칼로리량 급여 제한이 OLETF 흰쥐의 콜레스테롤량에 미치는 영향

박재윤,김태형,이병래,차종희 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.1

본 실험은 식이 제한 급여에 따른 비만형 당뇨병 환자의 체중 및 혈중 지질량의 변화에 대한 연구의 일환으로 사람의 비만형 당뇨병과 유사한 병리소견을 나타내는 OLETF 흰쥐를 이용하여 칼로리 급여량 비 제한군, 칼로리 급여량 20% 제한군과 40% 제한군으로 나누어 12주간 사육한 후 체중과 혈당, 혈액 cholesterol 및 중성지질량을 측정하여 칼로리 급여량제한에 따른 혈액 지질량의 변화를 관찰하였다. 체중은 칼로리 급여량 20% 제한군에서는 체중증가 억제 비율이 LETO와 OLETF흰쥐가 비슷하였고, 칼로리 급여량 40% 제한군에서는 OLETF 흰쥐에서 체중 증가 억제가 더 크게 나타났다. 칼로리 급여량 제한에 의한 혈당량의 저하는 비만형 당뇨쥐인 OLETF 증 흰쥐가 LETO 흰쥐에 비하여 더 크게 나타났다. 칼로리 급여량 제한으로 OLETF 종 흰쥐에서 혈액 중성지질량, 총 콜레스테롤량 및 LDL- 콜레스테롤량이 감소되었고, HDL-콜레스테롤량은 증가되므로, 비만형 당뇨병환자에서 칼로리 제한 식사는 OLETF 종 흰쥐에서와 유사한 혈액 콜레스테롤량의 변화를 유발시켜서 혈관 합병증을 억제할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 이상의 실험결과로서 칼로리 급여량 제한에 의한 체중, 혈당, 혈액 총 콜레스테롤량, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤량의 변화가 비당뇨 흰쥐보다 당뇨흰쥐에서 더 큰 변화가 있음이 확인되어 칼로리 제한 급여는 당뇨병에서 체중, 혈당, 콜레스테롤량의 조절에 유의한 것으로 생각되고, 칼로리 급여 20% 제한군과 40% 제한군 사이에서 체중, 혈당, 콜레스테롤량의 변화는 칼로리 제한량의 변화에 비하여 적기 때문에 적절한 체중, 혈당, 혈중 지질량의 유지를 위해서는 칼로리 급여량을 적절히 유지하는 것이 중요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 칼로리 급여 제한에 의한 체중, 혈당, 혈중 중성지질과 콜레스테롤량의 감소는 혈관 합병증 발생이 예방 할 수 있을 것으로 추측되는데, 이에 대해서는 계속적인 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다. Objective: To determine the effects of caloric restriction on blood cholesterol levels of obese type 2 diabetes, we measured blood glucose and cholesterol level in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty(OLETF) rats after caloric restriction. Methods: OLETF rats(obese diabetic rats) and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka(LETO) rats(nondiabetic control rats) were grouped into 3 groups, control group, 20% caloric restriction(20% CR) group and 40% caloric restriction(40% CR) group, respectively. The blood glucose and cholesterol level in OLETF and LETO rats were determined after 12 weeks caloric restriction. The levels of triglyceride(TG) and cholesterol(total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) in blood of rats were determined by automatic biochemical analyser(Hitachi 747 Japan). Results: Blood glucose level of LETO rats were decreased by 12% on 40% CR compared to control group but the differences of blood glucose levels between control group and 20% CR group was not observed. OLETF rats blood glucose levels were decreased by 20% in 40% CR group and by 15% in 20% CR group. The levels of blood triglyceride in 20% CR and 40% CR groups were decreased by 20%, 15% in LETO rats and by 37%, 32% in OLETF rats respectively. Total cholesterol level was not changed by dietary restriction in LETO rats, but in OLETF rats, total cholesterol levels was decreased significantly by caloric restriction. The HDL-cholesterol levels were increased while LDL-cholesterol levels were decreased by dietary restriction in both LETO and OLETF rats. Conclusion: These results suggested that OLETF rats may be more susceptive to changes of body weight and blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels than LETO rats by caloric restriction. Reduced LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in diabetes by caloric restriction may have some roles on prevention of diabetic vascular complication.

