pipes with support length of 4.0 m or longer are much more affected by the buckling of the entire length than the thickness of the support pins. Of the several factors affecting the performance of reused pipe supports, it was found that, similar to the new products, the use of support pins, with thickness of 12 mm rather than 11 mm, can satisfy the safety certification value more appropriately. Therefore, regardless of the state of usage, it could be concluded that it is necessary to use 12 mm products, whose thickness is larger than that of the safety certification standard value of 11 mm, to improve the performance of the pipe supports.

초등학생이 지각하는 사회적지지

변찬석,박외곤 한국시각장애교육&재활학회 2013 시각장애연구 Vol.29 No.1

This study examined the differences of elementary students’ social support from their peer, family, and teachers according to their sex, disability, and school grade. The subjects were consisted of 220 elementary school students in Daegu. Data obtained by questionnaire survey were analysed. The results of this study were shown as follows: First, no significant difference between male students and female students was shown in their perceived social support. Second, significant difference was shown between normal students and LD students. The level of perceived social support was higher in normal students than students with LD. Family support was highest in both groups, while peer support was lowest in LD group. Third, total social support was highest in 6th grade, but lowest in 5th grade. Significant difference was shown in teacher support which 4th grade was higher than 5th grade. Family support was highest regardless of students’ variables, however some difference was shown in peer support and teacher support according to students’ variables. The implications were discussed and the suggestions were made for further studies. 본 연구의 목적은 초등학생이 지각하는 사회적지지가 성별, 장애 유무, 및 학년에 따라 차이가 있는지를 살펴보는데 있다. 대구광역시에서 220명의 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생이 응답한 사회적지지 관련 설문지를 대상으로 분석한 결과, 첫째로 남녀학생간에는 사회적지지의 지각수준에 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 장애학생과 일반학생간에는 사회적지지의 지각수준에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 일반학생이 전반적으로 높은 지지를 지각하고 있었으며, 두집단 모두 가족지지가 가장 높았으나 학습장애학생은 또래지지가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 학년에 따른 사회적지지 수준은 전체적으로 볼 때 6학년이 가장 높았으나 5학년은 전반적으로 가장 낮은 점수를 보였다. 한편 교사지지에서 4학년이 5학년보다 높은 점수를 보여 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 가족지지는 초등학생의 변인과 관계없이 가장 높았으나, 또래지지 및 교사지지의 경우 대상아동의 변인에 따라 차이가 있었다. 마지막으로 추후연구를 위한 제언이 기술되었다.

사회적 지지 모임이 구순 및 구개열 환아 가족의 대처에 미치는 영향

이은영,임난영 한양대학교 의과대학 1996 한양의대 학술지 Vol.16 No.2

This study was done to investigate whether the social support program would improve the coping level in family who has a child with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Theoretical framework for this study was derived from the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustent and Adaptation by McCubbin and McCubbin(1993). The social support program was adopted from five basic social support dimensions defined by Cutrona and Russell(1990). The social support group as the experimental treatment was carried out for one hour over the three week period. Research design was a quasi-experimental study of nonequivalent control group pre adn post-test design. The subjects of this study were 7 mothers of experimental group and 15 mothers of control group. The period of data collection was from September 19, 1996 to October 26,1996. The instruments used in this study were Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes(FILE) (McCubbin, Patterson & Wilson, 1983) and Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) (McCubbin, McCubbin, Nevin & Cauble, 1983). The data was analyzed using x²-test, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Wilcoxon Matched-pairs Signed-ranks Test. The results are as follows: 1. Hypothesis 1: "The post family coping level of experimental group will be higher than the pretest level." was not supported (Z=-0.85, p=-.40). But, the mean score of posttest of experimental group was higher than the pretest in family coping level. 2. Hypotehsis 2: "The family coping level of experimental group will be higher than teh control groups." was not supported (Z=0.92, p=0.36). But the mean score of experimental group was higher than the control group in family coping level. 3. There was no difference for family stress between pre and post-test (Z=-1.52, p=0.13), and between experimental and control group(Z=-0.21, p=0.83). But the mean score of experimental group was lower than the control group in family stress level. 4. The members of social support group responded positively to effects of support group and stated that they had got emotional support, self-esteem support, tangible assiatance, and informational support. But they pointed out lack of network support. In conclusion, this study confirmed that social support progrma for family who has a child wiht cleft lip and/or cleft palate was an effective nursing intervention for improvement of family coping.

한국 양육비정책: 역사, 현황, 쟁점과 대안

정이윤 한국국정관리학회 2020 현대사회와 행정 Vol.30 No.2

In Korea, balancing the responsibilities of custodial parents, noncustodial parents, and the government in providing financial support for children in single-parent families has become a prominent issue. Korea’s Congress recently considered several bills that propose two types of changes to current child support policy. One set of bills introduce punitive child support enforcement measures, for example, revoking the driver’s license of noncustodial parents who do not pay child support. These bills are based on the assumption that many noncustodial parents are capable of paying support but unwilling to do so. A second set of bills propose child support guarantee programs (CSGP, i.e., when a noncustodial parent does not pay the full amount of child support, the government pays the custodial parent and then seeks repayment from the noncustodial parent). However, there is little systematic analysis of these policy proposals, especially for low-income populations. This study reviews the history of legal changes related to child support in Korea, analyzes the current child support system, discussing trade-offs of key policy issues, and proposes three lines of policy considerations. First, the system must be automated, simplified, and made more efficient, and should include automatic income withholding. Second, I discuss specific policy considerations for low-income noncustodial parents. Third, a CSGP must be universal (no income requirements), and must be preceded by the establishment of an efficient child support enforcement system. Until a CSGP can be introduced, the government can significantly increase the eligibility limits for the current public assistance program for low-income single parents. 한부모가족 자녀의 복지 향상을 위해 양육비정책(child support policy)을 개선하고자 현재 두가지 입법노력이 있다. 첫째 양육비 불이행 시 운전면허나 여권을 압류하는 징벌적 정책 도입이 고, 둘째 국가가 일정 양육비를 양육자에게 보장지급, 비양육부모에게 구상하는 대지급제도 도입이다. 하지만 정책 실효성이나 다른 정책과의 상호작용에 관한 체계적 정책분석연구가 부족 하다. 본 연구는 한국 양육비정책의 역사, 현황, 쟁점을 체계적으로 검토, 정책 개선방안을 도출 한다. 개선방안으로 ① 소득원천징수 포함 자동적, 효율적 이행확보제도 도입; ② 저소득 비양 육부모 지원; ③ 효율적 이행확보제도와 병행해야만 대지급제도 도입이 가능하며, 그 형태는 보편적이어야 함을 제시한다. 또 공공부조 심사 시 소득에서 대지급급여 공제, 빈곤한 비양육부모 에게 구상 제한을 제시한다. 대지급제도 도입 전까지는 한부모가족지원제도의 급여 자격기준을 높여 대상자를 확대하고 대지급제도 도입 시 이를 대체한다.