시도별 통근통학 인구이동의 속성 변화: 2005~2010년

손승호 ( Seung Ho Son ) 한국도시지리학회 2012 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This paper analysed the change of the population size, destination pattern, commuting mode and commuting time targeted commuting and students` commuting flows. The population size of commuting increased remarkably in the urban area, but the ratio of commuting in Seoul and Busan decreased. The job-housing balance in local spaces (eup, myeon, dong) has greatly improved, and the intra-regional commuting rate in rural area was high. The changing patterns of destinations were divided into two types. One type is that the ratio of commuting reaching for different si-gun-gu decreased largely. The other is that the ratio of commuting heading to different eup-myeon-dong in same si-gun-gu was greatly reduced. Since 2010, the ratio of using complex modes increased and especially, such an increasing phenomenon is more prominent in big cities than rural areas. The pattern selecting commuting mode was changed due to subway systems since 2005 and cars and buses formed interactive-substitutes relations in commuting modes. Commuting time has increased a little since 2010. The time using one mode of transportation increased but the time using complex modes was reduced. This is due to the improvement of transfer systems focused on big cities.

도시철도 개통이 통근·통학인구 변화에 미치는 영향 분석

임정은,조성훈 한국교통연구원 2019 交通硏究 Vol.26 No.3

How do Metro Rail expansions in metropolitan areas affect commuting flows over time? We build a panel dataset from the Korea Census, incorporating all commuting zones in Busan, to conduct an empirical study of the commuting effect of Metro Rail expansions. Using the quasi difference-in- difference time variation of Metro Rail expansions, we find the connection between regions with 9% increases in commuting flows, as compared to equivalent tracts that are not connected. The impact of ridership improvement from Metro Rail stations at origin or destination also leads to a 10-12% increase in commuting flows. 도시철도의 연결 및 개통이 대도시 지역에서 통근·통학인구 흐름에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 본 연구에서는 부산광역시의 16개 지역구 및 인접 통행권을 포괄한 지역패널 자료를 구축하여 2000년 이후 부산광역시 도시철도의 확장이 통근·통학인구 흐름을 어떻게 변화시켰는지 분석한다. 준자연실험(quasi-natural experiment)적인 도시철도 건설의 속성을 이용한 실증 분석 결과, 부산광역시의 도시철도로 인한 두 지역의 연결은 그렇지 않은 지역에 비해 통근·통학인구의 흐름이 9% 증가하였다. 지역 내 도시철도역의 개통 또한 개통되지 않은 지역에 비해 통근·통학인구의 흐름이 10~12% 높았다.

통근통행에 의한 직⋅간접 흐름을 이용한 지역의 중심성 분석

이종상,서덕수 한국농촌지도학회 2020 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.27 No.3

The regional centrality plays a very important role in national and regional planning and it is measured by data such as people, goods, and information flows among regions. The inter-regional flows are usually considered by only direct flows, yet indirect flows, which are generated accordingly from direct flows, are not critically considered. Most centrality studies have also hardly reflected the indirect flow in the network analysis. This study demonstrates the significance of the indirect flows to enhance accuracy of the regional centrality. The nationwide dataset of inter-regional commuter traffic matrix is used in this study and analysed into two groups; one to consider only direct flow and the other both direct and indirect flows. The results indicate remarkable differences of centrality raking between two groups such as Yeongam of Jeonnam Province(+60th), Eumseong of Chungbuk Province(+57th), Gwacheon of Gyeonggi Province (-35th), and Nowon of Seoul (-32nd). It clearly shows the significant influence of indirect flow for regional centrality study. This also reveals regional centrality ranking in Korea by considering direct and indirect flows of commuters. Jung, Gangnam, and Jongno of Seoul are categorized in the highest rank group and Ulleung of Gyeongbuk, Ongjin of Incheon, and Jindo of Jeonnam are in the lowest group. The top group includes seven districts of Seoul, two of Busan, and one of Gyeonggi Province. The bottom group includes mostly island and costal areas. As this study shows an accurate method of centrality measurement, it has a significant implication to lead an effective regional planning.

코로나19에 따른 도시 내 인구 이동 변화 탐색 - 서울시 생활이동 데이터에 기반한 통근 패턴을 중심으로 -

이재건,이건학 한국도시지리학회 2022 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.25 No.2

