Organization of Direct Hippocampal Projections to the Different Regions of the Ventral Striatum in primate

정용욱(Yongwook Jung),홍성원(Sungwon Hong),Suzanne N. Haber 대한해부학회 2003 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.36 No.1

원숭이 해마형성체 (hippocampal formation)에서 줄무늬체 (striatum)로의 투사신경섬유 가운데 배쪽 줄무늬체 (ventral striatum)에 특이적으로 투사하는 신경섬유의 투사위치에 대하여 조사하였다. 본 실험을 위하여 배쪽 줄무늬체의 각기 다른 지역 즉 앞내측 꼬리핵 (ventromedial caudate nucleus), 사이막곁핵의 앞쪽 껍질, 가운데 껍질, 뒤쪽 중심부 (ventral shell, central shell, and dorsal core of nucleus accumbens), 그리고 앞내측 조가비핵 (ventromedial putamen)에 역행성조영재 (retrograde tracer)를 주입하였다. 실험결과 앞내측 꼬리핵과 사이막곁핵의 껍질 부분들이 해마형성체로부터 가장 많은 투사를 받았으며 이 가운데 사이 막곁핵의 껍질부분이 앞내측꼬리핵에 비해 상대적으로 많은 투사를 받아 해마형성체와 사이막곁핵의 껍질 부위가 배쪽 줄무늬체의 여러 부분 가운데 가장 강하게 연결되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 사이막곁핵의 앞쪽껍질과 가운데 껍질 부분 간의 해마형성체로 부터의 투사 양에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 해마형성체에서 역행성 조영제의 염색은 주로 뒤내측 암 몬각 1구역 (dorsomedial CA1)과 그 주위의 해마이행부복합체 (원해마이행부(prosubiculum), 해마이행부 (subiculum), 전해마이행부 (presubiculum), 부해마이행부 (parasubiculum))의 전반부 (rostral)에서 관찰되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 사이막곁핵의 껍질부분이 시공간정보와 변연 정보를 종합하는 해마 투사 신경섬유가 모이는 가장 중요한 부분임을 암시한다. The organization of the striatal projection fibers from the hippocampal formation (HF) was studied in the monkey with particular emphasis on specific projections of the ventral striatum. Retrograde tracers were injected into the five different regions of the ventral striatum such as the ventromedial caudate nucleus, ventral shell, central shell, and dorsal core of the nucleus accumbens (NA), and ventrolateral putamen. The ventromedial caudate nucleus and the shell of the NA received dense projections from the HF. Although the ventromedial caudate nucleus and the shell of the NA are both innervated by the HF, the shell receives the larger of these projections. This suggests that the HF is more strongly connected with the shell of the NA than with the ventromedial caudate nucleus. There are no differences between the ventral shell and central shell of the NA. Labeled neurons were mainly observed in the rostral parts of the dorsomedial CA1 and adjacent subicular complex (prosubiculum, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum) of the HF. These results suggest that the shell of the NA is the main converging site receiving hippocampal projections primarily related to integrating visuospatial and limbic information.

Striatal dopamine uptake and olfactory dysfunction in patients with early Parkinson's disease

