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정환영 한국사진지리학회 2019 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.29 No.3
본 연구에서는 2000년과 2015년 인구센서스 통근⋅통학 마이크로 데이터를 활용하여 도시 위계에 따른 충청지역의 도시세력권을 분석하고자 하였다. 2000년과 2015년 충청지역의 도시시스템을 분석한 결과 전체적인 틀은변함이 없었으나, 대전광역시보다 청주시가 상대적으로 확장되는 경향을 보이고 있고, 천안, 아산시 등 충남 서북부도시의 위상이 강화되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 외부통근율의 변화를 살펴보면, 대전, 청주, 천안 등의 대도시와 이격되어 있는 지역에서 외부통근율이 낮게 나타나고 있다. 통⋅근학에 의한 도시세력권의 변화를 분석한 결과, 대전광역시는 2000년에는 반경 30km 내외였던 것이 2015년에는 반경 50km 내외로, 청주시는 반경 20-30km에서 반경40km 정도 범위까지, 천안시는 반경 15km에서 반경 35km 정도 범위까지 확대되었다. 세종시의 인구는 급격하게늘고 있으나, 도시계층의 형성은 아직 미약한 단계라고 할 수 있다. 향후 세종특별자치시의 도시기능 확충과 도시위상의 변화에 따라 대전-세종-청주로 이어지는 삼각 거대도시권의 형성이 예상된다.
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뇌저부 경막외 정맥 조영법의 임상 : 골수내 조영제 주입에 의한 새 방법
정환영 대한신경외과학회 1972 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.1 No.1
Intraosseous venographic features of the skull base have been studied by the injection of a water-soluble radiopaque medium into the occipital condyle. By this method, the whole intracranial epidural venous structures of the skull bass were demonstrated without overlapping of the extracranial veins, except jugular veins and upper cervical vertebral venous plexi. Since 1966, a total of 82 venographies have been performed for the diagnosis of various lesions in the skull base. This series consisted of acoustis neurinoma(3), jugular glomus. tumor(2), pituitary adenoma (6), sphenoid ridge meningioma (l), metastatic tumor (7), venous malformation (8), pachymeningitis externa(22), parasite infestation(3) trigeminal neuralgia(3), pseudotumor cerebri(16) and others(11). Method: Under premedication of Seconal 100 ㎎ and Demerol 50 ㎎, the patient is placed in the Bowen-Hirtz position. However, until the plain roentgenogram is taken the patient may use a pillow for a comfortable interval. The skin of the mandibulomastoid region is perpared with iodine. A procaine wheal on superficial tissue is made 0.5 cm below the lowest attachment of the pinna. Through this wheal an 18-guage spinal puncture needle is introduced in a slightly superior and posterior direction (superior 20˚ angle, posterior 10˚ angle) until the bony surface is touched. The needle is further introduced through the bony cortex by steady pressure and rotation. When the needle is firmly fixed the stylet is withdrawn and blood is aspirated from the needle as if in a vein. If free injection with 3~5cc of a saline is established easily by hand, the stylet should be replaced as before. The pillow is then removed and a plain X-ray film, submentovertical view, is taken. After confirmation of an adequate placement of the needle to the occipital condyle on the roentgenogram, an injection of 30 cc of 60% angioconray is made as rapidly as possible by hand or a pressure injector. This is the only part of the examination that may cause discomfort to the patient. A film should be taken toward the end of the injection. One film is usually sufficient. Manual jugular compression and/or Vasalva maneuvers, to increase opacification, may be used but its efficacy is not always sufficiently constant. Satisfactory jugular compression can be obtained by use of a sphygmomanometer cuff, adjusted around the neck and inflated up to about 50 mmHg. With this technique the whole venous structure of the skull base, includding the middle meningeal and orbital sinuses, can be visualized. This method, because of the close situation of the occipital condyle, has the advantage of demonstrating the whole marginal sinus of the foramen magnum and the upper cervical vertebral venous plexi. To date no complications have been encountered. Its diagnostic significance is gratifying in detecting the extent and localization of space-occupying lesions, inflammatory processes and venous thrombsois or malformation of the skull base.
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인삼이 식욕중추의 조직구조에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구
정환영 대한신경외과학회 1976 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.5 No.1
Tremendous studies have been accumulated on the tonic effects of the ginseng to date. They are temporary effects on the heart, blood, kidney, liver, spleen etc. during the ginseng-administered period. After this period, however, these transient effects were completely abolished soon or later. Time-honored continuous tonic effects of ginseng remained mystic. In 1975, author reaffirmed histological changes on the ventromedial nuclei the appetite center resulting voracious appetite and weight-gain in gold-thioglucoseinjected mice. It was evident that "the irreversible tissue changes" could explain "continuous" effects on the appetite and weight-gain. This study was performed to observe whether ginseng evokes histological change on the appetite center of the hypothalamus or not. Materials and Method : A total of 53 albino mice of both sexes were fed with commercial rodent feed; 12 out of 53 were fed conastrast group, 13 were fed adding 1% of ginseng powder for 4 weeks; 14, 2% and the other 14, 4% respectively. All of experimental groups were fed with rodent feed not containing ginseng for further 8 weeks until sacrificed. Results : Group fed roden feed with 2% ginseng powder showed weight-gain in comparition with the other groups. The difference of body weight, however, gradually decrased and became slight at the end of 8 weeks. Macro-ad microscopically, there was no significant hostological change between the each group although some questionable increase or decrease of diffuse hypothalamic cell groups including both feeding and satiety centers. Conclusion: The significant histological change did not develop on the appetite center with administration of the ginseng powder for 4 weeks in the mice.
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