과체중 및 비만여성에서 연령이 열량 제한에 의한체조성 변화에 미치는 영향

임정은,조여원,김영설 한국영양학회 2013 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.46 No.5

Caloric restriction is recognized as one of the best treatment options for obesity, and is associated with changes in body composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age in caloric restriction in overweight and obese women. In this caloric restriction study, nutrient intake of 61 women was evaluated using food records written by subjects for three days. Body composition and metabolic risk factors were assessed before and after caloric restriction. Blood levels of lipids, glucose, leptin, and adiponectin were measured. Visceral fat and subcutaneous fat were evaluated using bioimpedance analysis. General linear models (GLM) identified the independent effects of age after co-varying baseline weight and difference of energy intake. Weight, fat mass, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and blood pressure showed a significant decrease by caloric restriction of 452 kcal/day. The percent changes in weight, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat were -4.5%, -12.0%, and -8.2%, respectively, after caloric restriction. The percent changes of weight, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat showed an independent association with age co-varying baseline weight and difference of energy intake. Decreased change in percent of leptin by caloric restriction also showed an association with age. Changes in body composition and leptin by caloric restriction showed an independent association with age. This may indicate greater difficulty in achievement of change of body composition as well as greater obesity-related metabolic risk with aging. Therefore, caloric restriction considering age should be recommended for effective dietary treatment in overweight or obese women.

The association between measurement sites of visceral adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk factors after caloric restriction in obese Korean women

Hye-Ok Lee,Jung-Eun Yim,Jeong-Sook Lee,Young-Seol Kim,Ryowon Choue 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.1

Quantities as well as distributions of adipose tissue (AT) are significantly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and can be altered with caloric restriction. This study investigated which cross-sectional slice location of AT is most strongly correlated with changes in CVD risk factors after caloric restriction in obese Korean women. Thirty-three obese pre-menopausal Korean women (32.4 ± 8.5 yrs, BMI 27.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2) participated in a 12 weeks caloric restriction program. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured using computed tomography (CT) scans at the sites of L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5. Fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), leptin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were observed. Pearson’s partial correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between AT measurement sites and changes in CVD risk factors after calorie restriction. When calories were reduced by 350 kcal/day for 12 weeks, body weight (-2.7%), body fat mass (-8.2%), and waist circumference (-5.8%) all decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, following caloric restriction, serum levels of glucose (-4.6%), TC (-6.2%), LDL-C (-5.3%), leptin (-17.6%) and HOMA-IR (-18.2%) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as well. Changes in VAT at the level of L3-L4 were significantly greater than those at other abdominal sites, and these changes were correlated with changes in TC (P < 0.05), LDL-C (P < 0.001), SBP (P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (P < 0.01). These results show that VAT at L3-L4 had a stronger correlation with CVD risk factors than with other AT measurement sites after caloric restriction.

칼로리 급여량 제한이 OLETF 쥐의 혈당 및 혈청 지질량에 미치는 영향

박상묵 ( Sang Muk Park ),차종희 ( Jong Hee Cha ) 대한임상검사과학회 2004 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.36 No.2

To determine the effects of caloric restriction on obese type 2 diabetes we measured body blood glucose and serum lipid level in dietary restricted Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats (obese diabetic rats) and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (control rats) were grouped into 2 groups; control (free feed) group and 30% caloric restricted (30% CR) group. At 24 weeks of age the 30% CR animals were provided a diet at a level of 30% less food (by weight) than control rats consumed during the previous week. Blood glucose levels and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels of CR rats were determined every 2 weeks for 8 weeks total. Blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of OLETF rats were significantly higher compared to LETO rats. In OLETF rats, the blood glucose levels were decreased to 61% by 8 weeks in the 30% CR compared to the non-CR control group, but changes of blood glucose levels were not observed in LETO rats during the 8weeks in the 30% CR. The serum triglyceride levels of OLETF rats were decreased significantly in the 30% CR but no change in the serum of LETO rats was found. The total cholesterol level was not changed by dietary restriction in LETO rats, but significant changes were observed in OLETF rats by 30% dietary restriction. HDL-cholesterol levels were also increased by dietary restriction in both LETO and OLETF rats. These results suggested that elevated blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in diabetes II patients may be reduced by caloric restriction.