Oh, Yoon-Sang,Kim, Joong-Seok,Hwang, Eo-Jin,Lyoo, Chul Hyoung Elsevier 2018 Parkinsonism & related disorders Vol.56 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>Olfactory dysfunction is a sensitive biomarker of neurodegeneration and a cardinal premotor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although several non-motor symptoms of PD have been correlated with decreased dopamine transporter uptake, olfactory dysfunction and reduced dopamine transporter uptake have not been widely investigated in PD. In this study, we aimed to identify the dopamine transporter status of the corpus striatum and thalamus using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided spatial normalization method in patients with PD according to olfactory function.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Among 87 PD patients, 50 had hyposmia and 37 had normosmia. All patients underwent positron emission tomography (PET) using <SUP>18</SUP>F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2beta-carbon ethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (<SUP>18</SUP>F-FP-CIT) and T1-weighted MRI. PET images were normalized with simultaneously performed spatially normalized MRI and the regional standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) with a volume of interest template were compared according to olfactory function.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The bilateral caudates and the left anterior and posterior putamen of the hyposmic group showed significantly reduced dopamine transporter uptake compared to the normosmic group. In partial correlation coefficient analysis, olfactory identification impairment was correlated with the SUVR values of the caudate nuclei.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>More dopaminergic impairment of the bilateral caudate nuclei was found in hyposmic PD. This finding suggests that decreased dopamine uptake in the caudate nucleus may be an imaging trace of olfactory dysfunction in patients with PD.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A MRI-guided spatial normalization of dopamine transporter PET was used in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). </LI> <LI> The regional SUV ratios were compared between hyposmic and normosmic groups. </LI> <LI> More dopaminergic impairment of the caudate nuclei was found in hyposmic PD. </LI> <LI> This may be an imaging trace of olfactory dysfunction in patients with PD. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Corticostriatal Connections of the Superior Temporal Regions in the Macaque Monkey

Jung, Yongwook,Hong, Sungwon The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2003 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.7 No.4

Corticostriatal connections of auditory areas within the rostral and caudal portions of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and in the supratemporal plane(STP) of pigtail macaque (Macacca nemestrina) were studied with particular emphasis on specific projections to the ventral striatum. Retrograde tracers were Injected into five different regions of the ventral striatum such as the ventromedial caudate nucleus, ventral shell, central shell, dorsal core of the nucleus accumbens (NA), and ventrolateral putamen to Identify the cells of origin. There were only few projections from the auditory areas in the STP to the ventral striatum. However, the association (or belt) areas of the STG collectively had widespread corticostriatal projections characterized by differential topographic distributions. The rostral parts of the STG strongly projected to the ventromedial caudate nucleus. The midportion of the STG also projected to the same ventral striatal regions, but the connections were relatively less extensive. Interestingly, the caudal portion of the STG had no connection to all subregions of the ventral striatum. These differential patterns of corticostriatal connectivity suggest that the ventromedial caudate nucleus would be a major auditory convergence area and mainly involved in sound recognition rather than spatial localization of sound sources.

Neuro-Behçet’s Disease Presented with Progressive Disinhibition

이성은,박희경,최정영,홍윤희,임태성,문소영 대한치매학회 2012 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.11 No.1

We report a man who presented with progressive disinhibition and through clinicoradiologic correlation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), aim to investigate the pathomechanism of disinhibition in neuro-Behçet’s disease (NBD). A 46-year-old man presented with progressive disinhibition and apathy for 4 months. One month after his visit, additionally, he developed left partial third nerve palsy. His brain MRI showed lesions in the ventral caudate nucleus as well as left midbrain and thalamus. Taking his recurrent oral ulcers, uveitis, and erythema nodosum into consideration, he was diagnosed with NBD. We found that progressive disinhibition could be one of presenting symptoms in BD and might be associated with the caudate nucleus. This finding suggests that involvement of the basal ganglia in BD prior to the involvement of the brainstem could result in unique clinical features such as behavioral changes without extrapyramidal signs.

Gray matter deficits and altered resting-state connectivity in the superior temporal gyrus among individuals with problematic hypersexual behavior

Seok, Ji-woo,Sohn, Jin-Hun Elsevier 2018 Brain Research Vol.1684 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Neuroimaging studies on the characteristics of hypersexual disorder have been accumulating, yet alternations in brain structures and functional connectivity in individuals with problematic hypersexual behavior (PHB) has only recently been studied. This study aimed to investigate gray matter deficits and resting-state abnormalities in individuals with PHB using voxel-based morphometry and resting-state connectivity analysis. Seventeen individuals with PHB and 19 age-matched healthy controls participated in this study. Gray matter volume of the brain and resting-state connectivity were measured using 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to healthy subjects, individuals with PHB had significant reductions in gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right middle temporal gyrus. Individuals with PHB also exhibited a decrease in resting-state functional connectivity between the left STG and left precuneus and between the left STG and right caudate. The gray matter volume of the left STG and its resting-state functional connectivity with the right caudate both showed significant negative correlations with the severity of PHB. The findings suggest that structural deficits and resting-state functional impairments in the left STG might be linked to PHB and provide new insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of PHB.</P>

