제주방언의 인식양태 표현 - 형용사 구문의 부사어 ‘잘도’를 중심으로

강정희(Kang Jeonghui) 한국언어문학회 2006 한국언어문학 Vol.59 No.-

  In Korean Language adverb phrase ‘jal-do’ have to agree with action verb sentence. But these syntactic constraints can be invalid rule in Jeju Dialect. That is, adverb phrase ‘jal-do’ can agree with action verb and degree, changeable, (eg. cold / hot, short / long, etc.) adjective sentences in this dialect.<BR>  On this point two questions as follow was given :<BR>  1. Why do Jeju dialect speakers selected adverb phrase ‘jal-do’ in degree, changeable, (eg. cold / hot, short / long, etc.) adjective sentences?<BR>  2. What is function and meaning of adverb phrase ‘jal-do’? In this paper I have attempted to explain cognitive function of adverb phrase ‘jal-do’ in degree, changeable, (eg. cold / hot, short / long, etc.) adjective sentences in this dialect.<BR>  The following summarizes what I have discussed about the problems above :<BR>  1. Jeju dialect speakers recognize degree, changeable, (eg. cold / hot, short / long, etc.) states in time as movements in space in the same way. This recognition caused to selected adverb phrase ‘jal-do’ in adjective sentences.<BR>  2. Adverb phrase ‘jal-do’ in adjective sentences is a element which performs a kind of cognitive expression in Jeju Dialect. And adverb phrase ‘jal-do’ in adjective sentences has relationship with exclamatory expression.<BR>  3. Adverb ‘jal’ has meaning of "beyond / more then / above of one’s norm or expectation in terms of cognition.<BR>  4. Exclamatory expression in this dialect can be possible when adverb ‘jal’ combined with a particle ‘do’ as one unit.

표현의 인지 정도 설정을 위한 연구

이광호 우리말글학회 2001 우리말 글 Vol.21 No.-

This paper examines semantic grades in subjective stative-verbs in Korean. Specifically, I look at their difference in meaning and propose six levels of cognitive degrees for them. Language is tool to express the status of a human's mind. When the language does not satisfy this purpose, man fulfills his desire through action, In doing so, language expression takes more steps to makes its desire clear before action. Subjective stative-verb is a mechanism describing speaker's feeling. This study aims to systemize the semantic grade for subjective stative-verb. Main purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of expression on the basis of meaning expressed in the utterance language. For this I established the level upon cognitive degree as follows. The level of expression based on subjective stative-verbs shows from subjective stative-verb(level 1) to notional-verb(level 6) by cognitive degree. At first, expressive intention acts incompletly at the stage of level '-어하-'(level 2). But when it is level '-어해하-'(level 3), expressive intention is thought to be acknowledged by others. Comparing subjective stative-verbsand actional-verbs, 1 argue that subjective stative-verbs take a series of expression process. On the other hand, actional-verbs had two different types. Whether verbs have action or not is determined by cognitive degrees.

중국 도시농민공의 호구전환의지에 관한 실증분석 -베이징시, 상하이시, 광저우시 중심으로-

박상수 ( Sang Soo Park ),고명걸 ( Ming Jie Gao ),잔차이나 ( Caina Zhan ) 한중사회과학학회 2016 한중사회과학연구 Vol.14 No.1

In view of the advantages of urban hukou(household registration system), many migrant workers working in the city want to transfer rural hukou to urban hukou to get preferential policy for self-development or their children. Even though the hukou system reform are proceeded, they still have barriers on the road to become citizens, especially in large cities like Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing city. Based on the precious studies, this study attempts to examine the relationship among institutional cognition, social cognition, personal cognition as independent variables, policy concern degree as a mediating variable, and switching intention of urban hukou as dependent variable, and the different cognition about independent variables among three cities. The empirical analysis shows that policy concern degree is positively associated with security, stability of institutional cognition and employment, medical treatment, environment of social cognition and alienation of city life, satisfied degree of city life, future orientation of personal cognition. On the contrary, it is negatively associated with distinctiveness and education. Besides, the correlation between policy concern degree and switching intention of urban hukou is obviously significant. Furthermore, degree of policy concern has a partial mediating effect to independent variables, security and alienation of city life, and dependent variable consisting of switching intention of urban hukou. This paper details some factors is very important for migrant workers to transfer their hukou status and some are not. The findings of the research have implications for policy makers interested in promoting a more balanced development of population and city and for rural areas, in order to keep talented people, it is important to improve benefits and privileges in aspects of educational resources, employment and pension. Besides, it should deepen reforms concerning hukou system, for instance, standardize the turnover of rural collective-owned construction land’s exploitation right, and guide the rural-urban population to mobile reasonably to achieve the balance between supply and demand.