Calorie Restriction for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Mechanisms, Expectations, and Efficacy

Chiara Vidoni,Alessandra Ferraresi,Andrea Esposito,Chinmay Maheshwari,Danny N. Dhanasekaran,Vincenzo Mollace,Ciro Isidoro 대한암예방학회 2021 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.26 No.4

Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases, and despite the continuous efforts in searching for new and more effective treatments, its morbidity and mortality remain a significant health problem worldwide. Calorie restriction, a dietary manipulation that consists in a reduction of the calorie intake, is gaining attention as a potential adjuvant intervention for preventing and/ or fighting cancer. Several forms of energy reduction intake, which includes caloric restriction tout-court, dietary restrictions, and intermittent fasting, are being explored for their ability to prevent or slow down cancer progression. Additionally, another anti-cancer approach being under investigation relies on the use of nutraceuticals known as “Caloric Restriction Mimetics” that can provide caloric restriction-mediated benefits without subjecting the patients to a strict diet. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies consistently show that diet modifiers reducing the calorie have impact on tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism, resulting in reduced growth and progression of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies show that patients subjected to a reduced nutrient/energy intake experience improved outcomes from chemo- and radiotherapy while better tolerating the side effects. Here, we review the state of the art on the therapeutic potential of calorie restriction and of caloric restriction mimetics in preventing or retarding tumor development by modulating a subset of cellular processes. The most recent clinical progresses with caloric restriction mimetics in the clinical practice are also discussed.

식이제한과 지구성 운동이 식이유도 비만 생쥐의 심장조직 내미토콘드리아 생합성에 미치는 영향

정수련(SuRyunJung),안나영(NaYoungAhn),변자영(JaYoungByeon),주영식(YoungSikJu),김기진(KiJinKim) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 고지방식 유도 비만 생쥐를 대상으로 식이 및 지구성 운동트레이닝이 심장조직의 미토콘드리아 생합성에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 수컷 생쥐(C57Bl/6) 50마리를 대상으로 일반식이 집단을 제외한 40마리는 6주간의 고지방식을 이용한 비만유도 후 다시 4집단으로 무선 배정하였다. 운동처치집단은 10~18m/min의 속도로 1일 65분간, 주 5일 트레드밀 달리기를 실시하였다. 식이처치 집단은 일반사료를 비만유도기간 중 측정한 1일평균 사료섭취량의 약 65 %를 섭취토록 하였다. 식이제한과 운동처치 병행집단은 운동 빈도만 주당 3일로 감소시켰고, 나머지는 단독 처치 시와 동일하게 하였다. 연구결과 8주간의 식이 또는 지구성 운동처치는 6주간의 고지방식 유도 비만에 의해 증가된 체중을 유의하게 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다. 또한 8주간의 지구성 운동은 고지방식 유도 비만 생쥐의 심장조직 내 미토콘드리아 생합성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 절식과 같은 식이요법은 미토콘드리아 생합성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해서 심장근의 보호 작용을 위해서는 지구성 운동이 식이요법에 비해 더욱 효과적인 것으로 생각된다 The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term endurance exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac muscle of high fat diet induced obese mice. 50 male mice were randomly assigned for 5 group, except control group, 40 mice were fed high fat diet for 6 weeks. After that period, 40 mice were randomly assigned for 4 group (exercise, caloric restriction, exercise+caloric restriction group). Treadmill running(speed 20~22m/min, slop 6 %, 65min/day, 5day/week) were used for exercise treatment and daily consumption were reduced to 65 % of daily total consumption of control group. Combined teat group were adjusted daily caloric expenditure to the level of other group. Body weight of exercise or caloric restriction group were significantly decreased to the level of control group after 8wk treatment. Endurance exercise treatment increased mitochondrial biogenesis of cardiac muscle, but caloric restriction was not. Therefore endurance exercise will be more effective for cardioprotection than caloric restriction.

Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review

Dae-Kyu Song,김용운 영남대학교 의과대학 2023 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.40 No.1

Caloric restriction is a popular approach to treat obesity and its associated chronic illnesses but is difficult to maintain for a long time. Intermittent fasting is an alternative and easily applicable dietary intervention for caloric restriction. Moreover, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects equivalent to those of caloric restriction in terms of body weight control, improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting are discussed.

