Influencing factor analysis of water invasion in condensate gas reservoir with bottom water based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and orthogonal experiment

Wende Yan,Zhilin Qi,Yingzhong Yuan,Xiaoliang Huang,Jiqiang Li 한국자원공학회 2019 Geosystem engineering Vol.22 No.6

Condensate oil and water invasion coexist in the condensate gas reservoir with bottom water. Because of influences of condensate oil pollution and water invasion, gas recovery obviously decreases. There are many factors influencing water invasion in a condensate gas reservoir with bottom water, including static petrophysical properties and dynamic operational conditions. Various factors play different roles in the process of water invasion, and the comprehensive effects of them on water invasion are difficult to be determined because these factors interfere with each other. With gas reservoir engineering method and numerical simulation technology, the factors including acuifer size, height of water avoidance, permeability, effective gas pay thickness, condensate oil saturation and gas well production rate on water invasion are researched. Water breakthrough time, stable production period and gas recovery are calculated for different cases under different parameter combinations through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and orthogonal experiment design. Then sensitivities of these factors are analyzed and main factors influencing water invasion are selected and sequenced. The research supply theoretical basis for preventing and controlling water invasion thus improves development effect of condensate gas reservoir with bottom water.

Applied to reuse steam condensate water in Medium petrochemical plant to boiler feed water

S. Tammaruckwattana,A. Seekhieo,N. Tammarugwattana 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

In Thailands petrochemical industrial estate which has a small or medium-size plant, boiler feed water is bought from the external boiler feed water provider to use in an incinerator to make steam for plant use, and the steam condensate water that comes after the incinerator process is sold back to the provider as well. The cost gap between bought water and sold water is considered a waste since the income gained from selling post-boiled water is less than expenses from bought water. In this paper, the research to improve the steam condensate water quality and reuse the water has been proposed. This application is to be considered to build the steam condensate treatment unit for treating water potential to reduce the overall operation cost (OPEX). The online analyzer is being used to control the chemical dosing package via a plant control system to check the quality of water and treat it in real-time so the water can be reused.

연료전지 자동차 내 수소 공급 시스템에서 드레인 밸브 특성에 따른 드레인 로직 최적화 및 연비와 운전안정성을 고려한 물 관리 전략 개발

안득균,이현재,심효섭,김대종 한국수소및신에너지학회 2016 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.27 No.2

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) produces only water at cathode by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The generated water is transported across the membrane from the cathode to the anode. The transported water collected in water-trap and drained to the cathode within the humidifier outlet. If the condensate water is not being drained at the appropriate time, condensate water in the anode can cause the performance degradation or fuel efficiency degradation of fuel cell by the anode flooding or unnecessary hydrogen discharge. In this study, we proposed an optimization method of condensate water drain logic for the water drain performance and the water drain algorithm as considered the condensate water generating speed prep emergency case. In conclusion, we developed the water management strategy of fuel processing system (FPS) as securing fuel efficiency and operating stability.

저온 상변화 물질 특성을 이용한 태양열 물펌프 실용화 연구개발(II) ­시스템 구성 및 작동분석

김영복,이양근,이승규,김성태,나우정,민영봉 한국축산환경학회 2003 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.9 No.2