The Degrees of Freedom Region of the Cognitive Interference Channel With Delayed Channel State Information Feedback

Dae Kyu Shin,Wan Choi Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE Transactions on Communications Vol. No.

<P>This paper studies two-user cognitive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference channel with delayed channel state information at transmitter (CSIT), where a transmitter possesses noncasual knowledge of data originating at the other user. We first derive an upper bound of degrees-of-freedom (DoF) region and then propose DoF bound achieving schemes for various antenna configurations. Since interference condition and interference suppression capability vary with antenna configurations, the proposed DoF optimal schemes differently utilize cognitive transmission based on delayed CSIT to suppress interference and thus differ in the required numbers of time slots and transmit symbols, although the key idea of swapping interfering signals between users is common. Comparing with the DoF regions of relevant channels, we identify and analyze the contributions of cognitive transmission and delay CSIT toward enlarging the DoF region. Our analysis specifies antenna configurations where delayed CSIT and cognitive transmission are useful, respectively.</P>

사회복지전달 체계의 인식틀에 대한 연구

김춘택(Kim, Choon-Taik) 한국복지행정학회 2012 복지행정논총 Vol.22 No.2

본 논문의 연구 목적은 다음과 같은 질문에 답하기 위한 것이다. 1. 사회복지 전달체계의 내용은 어떠한가? 2. 사회복지전달체계의 인식틀은 무엇인가? 첫째, 사회복지전달체계의 내용은 (1) 사회복지정책과 체계 (2)특성 (3)효과 (4)평가 (5)사회복지전달문제이다. 둘째, 사회복지전달체계의 인식틀은 2가지 축을 지니고 있다. 하나는 체계지향이고 다른 하나는 사회복지전달정도이다. 사회복지전달정도는 높고 낮음으로 구성되어 있다. 체계지향은 자본주의와 사회주의이다. 자본주의지향은 독점자본주의와 순수자본주의로 나누어지고 사회주의지향은 페비언주의와 맑시즘으로 나누어 진다. 이와 같이 볼 때, 우리가 사회복지전달체계의 인식틀이 있으면, 복지전달체계를 잘 인식할 수 있다. 본 연구의 함의는 어떠한 사회과학 현상을 분석하든지간에 분석틀이 있어야 한다는 것이다. The aim of this treatise is to answer the following questions. 1. How is the contents of social welfare delivery system? 2. What is the cognition framework of social welfare delivery system? First, the contents of social welfare delivery system are (1) social welfare policy and system (2) characteristics (3) effect (4) evaluation (5) problem of social welfare delivery. Second, the cognition framework of social welfare delivery system has two axes. One is system orientation, the other is social welfare delivery degree. Social welfare delivery degree are high and low. System orientation is capitalism and socialism, Capitalism orientation is monopoly capitalism, pure capitalism, Socialism orientation is Fabianism, Marxism. Like this, if we have the cognition framework of social welfare delivery system, we can recognize social welfare delivery system, well. The social science implication of this study is that whatever we analyze social science phenomena, we should have analysis framework

최근 10여 년간 중국어 ‘副+名’ 구문의 연구현황 분석

김은희 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2023 인문사회과학연구 Vol.24 No.3

