고정 릴레이 기반 셀룰러 시스템에서 간섭 회피를 위한 자원 할당기법

원승찬,임인철,박상규,윤동원 한국통신학회 2008 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.33 No.8

A cellular system with fixed relays is considered to be a technology that can support high data transmission service to wide areas. However, either inter-cell interference or inter-sector interference that can be produced by adding relays to the cellular system with fixed relays does not guarantee high link performance to deteriorate function, so that resource allocation for avoidance of interference is very much important. In the paper, the cellular system performance with repeater relay has been compared with the cellular system performance with relay, and cell coverage expansion at the use of relay repeater has been compared. To compare, this paper has suggested resource allocation method to avoid inter-cell interference and inter-sector interference at installation of fixed relay on the cellular system. The proposed method can allocate different frequency resources on adjacent base stations and relays to reduce interference and to expand high data transmission area, and all of frequency bands are used at each sector to elevate efficiency of the frequency when base stations and relays operate simultaneously. 멀티미디어 데이터의 전송영역 확장을 위한 기술로 고정 릴레이 기반 셀룰러 시스템에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 고정 릴레이 기반 셀룰러 시스템에서 릴레이를 추가함으로 생기는 셀 간 또는 섹터 간 간섭은 기지국과 단말기 또는 릴레이와 단말이 사이의 높은 링크성능을 보장하지 못하여 성능저하를 가져올 수 있기 때문에 간섭을 회피하기 위한 자원할당은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 리피터 중계기를 이용한 셀룰러 시스템과 릴레이를 이용한 셀룰러 시스템의 성능을 비교하여 릴레이 중계기를 이용할 때 셀 커버리지 확장을 비교하고자 한다. 비교를 위해 셀룰러 시스템에 고정 릴레이를 설치할 때 셀 간과 섹터 간 간섭을 피하기 위하여 리피터 중계기를 사용하는 경우의 자원할당과는 다른 자원 할당 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 인접한 기지국들과 릴레이들에게 서로 다른 주파수 자원을 할당하여 간섭을 줄임으로서 높은 데이터 전송영역의 확장이 가능하며, 기지국들과 릴레이들이 동시에 동작할 때 각 섹터에서 전체 주파수 대역을 사용함으로서 주파수 효율성을 높일 수 있다.

소프트 핸드오프를 갖는 CDMA 계층구조 셀룰러 시스템의 Erlang 용량과 호 차단확률

성봉훈,오현석,한재충,Seong, Bong-Hun,O, Hyeon-Seok,Han, Jae-Chung 대한전기학회 2000 전기학회논문지 D Vol.52 No.1

This paper analyzes interference power, Erlang capacity, the number of handoff occurrences, and call blocking probability with respect to the cell radius, the soft handoff region, and the mobile's velocity in a CDMA hierarchical cellular system. The microcell cellular system has the higher Erlang capacity than the macrocell cellular system. However, the microcell cellular system, which has a high system capacity through frequency reuse has the call blocking probability higher than macrocell cellular system. Also the interference power and the call blocking probability are decreased with the operation of soft handoff. Therefore, this paper presents the optimization of soft handoff region so as to maximize system's Erlang capacity with the low the call blocking probability according to mobile's velocity in the CDMA hierarchial cellular system.

고정 릴레이 기반 셀룰러 시스템에서 간섭 회피를 위한 자원 할당기법

원승찬(Seungchan Won),임인철(Inchul Im),윤동원(Dongwoen Yoon),박상규(Sang Kyu Park) 한국통신학회 2008 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.33 No.8A

멀티미디어 데이터의 전송영역 확장을 위한 기술로 고정 릴레이 기반 셀룰러 시스템에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 고정 릴레이 기반 셀룰러 시스템에서 릴레이를 추가함으로 생기는 셀 간 또는 섹터 간 간섭은 기지국과 단말기 또는 릴레이와 단말이 사이의 높은 링크성능을 보장하지 못하여 성능저하를 가져올 수 있기 때문에 간섭을 회피하기 위한 자원할당은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 리피터 중계기를 이용한 셀룰러 시스템과 릴레이를 이용한 셀룰러 시스템의 성능을 비교하여 릴레이 중계기를 이용할 때 셀 커버리지 확장을 비교하고자 한다. 비교를 위해 셀룰러 시스템에 고정 릴레이를 설치할 때 셀 간과 섹터 간 간섭을 피하기 위하여 리피터 중계기를 사용하는 경우의 자원할당과는 다른 자원 할당 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 인접한 기지국들과 릴레이들에게 서로 다른 주파수 자원을 할당하여 간섭을 줄임으로서 높은 데이터 전송영역의 확장이 가능하며, 기지국들과 릴레이들이 동시에 동작할 때 각 섹터에서 전체 주파수 대역을 사용함으로서 주파수 효율성을 높일 수 있다. A cellular system with fixed relays is considered to be a technology that can support high data transmission service to wide areas. However, either inter-cell interference or inter-sector interference that can be produced by adding relays to the cellular system with fixed relays does not guarantee high link performance to deteriorate function, so that resource allocation for avoidance of interference is very much important. In the paper, the cellular system performance with repeater relay has been compared with the cellular system performance with relay, and cell coverage expansion at the use of relay repeater has been compared. To compare, this paper has suggested resource allocation method to avoid inter-cell interference and inter-sector interference at installation of fixed relay on the cellular system. The proposed method can allocate different frequency resources on adjacent base stations and relays to reduce interference and to expand high data transmission area, and all of frequency bands are used at each sector to elevate efficiency of the frequency when base stations and relays operate simultaneously.