주의력결핍/과잉운동장애에서 전두엽과 미상핵의 뇌자기공명영상상 연구

공석원,이정섭,류인균,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

목 적 : 미상핵은 전두엽의 각 부분으로부터 입력신호를 받고 있어서 주의력겹핍/과잉운동장애의 원인을 연구하는 분야에서 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 주의력결핍/과잉운동장애에서 전두엽과 미상핵의 정상적 비대칭성이 어떻게 관찰되는지를 뇌자기공명영상을 통하여 알아보려고 하였다. 방법 : DSM-III-R의 진단 기준에 맞는 14명의 주의력결핍/과잉운동장애 남아(평균11.1, 표준편차 3.0)와 16명의 두통 대조군(평균연령 10.6, 표준편차 2.5)에서 뇌자기공명영상상을 후향적으로 모집하였다. 분석을 위해서는 미상핵이 가장 잘보이는 축영상중 한 단면을 선택하였다. 뇌자기공명영상은 평판형 스캐너로 읽어들여서 Brainimage Pascal 2.3.3.1 프로그램을 이용해서 분석하였다. 화소수 및 면적을 측정하였으며, 검사자간 신뢰도는 0.89 이상이었다. 결과 : 환자군과 대조군 모두에게 우측 전두엽과 우측 미상핵의 면적이 컸다. 그리고, 이 차이는 대조군에만 통계적으로 유의하였다. 전두엽과 미상핵이 정상적인 비대칭성이 주의력결핍/과잉운동장애 환아군에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : 우측전두엽발달과정의 문제가 주의력 결핍/과잉행동장애의 원인이라는 가설을 지지하는 증거라고 할 수 있을 것이다. Objectives Because the caudate nucleus receives inputs from the dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, it is the area of the interest with ADHD patients in many researches. To identify the lack of normal asymmetry in the frontal lobe and caudate nucleus of the subjects with ADHD, one slice of brain MR images for each subjects were selected, and planimetric method was applied and analyzed. Methods : The brain MR images of 14 ADHD boys who met the DSM-111-R diagnostic criteria and 16 headache control group were collected. Single best view for the head of the caudate nucleus, one axial slice was selected for analysis. MR images were redigitized with flatbed scanner and data were analyzed with Brainimage Pascal 2.3.3.1 software. Pixel counting and area measurements were done. Interrater reliabilities were 0.89 or greater. Results : In both ADHD and control groups, right caudate area was slightly greater than left side, and this difference were more significant in control group. The results showed that the normal asymmetry of frontal lobe and the caudate nucleus was not observed far the ADHD group. Conclusion : The normal asymmetry of the frontal lobe and the caudate nucleus was not seen in boys with ADHD.

Ventral Striatal Connections of Unimodal and Multimodal Cortex of the Superior Temporal Sulcus in Macaque Monkeys(Macacca nemestrina)

Jung, Yong-Wook,Hong, Sung-Won The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2004 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.8 No.4

Extrinsic connections between the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the ventral striatum in pigtail macaque monkeys (Macacca nemestrina) were studied by injection of retrograde tracers into the ventromedial caudate nucleus, the ventral and central shells of the nucleus accumbens (NA), the dorsal core of the NA, and the ventrolateral putamen. In the present study, we demonstrate that the projections from the unimodal (area TAa, IPa, TEa, and TEm) and the multimodal (area TPO and PGa) sensory association areas in the STS mainly terminate in the ventromedial caudate nucleus as well as in the ventral and central shells of the NA. However, there are only few projections to the dorsal core of the NA and the ventrolateral putamen from the sensory association cortex in the STS. Based on these differential neural connections between the subterritories of the ventral striatum and the sensory association areas, the ventromedial caudate nucleus and the shells of NA appear to be major integration sites for sensory input from the STS and functionally different from the dorsal core of NA and the ventrolateral putamen.