More than 30 years after the emergence of the ‘副+名’ phrase and the beginning of research, I wondered how the Chinese language community currently views this phrase. Accordingly, this study attempted to analyze papers in China over the past 10 years on the ‘副+名’ phrase to diagnose the current status of research and explore new research directions that are considered worth studying in the future. This paper collected a total of 87 papers since 2010 (2010-2023) from CNKI, a Chinese academic database. In the analysis of the research status of Chapter II of this paper, the timing of the emergence of the phrase ‘副+名’, changes in scholars' perceptions of non-normative phrases, and the characteristics of research trends by period were examined. The emergence of ‘副+名’ has already begun in ancient Chinese, and it can be seen that scholars' perception of the ‘副+名’ phrase is now a process of finding a reasonable cause in the confrontation between opposition and recognition. The number of research papers with the phrase ‘副+名’ has been gradually drawing a downward curve since the early 2010s and then drawing an upward curve again from 2023. In the study's contents, the frequency was high in the order of "grammar> meaning, cognition> cause of appearance, universal motivation> bilingual contrast> rhetoric> dialect, translation> foreign Chinese, normality." In particular, papers related to investigation were classified separately. The phrase ‘副+名’ has excellent rhetorical effect, differs from the scope of research in lexical and grammatical studies, and is sometimes used transformatively, breaking conventional rules. In addition to public research and communication research, theoretical research was divided into studies based on 'categorization and de-categorization of grammar, concept metaphor and conceptual conversion, and cognitive model'. Future tasks in Chapter III suggested comparison of '副+名' with other foreign languages and Chinese phrases, strategies for translation of '副+名', comparison of Chinese dialects with Chinese '副+名' phrases, efficient teaching-learning methods for foreigners, and research on special '副+名' phrases.

‘沒+정도부사+X’ 구문에 대한 小考

정주연(Chung, Ju-Youn) 동아인문학회 2021 동아인문학 Vol.56 No.-

본고는 ‘还没太亮’,‘没太聽懂’과 같은 ‘沒+정도부사+X’구문을 연구대상으로 ‘X’의 특징을 분석하고, 인지의미론을 바탕으로 ‘沒’와 정도부사가 공기할 수 있는 근거와 그 의미에 대해 논의하였다. 코퍼스 조사결과를 바탕으로 먼저 ‘X’에 사용되는 형용사와 동사의 구문 특징에 대해 서술했다. 다음으로 동태성을 부정하는 부사 ‘沒(有)’와 정도부사가 어떻게 함께 어울려 형용사뿐 아니라 이산성(離散性)의 특징을 지닌 동사성성분을 수식할 수 있는지에 대해 인지의미론의 관점에서 증명했다. 마지막으로 이를 통해 ‘沒+정도부사+X’구문은 사건이 발생한 시점부터 종료시점 혹은 발화가 이루어지는 시점까지 ‘X’가 나타내는 동작, 활동, 상태변화 등을 통해 도달한 결과를 설명, 평가하는 의미이며, 발화자 또는 행위의 주체자가 기대하거나 예상한 정도에 미치지 못한다는 의미도 표현할 수 있음을 밝혔다. This study discussed the validity of the structure of “沒+Degree Adverb+X” as in “还没太亮” and “没太聽懂.” Based on the results of corpus research, this study first identified the syntactic features of adjectives and verbs mainly used in the position of X, then demonstrated how the negative adverb “沒(有)” that denies dynamics can be used in conjunction with degree adverbs that have the features of continuous quanity. The negative adverb “沒(有)” denies dynamicity, but the meaning of the whole sentence states external statements. Therefore, the characteristic of discrete sheep disappears, and it has the characteristic of continuous sheep that can be used for adverbs of degree. In addition, based on the discussion, this study observed that the structure “沒+Degree Adverb+X” is intended to describe and assess the results reached through the action, activity, and state change indicated by the X during the time from the occurrence of the event to the point of completion of utterance and that it can also express the meaning that the degree expected or predicted by the speaker has not reached.