Detection and Classification of Pills Moving at a Very High Speed Using a Bi-IV2 Vision System

Thi Thanh Quyen Bui,Thuong Cat Pham,Keum-Shik Hong 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

In this paper, a novel class of information?rocessing systems called Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) is overviewed. The CNN provides solutions to some real-life problems which are difficult or time-consuming for classical digital computers. The CNN has emerged as a powerful and practically realizable paradigm of multidimensional, locally connected, nonlinear processor arrays. We will introduce a brief concept, mathematical description of CNN, and develop an application of CNN in the ultra-high frame-rate image processing: detection and classification of pills moving at a very high speed using the Bi-IV2 vision system. We also show you our experiment setup in the laboratory, and then experimental results are introduced. The classification is based on the size and shape parameters of different pills and possible missing parts are identified. The implementation of pills classification algorithm runs on Bi-IV2, the program to be run on Bi-IV2 is loaded over Ethernet, and the host computer PC can write/read data to/from the Bi-IV2 over Ethernet.

Complexity of cellular manufacturing systems based on entropy models

Zhifeng Zhang 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.11

Even structurally simple manufacturing systems can be operationally complex. This operational complexity can be colloquially defined as the uncertainty associated with managing the dynamic variations, in time or quantity, across information and material flows at the manufacturing systems interface. This paper proposes a means of measuring the information demands placed on cellular manufacturing systems, as a result of this uncertainty. A utility function for complexity is proposed according to the relationships between the complexity and utility in a manufacturing system and the underlying trend that the system becomes more and more complex in an everchanging environment is analyzed. This paper mathematically models the static entropy and the dynamic entropy of cellular manufacturing systems from an information-theoretic perspective. A unique feature of this measure is that it captures, in relative terms, the expected amount of information required to describe the state of the system. The measure provides flexibility in the scope and detail of analysis. Finally, an example is used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methodology.

이동통신에서 멀티미디어 트래픽 속성에 따른 채널 할당 방식과 작업 스케줄링 기법

허보진(Bo Jin Heo),손동철(Dong Cheul Son),김창석(Chyang Suk Kim),이상용(Sang-Yong Lee) 한국지능시스템학회 2006 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.16 No.4

이동통신망에서 주파수라는 한정된 자원을 최적으로 활용하는 것은 중요한 일이며 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하는 환경에서는 더욱 더 절실한 요소이다. 또한 이런 서비스 요구에 따리 기지국이나 단말기에서 작업 스케줄링을 어떻게 하느냐 하는 것도 전체 시스템의 성능을 평가하는 중요한 요소이다. 이동망에서 서비스 별 채널할당은 핸드오프가 일어나는 시점에 빈번히 일어나며 전체 시스템에 큰 영향을 주게 된다. 본 논문에서는 음성과 데이터 호를 동시에 서비스하는 CDMA 셀룰라 시스템에서 핸드오프를 중점으로 멀티미디어 서비스 트래픽 특성을 고려한 주파수할당과 작업 스케줄링이라는 두 가지 요소를 접목하는 방법론을 모델화하고 알고리즘을 제시한다. It is important matter that inflect well allocated frequency resource in cellular network and is still more serious element in environment that provide multimedia services. Also, that do that make job scheduling how base station system or terminal according to this service request is important constituent that evaluate performance of whole system. channel allocation according to service kind causes big effect to whole system when hand off gets up in cellular network. This paper describes model and algorithm that increase two elements that is frequency allocation and job scheduling that consider multimedia service traffic special quality by emphasis that do mapping present in CDMA cellular system.

