국내 은행의 비대면 금융서비스 채널 발전사

이창우,장혜순,홍진환 한국경영사학회 2020 經營史學 Vol.95 No.-

Due to the development of ICT technology and changes of customers' lifestyle, banking services have been evolved from face-to-face channel through employees of branches to non-face-to-face channel through internet or smart phones. Non-face-to-face channel of Korean banks have begun with the introduction of cash dispenser machines in 1975. And then various non-faceto- face channels have continued to appear such as phone banking, internet banking, and mobile banking, along with the rapid development of ICT technology. This study investigate the characteristics and development history of nonface- to-face banking services by channels. Non-face-to-face banking services are categorized by automated devices(CD/ATM), PC home banking, phone banking, internet banking, and mobile banking. This study examined the life cycle of each channel from the introduction and growth to decline, and compared the longitudinal analysis of each channel. This study suggest several implications. Cooperative efforts of banking industry level in order to develop the system or infrastructure is essential to enhance competitive advantages. The importance of service innovations and considerations of employment and consumer protection depending on decrease of face-to-face services are also presented. 정보통신기술의 발전과 소비자 라이프스타일의 변화 등으로 은행의 서비스도 영업점직원을 통한 대면 채널에서 인터넷이나 스마트폰 등의 비대면 채널로 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 국내 은행의 비대면 금융서비스 채널은 1975년 현금자동인출기(CD)의 도입으로부터시작되었으며, 이후 정보통신기술의 급속한 발전에 따라 폰뱅킹, 인터넷뱅킹, 모바일뱅킹등의 다양한 비대면 채널이 속속 등장하였다. 본 연구는 국내 은행들의 비대면 금융서비스 채널의 특성과 발전 과정을 채널별로 조사하였다. 은행의 비대면 채널을 자동화기기(CD/ATM), PC 뱅킹, 텔레뱅킹/폰뱅킹, 인터넷뱅킹, 모바일뱅킹으로 구분해, 각 비대면 금융서비스 채널의 도입과 성장, 쇠퇴의 과정을 고찰하였다. 다양한 비대면 금융서비스 채널의 발전 과정에 대한 종단적 연구와 함께, 각 채널별 발전 과정에 대한 연관성 및 비교 연구를 수행했다. 본 연구를 통해서, 금융서비스의 경쟁력 제고를 위해서는 개별 기업의 노력도 중요하지만 산업 시스템이나 인프라를 갖추기 위한 공동 노력이 필요하다는 점, 채널별 경쟁력과 서비스 혁신의 중요성, 비대면 채널의 확대에 따른 고용 및 소비자 보호의 필요성 등의 시사점을 도출하였다.

A Comparative Study of Internet Banking Satisfaction Model in South Korea and Indonesia

율리아 와티,구철모 한국경영정보학회 2009 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.19 No.4

Banking industries have continuously innovated through technology-enhanced products and services. Many studies have recognized the importance of the Internet in banking industries, arguing that it has been widely adopted. Many studies published on the Internet banking in specific countries are mostly related with such issues as internet banking adoption and acceptance, security and risks of online banking system, and interface design. Several studies have been done to examine the differences and similarities between other banking channels and the Internet banking. However, to the best of our knowledge, only a limited number of studies has examined the differences and similarities between two specific countries in order to create a new customer satisfaction model. In this research, we studied the internet banking satisfaction model by comparing two countries: South Korea and Indonesia. We conducted an empirical study based on the data collected in both two countries. In this research, we found that countries which have adopted electric banking services, particularly between a country with high ICT adoption and a country with low ICT adoption, show different satisfaction trends. Based on the study results, herein we provide discussion, managerial, and practical implications.