영어 독해 문제 난이도와 학습자 수준에 따른 고등학생들의 상위인지 전략 사용에 관한 연구

안창용(Ahn, Chang-yong),한문섭(Han, Moon-sub) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 읽기 능력이 다른 고등학생들이 난이도가 다른 영어 독해 문제에 대해 어떠한 독해 전략을 사용하는지에 대한 양상을 알아보고 그 결과를 토대로 학생의 읽기 능력에 따라, 문제의 난이도에 따라 독해 전략에 대한 지도를 어떻게 해야 할지 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구는 읽기 능력이 다른 고등학교 학생들이 난이도가 다른 독해 문제를 해결할 때 사용한 상위인지 전략을 측정하기 위해 설문조사를 하였다. 설문지는 Mokhtari와 Reichard(2002)의 MARSI(Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory)의 항목 중에서 시험 상황에 적절하지 않은 항목들을 제외하고 나머지 항목들을 우리말로 번역하여 제공하였으며 모의고사 성적에 따라 상, 중, 하위 집단으로 분류된 학생들이 난이도가 다른 문제를 해결할 때 어떠한 전략을 사용하는지 대답을 하도록 설문지를 구성하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 읽기 능력이 우수한 학습자일수록 총체적 독해 전략(GLOB), 문제 해결 전략(PROB), 지원적 독 해 전략(SUP) 세 가지 모든 영역의 상위인지 전략을 많이 사용하고 있다. 둘째, 문제의 난이도가 높을수록 학생들은 더 많은 상위인지 전략을 사용하고 문제의 난이도에 따라 학습자들이 활용하는 상위인지 전략의 종류가 다르다. 셋째, 문제의 난이도에 따라 상, 중, 하위 집단 간에 활용하는 상위인지 전략의 종류가 다르다. 따라서, 중위 집단 학생들이 상위 집단으로, 하위 집단 학생들이 중위 집단으로 향상하기 위해서는 그에 알맞은 방법을 안내해야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of meta-cognitive strategies of Korean high school students depending on their reading proficiency and the degree of difficulty of reading passages and to provide guidance about how to teach reading strategies. The study conducted survey about students meta-cognitive reading strategy uses by adapting MARSI(Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002). After grouping students into three group (high, middle, low proficiency group) by the result of reading test, each student was asked to answer the survey questions about how they use meta-cognitive reading strategies in solving reading questions. The results of this study are as follows. First, students in high proficiency group more frequently use reading strategies in all categories of meta-cognitive strategies: Global Reading Strategies, Problem-Solving Strategies and Support Reading Strategies. Second, the more difficult the reading passages are, the more frequently students use meta-cognitive reading strategies. However, if the reading passages are too difficult for students, the use of meta-cognitive reading strategies is reduced. Third, students who have different reading proficiency use different items of meta-cognitive reading strategies. To guide middle or low proficiency level students to become more proficient readers, teachers should offer appropriate items of meta-cognitive reading strategies to students depending on their reading proficiency. Though, meta-cognitive strategy use in reading is a crucial part of learning English, students can not use meta-cognitive reading strategies when their reading ability is not good enough for difficult passages. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers instruct students to improve their reading skills as well as to explore appropriate meta-cognitive reading strategies.