An unprecedented COVID-19 pandamic has dramatically changed the population flows in an urban area. The urban population flow is an important spatial phenomenon which represents the spatial interaction between urban areas and urban dynamics. Although a number of recent studies have been done focusing on COVID-19 and urban mobility, they have not sufficiently explained the socioeconomic aspects of the areal interaction by the change of population flows. In this regard, this paper examines changes in the commuting pattern before and after the pandemic based on the functional relationship among districts in Seoul. For the analysis we utilize Seoul daily life movement data with a high temporal resolution. The functional spatial structure of Seoul is analyzed by delineating functional community districts based on the actual mobility network and clustering those districts with similar industrial properties in a community. The result shows that the clusters specialized in IT and finance·insurance have a more sudden decline of commuting inflows compared to the clusters specialized in manufacturing, and the sector-specific environment for the remote work might cause this difference in the commuting pattern. Also, the specific differences at the commuting link level can be attributed to the functional relationship and the geographical locations between community districts. This paper would be significant by analyzing the impact of the pandemic on urban economic activities based on the spatial structure of urban functions. Also, it is expected that the results based on real-time daily life movement data would be utilized for urban epidemiology as well as various areas such as transportation planning and land development. 전대미문의 코로나19는 도시 내 인구 이동의 패턴을 극적으로 변화시키고 있다. 도시 인구 이동은 도시 내부의 지역 간 상호작용과 기능적 역동성을 반영하는 중요한 공간 현상이다. 이러한 점에서 최근 코로나19와 도시 모빌리티에 관한 여러 연구가 수행되고 있지만 지역 간 상호작용의 사회경제적 측면을 충분히 설명하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 코로나19에 따른 서울시의 지역 간 통근 패턴 변화를 지역 간 기능적 관계에 기반하여분석하였다. 코로나19 전후의 인구 이동 변화를 살펴보기 위해 높은 시간적 해상도를 지닌 서울시 생활이동 데이터를 이용하였으며, 서울의 기능적 공간 구조는 실제 인구 이동에 기반한 커뮤니티 생활권 구획과 산업 기능적 특성에 따른 등질지역 클러스터 구분을 통해 파악하였다. 분석 결과, 정보통신업이나 금융보험업에 특화된 클러스터는제조업에 특화된 클러스터에 비해 통근 유입이 크게 감소하였으며, 이러한 차이는 업종별로 원격근무를 도입할 수있는 업무 여건의 차이에 기인한다고 볼 수 있다. 세부적으로 개별 통근 링크 단위에서는 두 생활권 간의 기능적 관계와 지리적 위치에 따라 변화 양상이 달랐다. 본 연구는 전염병이 도시 경제 활동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 공간구조적 관점에서 분석했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한, 실시간 생활이동 데이터에 기반한 분석 결과는 향후 도시역학뿐 아니라 교통 계획 및 토지 개발 등 다양한 분야에서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

O-D행렬에서 간접류의 재해석과 계산방법의 개선

이종상(Lee, Jong-Sang) 한국지역개발학회 2007 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.19 No.2

The graph theory method which is developed by Nystuen & Dacey(1961) has been widely applied for nodal regionalization by using interaction O-D matrices. One desirable property of the Nystuen & Dacey model is the inclusion of indirect flows in addition to direct flows. But there are some problems in this model, its names, the interpretation and magnitude of indirect flows. The results of this study are as follows: ① there are no indirect flows by way of direct flows concerning flows such as passengers, commodities, and money itself. Thus, it is not necessary to consider indirect flows. Indirect flows is interpreted as transfer of information through passengers, commodities, and money among regions; ② The proper adjacency matrix is aij=xij/Pj. The Nysten & Dacey model and the new model to the trips of commuters in Jejs Prefecture was applied in this study. By comparison, the new model proved to be more appropriate to the information transfer by direct commuters. Therefore, the new model was found to be more useful.

네트워크 분석을 통한 수도권의 공간구조 변화, 1980-2000년

이희연,김홍주 대한국토·도시계획학회 2006 國土計劃 Vol.41 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformation of the spatial structure by commuting flows in the Capital region during the period of 1980-2000. In this study, social network analysis method is adopted to construct the topology of commuting flows and to calculate the degree-centrality and prestige-centrality of nodal points within commuting network. The meaningful characteristics found during the last 20 year analysis can be summarized as the decline of traditional downtown(Jongro & Jung-gu) and the emergence of a new CBD(Kangnam-gu). Also new towns such as Sungnam, Youngin, Goyang, have firmly established as subcenters for the Capital region, absorbing more in-commuters. The inter-regional linkage system in the Capital region was reshaped, and the spatial structure of commuting flows was organized in a more complicated and wider bound during the study period. Findings can provide important implications for spatial policy of the Capital region to coping with the transportation problem in the future. 키 워 드 통근통행, 사회네트워크 분석, 연결중심성, 위세중심성Keywords Commuting Flows, Social Network Analysis, Degree Centrality, Prestige Centrality

직주공간배분문제를 기초로 한 도시공간구조와 통근통행의 변화에 관한 연구

이소희,이명훈,鈴木勉 대한국토·도시계획학회 2006 國土計劃 Vol.41 No.2

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship of changing commuting distance and urban structure whether centralized or decentralized based on the optimal commuting assignment problem as defined by the classical transportation problem. The theoretical minimum and maximum commuting distance in the optimal solution leads to the calculation of three indices as named "Excess", "UCI" and "TFR". This is formulated and applied to the Census data from Korean and Japanese Metropolitan Areas from 1980 to 2000. The main results of this study show that 1) only Seoul and Busan MA indicated increasing commuting distance and high value of indices in Korea. Moreover, Busan MA showed inefficient commuting compared to Seoul MA. 2) Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka MA have more decentralized spatial structure and high Excess and TFR compared to other metropolitan areas in Japan. 3) However, Tokyo and Osaka MA could have much high cross commuting compared to Seoul MA even though those metropolitan areas have the same decentralized structure is found out.키 워 드 도시구조, 최소최대 통근통행거리, 초과통근, 교통유동율, 도시통합지수Keywords Urban Structure, MinimumMaximum Commuting Distance, Excess Commuting, Traffic Flow Rate, Urban Consolidation Index