태양열을 동력원으로 하여 열에너지를 동력으로 변환, 물을 양수할 목적으로 저온 상변화물질인 펜탄을 작동물질로 하는 에너지변환장치를 제작하여 실험하였다. 장치는 각부의 크기를 그 기능과 상호작용 원리에 따라 논리에 맞게 최적 설계하였다. 장치의 제작 후 실험을 통하여 그 운전 특성을 분석하여 성능향상에 필요한 자료를 획득하고자 하였다. 작동물질인 펜탄을 가열하는 탱크 내부의 온도는 사이클 경과시간에 따라 약 $40­86^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 변동하고 있었으며, 물탱크내 온도 약 $23­24^{\circ}C$, 공기탱크 내 온도 $22­23.5^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 비교적 일정하게 유지되고 있었다. 응축기내의 온도와 냉각수출구 온도는 냉각수입구 온도수준에 따라 정의 상관관계로 변하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 또한 열 교환 능력도 냉각수 온도수준이 낮을수록 커진다는 것을 확인하였다. 물탱크 내 온도와 응축기내 온도가 상당히 차이가 나므로 물탱크와 응축기와의 연결거리를 최소화하고 연결파이프 크기를 큰 것으로 하여 내부물질이동 저항을 줄이는 것이 바람직하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 실험 중 양수량은 1.6­2.4 liter로 나타났으며, 냉각시간의 수준에 따른 물탱크내의 흡입물높이 상승은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 응축기로부터의 냉각수 배출파이프가 연장되지 않은 경우 냉각수 유량이 5.9 liter/min 이었으나 연장파이프가 있을 때는 2.3 liter/min으로 나타났다. 이러한 현상에서 양수하는 물의 온도가 낮고 유량이 부족한 경우에는 연장파이프를 이용하는 것이 좋고, 냉각수치 양은 풍부하지만 그 온도가 낮지 않은 경우에는 연장파이프를 이용하지 않는 것이 좋다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 실험에서의 응축기내 냉각수의 최대 열교환량은 95.75 kJ/min로 나타났다. 작동물질가열탱크와 기액 분리탱크 내의 압력은 0.13­0.14 MPa.a, 물탱크와 응축기내의 압력은 약 0.11 MPa.a정도로 나타났다. In this study, the energy conversion equipment from the radiation energy to mechanical energy by using n­pentane as the operating fluid was constructed and the performance to pump the water was tested for the utilization of solar powered water pump. The equipment was designed optimally, after the theoretical analyses of the water pumping head and water quantity per cycle were done. The pentane vapour temperature in the condenser and the temperature of the outlet water from the condenser became lowered and the heat transfer rate became higher with decreasing the water inlet level to the condenser. The temperature difference between the condenser and the water tank was significant. Therefore, the distance between the water tank and condenser was recommended to be shorten and the diameter of their connecting pipe was recommended to be narrow in order to reduce the resistance of the fluid passage and improve the heat transfer rate. The amount of water pumped was 1.6­2.4 liters. Mass flow rate of the cooling water became lowered when the cooling water pipe was prolonged from the condenser to improve the heat transfer rate.

역삼투압방식의 냉/온정수기 퇴수를 이용한 수랭식 응축기와 기존의 공랭식 응축기 성능비교

이재원(Jae Won Lee),정청우(Chung Woo Jung),김성수(Sung Soo Kim),강용태(Yong Tae Kang) 대한설비공학회 2010 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.6

The reverse osmosis type water purifier is able to purify only about 20~40% of the tap water or underground water, and the rest is discarded. Generally, the cooling system of a small domestic cold & hot water purifier uses an air cooled type condenser. One disadvantage of this system is that the cooling capacity depends on the ambient conditions, therefore it needs a big size of heat exchangers. However, it is possible to solve this problem by reusing the drain water in the water cooled type condenser. The power consumption rate of the cooling system with the air cooled type condenser is estimated as 66.2W, while that with the a water cooled type condenser is estimated as 54.2W. Therefore, the water cooled type condenser reusing drain water is recommended to reduce the power consumption in the compressor.

태양열을 받는 경사진 육면체 내 해수의 응축특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김범한(Kim,Beom-Han),김병철(Kim,Byung-Chul) 한국태양에너지학회 2011 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.31 No.4

To find effective way or the production of distilled water for drought and flood with solar radiation. three boxes were made same base each 1000㎜ × 1000㎜ and tops are 45 degree. Individual boxes contained the sea water, rain water and surface water were placed at the same location and same time. Condensation of each box has been compared. On clear day production of distilled water in the box with sea water was 36% and 32% less than boxes with rain water and surface water. The maximum condensation reached when the temperature of the top and bottom parts are equal. As concentration of sea water increased production of distilled water was decreased. In the box with sea water, the surface temperature was lower than 3cm below the surface. Optimum collector area for producing distilled water 2000㎖ of these three boxes were 3.75㎡.