사회참여활동이 고령자 인지기능 손상 정도에 미치는 영향: 도시와 농촌 간 차이 분석

강주영 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.20 No.10

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of social participation types on cognitive impairment degree(normal, mild, severe cognitive function) by urban and rural difference. The research was performed by multinomial logistic regression with the data of elderly 5,668 over 55 years of age from the sixth wave(2016) and the seventh wave(2018) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Results show that social participation reduces the risk of cognitive impairment on both urban and rural older adults regardless of types, but the types of social participation, which are effective to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment, are different between urban and rural area. According to residential area, types of social participation, which are effective to decline the risk of being mild or severe cognitive impairment and the risk of being severe cognitive impairment relative to mild, are different. These findings suggest that, in order to prevent cognitive impairment and reduce the severity, social participation is strongly recommended and appropriate supports are required. This implies policy and intervention efforts considering the urban and rural difference are needed. 본 연구의 목적은 도시 고령자와 농촌 고령자의 사회참여활동 유형이 인지기능 손상 정도(정상, 경증 인지기능저하, 중증 치매 의심)에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 연구목적을 위해 6차(2016년)와 7차(2018년) 고령화 연구패널 조사 데이터 중 55세 이상 고령자 5,668명의 자료를 사용하여 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 하였다. 분석결과는 어떤 유형이든지 사회참여활동 하는 것이 인지기능 장애 위험을 줄여준다는 것은 도시와 농촌 둘 다 일관되게 유의하였으나, 도움이 되는 사회참여활동 유형이 도시와 농촌 간 차이가 있었다. 즉, 도시와 농촌에 사는지에 따라 정상군에서 인지기능저하 또는 치매 의심이 될 위험을 낮추는 데 도움이 되는 사회참여활동 유형과 인지기능저하에서 치매 의심이 될 위험을 낮추는 데 유의한 유형이 달랐다. 따라서 인지기능 장애를 예방하고 치매 중증도를 완화하는 데 사회참여활동을 적극적으로 권장돼야 하며 적절한 지원이 필요하다는 것을 보여준다. 그리고 도시와 농촌의 차이를 고려한 정책과 개입이 요구됨을 함의한다.

온라인 토론학습에서 의사소통 자기효능감, 인지적 참여, 연결정도 중심성과 인지된 학업성취도 간의 관계

김희준 ( Hee Joon Kim ),임규연 ( Kyu Yon Lim ) 한국교육정보미디어학회(구 한국교육정보방송학회) 2016 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 온라인 토론학습에서 의사소통 자기효능감, 인지적 참여(심층적 전략 활용, 표면적 전략활용), 연결정도 중심성(외향중심성, 내향중심성)과 인지된 학업성취도 간의 관계를 탐색하여 성공적인 온라인 토론학습을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 69명의 학부생을 7개의 팀으로 무선 할당하여 3주간 온라인 토론학습을 진행하였고, 자기보고식 설문과 사회연결망분석을 통해 데이터를 수집한후 다중회귀분석, 매개분석과 부트스트래핑을 실시하였다. 상관관계 분석 결과, 의사소통 자기효능감과 연결정도 중심성의 내향중심성은 다른 변인들과 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않아 이후 모든 분석에서 제외되었다. 다중회귀분석과 매개분석 결과, 표면적 전략 활용은 외향중심성을 부적으로, 심층적전략 활용과 외향중심성은 인지된 학업성취도를 정적으로 유의하게 예측하였다. 또한 외향중심성은 심층적 전략 활용과 인지된 학업성취도 간의 관계를 부분매개하고 표면적 전략 활용과 인지된 학업성취도 간의 관계를 완전매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 온라인 토론학습에서 학습자들이 심층적 전략을 활용하고 표면적 전략 활용을 지양하도록 독려해야하며 학습자 특성을 연구함에 있어 속성 변인과 관계성 변인들 간의 메커니즘을 이해할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. This study aims to explore the relationships between the learners’ communication self-efficacy, cognitive engagement(deep strategy use and surface strategy use), degree centrality(out-degree centrality and in-degree centrality), and perceived learning achievement in online discussion. Sixty-nine undergraduate students were randomly assigned to seven teams and they participated in a three week online discussion. Communication self-efficacy, cognitive engagement, and perceived learning achievement were measured by using a self-reporting questionnaire and degree centrality was calculated through NetMiner 4.0. After data collection, descriptive statistic analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and bootstrapping were conducted. However communication self-efficacy and in-degree centrality were excluded from the multiple regression analysis, mediating effects analysis, and bootstrapping because they have no significant correlation with the other variables. The results showed that surface strategy use negatively predicted out-degree centrality and deep strategy use and out-degree centrality significantly predicted perceived learning achievement. Out-degree centrality partially mediated the relationship between deep strategy use and perceived learning achievement, and fully mediated the relationship between surface strategy use and perceived learning achievement. Therefore, in online discussion, learners should make good use of deep strategy but also should be encouraged to avoid surface strategy use. Also, it implies that there needs to be an understanding of the mechanism between attribute variables and relational variables when researching the effects of learner characteristics in online discussion.