한국 비만 여성에서 열량제한 식사에 의한 근육 간 지방량의 감소

박지숙,이혜옥,김영설,임정은 대한비만학회 2015 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.24 No.1

Background: This study investigated the effects of caloric restriction on thigh intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and the associations ofIMAT and metabolic risk factors. Methods: Thirty-three obese Korean women (BMI 27.2±2.5 kg/m2; 32.3±8.7 years) were tested before andafter 12 weeks of 354.7 kcal/day dietary caloric restriction: waist circumference (WC); %fat according to bioimpedence; subcutaneous adiposetissue (SAT); visceral adipose tissue (VAT); IMAT using single-slice CT scans at the levels of L4/L5 and mid-thigh (midpoint between the anterioriliac crest and patella); fasting levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, and HOMA-IR. Paired t-test andSpearman correlation analysis were performed. Results: WC, %fat, leptin, glucose, total-C, abdominal SAT and VAT, and mid-thigh IMATdecreased (P<0.05), and %change in mid-thigh IMAT correlated with %change in HOMA-IR (P<0.05). Conclusion: Caloric restrictiondecreased the mid-thigh IMAT in obese Korean women, which may be correlated with reduction of metabolic risk. 배경: 비만 여성에서 열량 제한에 따른 근육 간 지방의 변화를 알아보고, 근육 간 지방과 대사적 지표와의 연관성 에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 열량 제한 식사 교육프로그램을 참여한 33명의 체질량지수 25이상인 폐경 전 성인 여성 중, CT 결과 수집이 가능한 대상자만을 선택하여 자료를 재분석하였다. SLICEOMATIC 이미지 분석법을 통하여 재분석하여 피하지방과 내장지방, 근육 간 지방량을 측정하였다. 결과: 체중과 BMI, 허리둘레, 엉덩이 둘레, 허리-엉덩이 둘레비, 키-허리둘레비와 체지방량과 체지방률 모두 유의적 감소를 보였으며, 피하지방과 내장지방, 근육 간 지방량도 유의적 감소를 보였다. 근육 간 지방량의 감소는 HOMA-IR 감소와 유의적인 관련성을 보였다. 결론: 12주간의 열량 제한 식사로 인하여 비만 성인 여성에서 내장지방뿐 아니라 근육 간 지방량도 감소하였으며, 이는 인슐린 저항성의감소와도 관련이 있었다.

Caloric Restriction-Induced Extension of Chronological Lifespan Requires Intact Respiration in Budding Yeast

Kwon, Young-Yon,Lee, Sung-Keun,Lee, Cheol-Koo Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.4

Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to extend lifespan and prevent cellular senescence in various species ranging from yeast to humans. Many effects of CR may contribute to extend lifespan. Specifically, CR prevents oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing mitochondrial function. In this study, we characterized 33 single electron transport chain (ETC) gene-deletion strains to identify CR-induced chronological lifespan (CLS) extension mechanisms. Interestingly, defects in 17 of these 33 ETC gene-deleted strains showed loss of both respiratory function and CR-induced CLS extension. On the contrary, the other 16 respiration-capable mutants showed increased CLS upon CR along with increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, with decreased mitochondrial superoxide generation. We measured the same parameters in the 17 non-respiratory mutants upon CR. CR simultaneously increased MMP and mitochondrial superoxide generation without altering intracellular ATP levels. In conclusion, respiration is essential for CLS extension by CR and is important for balancing MMP, ROS, and ATP levels.

New Insights into Calorie Restriction Induced Bone Loss

Clifford J. Rosen,Linyi Liu 대한내분비학회 2023 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.38 No.2

Caloric restriction (CR) is now a popular lifestyle choice due to its ability in experimental animals to improve lifespan, reduce bodyweight, and lessen oxidative stress. However, more and more emerging evidence suggests this treatment requires careful consideration because of its detrimental effects on the skeletal system. Experimental and clinical studies show that CR can suppress bonegrowth and raise the risk of fracture, but the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Reduced mechanical loading has long beenthought to be the primary cause of weight loss-induced bone loss from calorie restriction. Despite fat loss in peripheral depots withcalorie restriction, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) increases, and this may play a significant role in this pathological process. Here, we update recent advances in our understanding of the effects of CR on the skeleton, the possible pathogenic role of BMAT inCR-induced bone loss, and some strategies to mitigate any potential side effects on the skeletal system.