UAV 지원 Cellular-connected 시스템에서 Position Fingerprint Database를 이용한 협력적 빔 선택 알고리즘

심윤아,신승석,조지훈,문상미,황인태 대한전자공학회 2023 전자공학회논문지 Vol.60 No.3

Due to its high altitude and mobility characteristics, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is attracting attention as a key element of new radio (NR) systems as they can exceed the limits of terrestrial networks. However, high line-of-sight (LOS) probability due to high altitude can be greatly affected by interference between different cells. Accordingly, this paper proposes an algorithm that select optimal beam to reduce the impact of interference, and maximize transmission efficiency. The proposed algorithm consists largely of two steps. According to the user type presented in this paper, it is divided into a process of constructing a user position-based fingerprint database and a process of cooperative beam selection process. Simulations were conducted based on cellular cooperative downlink systems for performance analysis, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise cumulative distribution function (SINR CDF) and spectral efficiency cumulative distribution function (SE CDF) were used as performance analysis indicators. As a result of performance analysis, it was confirmed that the proposed algorithm can reduce the effect of interference and increase the performance of the desired signal. Also, it was confirmed that it is an efficient algorithm that considers overhead and system costs by reducing the amount of resources required for information exchange. UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)는 높은 고도와 이동성의 특징 때문에, 지상 네트워크의 한계를 넘을 수 있어 NR (New Radio) 시스템의 핵심 요소로 주목받고 있다. 하지만 높은 고도의 UAV는 높은 LOS (Line-Of-Sight) 확률로 다른 셀 간 간섭의 영향을 크게 받을 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 간섭의 영향을 줄이고, 전송 효율을 최대화할 수 있도록 최적의 빔을 선택하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 크게 두 단계로 구성된다. 본 논문에서 제시한 사용자 타입에 맞게 필요한 정보를 저장하는 사용자 위치 기반 핑거프린트 데이터베이스 (Fingerprint Database)를 구축하는 과정과 협력적 빔 선택 과정으로 나뉜다. 성능 분석을 위해 셀룰러 협력 다운링크 시스템을 기반으로 모의실험을 진행하였고, 성능 분석 지표로는 신호 대 간섭 및 잡음 비율의 누적 분포 함수 (SINR CDF, Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio Cumulative Distribution Function)와 스펙트럼 효율의 누적 분포 함수 (SE CDF, Spectral Efficiency Cumulative Distribution Function)를 사용하였다. 성능 분석 결과 제안 알고리즘이 간섭의 영향은 줄이고, 원하는 신호의 성능은 높인다는 점을 확인하였다. 또한, 정보 교환에 필요한 자원의 양을 줄임으로써 오버헤드 및 시스템의 비용을 고려한 효율적인 알고리즘이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

마이크로 셀룰러 시스템을 위한 최대 비합성 기반의 매크로 다이버시티 기법

류기한 忠州大學校 2010 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.45 No.-

In this paper, we propose a new packet transmission scheme for micro-cellular system based on slotted ALOHA, in which a control node selects the signals with the higher received signal power and then combines them. Thus, proposed scheme can reduce the hardware complexity while still achieving a diversity gain, in comparison to the existing one associated with combining all the received signals. We show the throughput and packet transmission success probability of proposed scheme, including existing one by computer simulation. In the simulations, we consider two different scenarios depending on the distribution of mobile stations, e.g., for the cases that mobile stations have the same distribution and different distribution in the service zone. We find that our proposed scheme can enhance the throughput performance of micro-cellular system. Furthermore, when the distribution of mobile stations has two-dimensional normal distribution and traffic load is light in the service zone, proposed scheme can also improve the packet transmission success probability.

유방염 감염 우유에서 분리된 Staphylococcus sp지방산 조성 비교

김순태 ( Soon Tae Kim ),김신 ( Shin Kim ),김상윤 ( Sang Young Kim ),손재권 ( Jae Kweon Son ) 한국동물위생학회 1997 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.20 No.1

The result of API staph-ident system was compared with cellular fatty acid composition for the identification of Staphylococcus species isolated from cattle. Isolated strains from cattle were correctly identified to S aureus, S intermedius, S hyicus, S simulans, S saprophyticus, S epidermis, S sciuri and S xylosus by API staph-ident system. The correlation between bacterial cellular fatty acid profile and Staphylococcus species isolated to API STAPH-IDENT system were. In conclusion, the result presented indicate that Staphylococci can be indentified to the species level by the cellular fatty acid profiles. Moreover, computerized fatty acid profile correlative anaylsis can be applied for determining identify of Staphylococcus species.

DEVCS 모델을 사용한 심근 활성화과정의 시뮬레이션

김광년,정동근,김기련,최병철,이정태,전계록,Kim Gwang-Nyeon,Jung Dong-Keun,Kim Gi-Ryon,Choi Byeong-Cheol,Lee Jung-Tae,Jeon Gye-Rok 한국시뮬레이션학회 2004 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.4

The modelling and simulation of the activation process for the heart system is meaningful to understand special excitatory and conductive system in the heart and to study cardiac functions because the heart activation conducts through this system. This thesis proposes two dimensional cellular automaton(CA) model for the activation process of the myocardium and conducted simulation by means of discrete time and discrete event algorithm. In the model, cells are classified into anatomically similar characteristic parts of the heart and each of cells has a set of cells with preassigned properties. Each cell in this model has state variables to represent the state of the cell and has some state transition rules to change values of state variables executed by state transition function. The state transition rule is simple as follows. First, the myocardium cell at rest stay in passive state. Second, if any one of neighborhood cell in the myocardium cell is active state then the state is change from passive to active state. Third, if cell's state is an active then automatically go to the refractory state after activation phase. Four, if cell's state is refractory then automatically go to the passive state after refractory phase. These state transition is processed repeatedly in all cells through the termination of simulation.