Akinetic mutism following prefrontal injury by an electrical grinder a case report : A diffusion tensor tractography study

Jang, Sung Ho,Kim, Seong Ho,Lee, Han Do Wolters Kluwer Health 2018 Medicine Vol.97 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Rationale:</B></P><P>A 72-year-old male had suffered from head trauma resulting from injury to his frontal area by an electrical grinder while working at his home.</P><P><B>Patient concerns:</B></P><P>He lost consciousness for approximately 10 minutes and experienced continuous post-traumatic amnesia.</P><P><B>Diagnoses:</B></P><P>He was diagnosed as traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in both frontal lobes, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and underwent decompressive craniectomy and hematoma removal.</P><P><B>Interventions:</B></P><P>The patient's Glasgow Coma Scale score was 5. At 2 months after onset, when starting rehabilitation, he showed no spontaneous movement or speech; he remained in a lying position all day with no spontaneous activity.</P><P><B>Outcomes:</B></P><P>On 2-month diffusion tensor tractography, decreased neural connectivity of the caudate nucleus to the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC, Broadmann area [BA]: 10 and 12) and orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11 and 13) was observed in both hemispheres.</P><P><B>Lessons:</B></P><P>Akinetic mutism following prefrontal injury.</P>

저농도 일산화탄소가 흰쥐 미상핵에 미치는 영향에 관한 조직화학적 연구

김진상,Kim, Jin-sang 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

This study was undertaken to investigate the changes of enzyme activities resulted from low concentrated carbon monoxide poisoning on the caudate nucleus in rat. The activities of cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydragenase were observed histochemically, after the experimental animals were poisoned to 100ppm carbon monoxide for 8 hours every day from one day to 16 days. The materials were sliced from coronal section at the level of the optic chiasm and immediately frozen sections of $10{\mu}m$ thickness were cut on the cryostat at $-15^{\circ}C$ and incubated in the medium containing substrate for histochemical detection of cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. The sections were mounted in glycerol gelatin and observed under light microscope. It was obtained that cytochrome oxidase activity decreased moderately and succinate dehydrogenase activity showed marked or moderate activity during entire poisoning period and lactate dehydrogenase activity showed marked or moderate activity from one to 8 days but recovered to normal condition at 16th day.

Swallowing outcomes in patients with subcortical stroke associated with lesions of the caudate nucleus and insula

Im, Ikjae,Jun, Je-Pyo,Hwang, Seungbae,Ko, Myoung-Hwan SAGE Publications 2018 The Journal of international medical research Vol.46 No.9

<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>The present study was performed to investigate the relationships between swallowing outcomes and lesion location, bolus characteristics, and age in patients with subcortical stroke.</P><P><B>Patients:</B> Patients with subcortical and insular stroke (mean age, 57.38 ± 12.71 years) were investigated. All patients (n = 21) completed both brain magnetic resonance imaging studies and videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.</P><P><B>Main Outcome Measures</B></P><P>The oral transit duration, pharyngeal transit duration (PTD), laryngeal response duration, and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) score were applied to examine the efficiency of propulsion and airway protection in three swallowing tasks. Path analyses were performed to assess the relationships between swallowing outcomes and lesion location, age, bolus viscosity, and bolus volume.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Caudate nucleus (CN) lesions were associated with higher PAS scores. Insular lesions were associated with a longer PTD. Advanced age was associated with a longer PTD. Bolus viscosity significantly moderated the association between CN lesions and higher PAS scores.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>In the present cohort, CN lesions impacted airway protection and insular lesions impacted pharyngeal transit. An increased bolus viscosity reduced the aspiration severity. These results suggest that lesion location is an important indicator to predict subsequent dysphagia in patients with subcortical stroke.</P>