수냉식 응축기를 활용한 자동차용 에어컨 시스템 효율 향상에 관한 실험적 연구

최준영(Junyoung Choi),원승식(Seungsik Won),안용남(Yongnam Ahn),신현근(Hyunkeun Shin),왕윤호(Yoonho Wang),김재연(Jaeyeon Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

Recently regulations regarding C0₂ emission and fuel economy of automobile are being increased. Accordingly power consumption reduction of Mobile Air-Conditioning system(MAC) has been continuously requested. There have been numerous attempts to use a water-cooled condenser instead of conventional air-cooled condenser in an airconditioning system. This paper describes an experimental results of using water-cooled condenser in air-conditioning system. Using additional water-cooled condenser was the most effective way among numerous water-cooled condenser systems. The water-cooled condenser cools refrigerant from superheated state to a two-phase state and the air-cooled condenser cools from two-phase state to sub cool state. This was named combined cooling condenser system which had both a water cooled condenser and an air cooled condenser. Bench and vehicle test were conducted to verify the effects to reduce power consumption due to decreased discharge pressure of air-conditioning system. By using combined cooling condenser system, A/C efficiency improved about 9.4% over the conventional A/C system.

가습연소 폐열회수 보일러의 물분사 설계모델 구축에 관한 연구

신재훈 ( Jaehun Shin ),문석수 ( Seoksu Moon ) 한국분무공학회 2021 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.26 No.2

In order to improve the overall efficiency and meet the emission regulations of boiler systems, the heat exchanging methods between inlet air and exhaust gas have been used in boiler systems, named as the waste-heat-recovery condensing boiler. Recently, to further improve the overall efficiency and to reduce the NOx emission simultaneously, the concept of the water injection into the inlet air is introduced. This study suggests the models for the optimized design parameters of water injection for waste-heat-recovery condensing boilers and performs the analysis regarding the water injection amount and droplet sizes for the optimized water injection. At first, the required amount of the water injection was estimated based on the 1^st law of thermodynamics under the assumption of complete evaporation of the injected water. The result showed that the higher the inlet air and exhaust gas temperature into the heat exchanger, the larger the amount of injected water is needed. Then two droplet evaporation models were proposed to analyze the required droplet size of water injection for full evaporation of injected water: one is the evaporation model of droplet in the inlet air and the other is that on the wall of heat exchanger. Based on the results of two models, the maximum allowable droplet sizes of water injection were estimated in various boiler operating conditions with respect to the residence time of the inlet air in the heat exchanger.

Numerical analysis of transient pressure variation in the condenser of a nuclear power station

Xinjun Wang,Zijie Zhou,Zhao Song,Qiankui Lu,Jiafu Li 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.2

To research the characteristics of the transient variation of pressure in a nuclear power station condenser under accident condition, a mathematical model was established which simulated the cycling cooling water, heat transfer and pressure in the condenser. The calculation program of transient variation characteristics was established in Fortran language. The pump’s parameter, cooling line’s organization, check valve’s feature and the parameter of siphonic water-collecting well are involved in the cooling water flow’s mathematical model. The initial conditions of control volume are determined by the steady state of the condenser. The transient characteristics of a 1000 MW nuclear power station’s condenser and cooling water system were examined. The results show that at the condition of plant-powersuspension of pump, the cooling water flow rate decreases rapidly and refluxes, then fluctuates to 0. The variation of heat transfer coefficient in the condenser has three stages: at start it decreases sharply, then increases and decreases, and keeps constant in the end. Under three conditions (design, water and summer), the condenser pressure goes up in fluctuation. The time intervals between condenser’s pressure signals under three conditions are about 26.4 s, which can fulfill the requirement for safe operation of nuclear power station.

액적의 증발에 미치는 수증기 농도의 영향

김용우,이명준,이상석,정성식,하종률 동아대학교 생산기술연구소 1999 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.1

This study is to investigate the influences of water vapor on evaporation of single droplet. We obtained the time histories of droplet diameter from droplets image taken by a CCD camera. Droplets of water-soluble ethanol and water-insoluble paraffin hydrocarbon droplets were exposed in temperature, 473K and atmospheric pressure as the ambient condition. The following are results about evaporation of single droplet which exposure in the field of water vapor of high temperature. There is almost none which water vapor concentration affect on water droplet. But, ethanol droplet had significant influence. In the case of n-heptane has the boiling point which is lower than the boiling point of water, a evaporation rate increase with water vapor concentration. The evaporation rate of n-hexadecane which is higher than the boiling point of water and water-insoluble paraffin hydrocarbon droplet also increased in the high moisture environment.