수도권 대학생의 통학통행 흐름의 변화

이희연(Lee Hee-Yeon),이제연(Lee Je-Yeon) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2009 國土計劃 Vol.44 No.7

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in university students' commuting flows in the Capital region during the period of 1995-2005. Even though the regulation policy of university location in the Capital region, the number of the universities and especially colleges has been increased in the the 1990s. Also the excessive new housing developments in the Capital region have affected the in-commuting flows of university students. As a result of analyzing characteristics of university students' commuting network based on O-D matrix of the inter-regional flows in the Capital region, in-commuting trips tends to concentrate in a small number of nodes which are located in Seoul. Also, several cities such as Suwon, Seongnam, Yongin in the Capital region are strengthening their status as new commuting centers by absorbing commuting flows from students who have lived in new towns. The inter-regional commuting flows of university students' in the Capital region was organized in a more complicated and wider bound during the study period. Findings can provide important implications for spatial policy of the Capital region to coping with the university town development in the future.

통근통학자료를 이용한 광주전남의 도시계층 및 생활권 분석

정환영,전경숙,김선아,윤혜연 한국도시지리학회 2020 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.23 No.1

This research was conducted to analyze how urban hierarchy and zone of life changes using commuting data of Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do Prefecture. As a result of studying the structure of urban hierarchy of the region, there was no significant change between 2000 and 2015. The commuting nodal flows of Gwangju is expanding to strengthen superiority while regional relationship among Yeosu, Suncheon, and Gwangyang is concrete. Despite Suncheon being smaller city than Yeosu is, it has commuting area that includes more towns. Reviewing the urban tributary areas of Gwangju, Mokpo, Yeosu, Suncheon, and Naju, it tends to grow in common but only Gwangju showed distinct change. According to zone of life analysis based on commuting pattern in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do Prefecture, it was possible to categorize as 3 areas - Gwangju Metropolitan, South-western, and South-eastern. 본 연구에서는 광주·전남지역의 통근·통학자료를 활용하여 도시계층 및 생활권의 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 2000년과 2015년 광주·전남지역의 도시계층구조를 분석한 결과, 전체적인 틀은 변함이 없었다. 수위도시인 광주는통근·통학 결절류가 확대되고 있어, 수위성이 더욱 강화되고 있다. 또한, 전남 동남부에 위치한 여수, 순천, 광양 등은상호간 지역 연계가 매우 강하고, 순천은 여수에 비하여 도시규모가 작음에도 불구하고 더 많은 지역들을 포함하는통근권을 가지고 있다. 광주, 목포, 여수, 순천, 나주 등 상위 5개 도시를 대상으로 도시세력권을 파악한 결과, 전반적으로 도시세력권이 확대되는 경향이 있으나, 광주를 제외한 나머지 4개 지역(목포·여수·순천·나주)은 그 변화가 미미하였다. 통근·통학 패턴에 근거한 광주·전남지역의 생활권이 명확하게 나타났다. 즉 광주대도시권, 남서부권, 남동부권 등 3개 권역으로 구분할 수 있으며, 이러한 패턴은 2000년과 2015년 사이에 크게 변화하지 않았다.

Economic Impacts of Transportation Investment on Regional Growth: Evidence from a Computable General Equilibrium Model on Japan’s Cross-Prefectural-Border Region

Thi Thu Trang HA(Thi Thu Trang HA ),Hiroyuki SHIBUSAWA(Hiroyuki SHIBUSAWA ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

This paper proposes and examines the economic impact of infrastructure improvement on the San-En-Nanshin region in the Chubu area of Japan. We develop a single transportation computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for each subregion within the San-En-Nanshin region. The explicit modeling of the transportation infrastructure is defined based on interregional commuting flows and business trips, considering the spatial structure of the San-En-Nanshin economy. A CGE model is integrated with an interregional transportation network model to enhance the framework’s potential for understanding the infrastructure’s role in regional development. To evaluate the economic impact of transportation improvement, we analyze the interrelationship between travel time savings and regional output and income. The economic impact analysis under the CGE framework reveals how transportation facilities and systems affect firm and household behavior and therefore induce changes in the production and consumption of commodities and transportation services. The proposed theoretical model was tested by using data from the 2005 IO tables of each subregion and the 2006 transport flow dataset issued by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism in Japan. As a result, the paper confirms the positive effect of transportation investment on the total output and income of the studied region. Specifically, we found that while economic benefits typically appear in urban areas, rural areas can still potentially benefit from transportation improvement projects.