금융거래 채널 간 소비자 신뢰 전이에 관한 실증연구

문병석,이원강,류석종 한국기업경영학회 2012 기업경영연구 Vol.19 No.5

Increasing world-wide usage of internet brings to changes of financial circumstance. Banks have to take survival strategies that analyze consumer behavior in off-line banking and internet banking. Now, it is timely to analyze the relation between consumer confidence in off-line banking and consumer behavior in internet banking. Because banking consumers use both off-line banking and internet banking. So this study analyzes how consumer confidence in off-line banking influences the structural stability, website interest and website satisfaction of internet banking website with regarding traditional off-line banking and online banking as one connected model. In other words, we studied that whether consumer confidence formed in off-line banking transfers to on-line internet banking or not. Hypothesis testing was examined using SPSS factor analysis and PLS path analysis. The conclusion is as follows. First consumer confidence which is formed in off-line banking generally transfers to on-line internet banking. But off-line bank confidence has no meaningful effect on on-line website structural stability. And staff trust on off-line doesn’t influence on-line website interest. Second structural stability and website interest on internet banking website have meaningful effect on website satisfaction in significance level p < 0.01. Third structural stability has influence on website interest in significance level p < 0.01. Specifically, formed from the existing off-line banking consumer trust, trust to financial products shows relatively high path coefficient. And trust to staff shows high path coefficient, too. So consumers who have high trust to financial products which was formed as a traditional off-line trading, may have high interest. Therefore, consumers who have high trust to off-line banking financial products will have a high interest in Internet banking for the bank’s Web site. And consumers with a high level of trust about the existing traditional off-line banking staff show relatively high level of trust to structural stability. Because website design, operation and running are done by the staff of the bank. Therefore banks have to concern about bank trust, product trust and staff trust on off-line. Because consumers use CD/ATM or internet banking, the mode of on-line transaction, is gradually getting out of off-line counter transaction. Because off-line banking trust connected to internet banking trust, it is important to reinforce off-line trust (bank trust, product trust, staff trust) so as to activate internet banking. Especially it is crucial to support consumer activities on internet and to enhance consumer confidence level which influences website interest and website satisfaction. 인터넷 사용의 확산으로 금융환경이 크게 변화되고 있는 가운데 금융기관들은 오프라인 뱅킹과 인터넷 뱅킹에서의 소비자 행동을 정확히 인식하고, 이를 효율적으로 활용하는 새로운 생존전략이 필요한 시기에 직면해 있다. 대부분의 금융소비자들이 오프라인 뱅킹과 인터넷 뱅킹을 동시에 사용하고 있는 점을 고려할 때, 오프라인 뱅킹에서의 소비자 신뢰가 인터넷 뱅킹에서의 소비자 행동에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 분석하는 것은 매우 필요한 주제라고 생각된다. 이에, 본 연구는 전통적인 오프라인 뱅킹과 인터넷 뱅킹을 하나의 연계된 모델로 보아, 오프라인 뱅킹에서 형성된 소비자 신뢰가 인터넷 뱅킹에서의 웹 사이트에 대한 구조적 안정성, 웹 사이트 관심도, 그리고 웹 사이트 만족도에 어떻게 영향을 주는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 인터넷 뱅킹이 활성화되어 있고, 소비자 관심도가 가장 높은 은행을 대상으로 오프라인 뱅킹의 신뢰가 인터넷 뱅킹으로 어떻게 전이 되는지에 대하여 가설을 세워 설문조사와 요인분석 및 판별분석 등 실증분석과 검증을 행하였다. 분석검증 결과, 오프라인 뱅킹에서 형성된 소비자 신뢰가 인터넷 뱅킹에서의 웹 사이트에 대한 구조적 안정성, 사이트 관심도, 사이트 만족도 등에 유의한 영향을 주고 있음을 확인함으로써, 전반적으로 인터넷 뱅킹의 온라인 신뢰로 전이되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 다만, 오프라인 뱅킹에서 형성된 은행신뢰와 직원신뢰가 각각 온라인상의 구조적 안정성과 사이트 관심도에는 통계적 유의한 영향을 주지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 오프라인 뱅킹에서의 신뢰요소인 은행신뢰, 상품신뢰, 직원신뢰는 인터넷 뱅킹의 환경 하에서도 금융소비자의 중요한 행동변수임을 시사하고 있다

미국 이원은행 제도의 역사적인 전개에 관한 고찰

정순형 한국지급결제학회 2020 지급결제학회지 Vol.12 No.1

In the United States, under the Dual Banking System, federal law-based national banks and state law-based state banks coexist, and federal agencies, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and state banking authorities, are responsible for each bank. Exclusive licensing and supervision are provided. Savings banks and credit unions are also granted and supervised dual licenses under federal and state law. The Dual Banking System consists of state banks based on state law, state banking authorities licensing and supervising them, and national banks based on national law (federal law) and currency supervisors licensing and supervising them are coexisting, and both are mutually exclusive to perform banking licenses and banking supervision. The dual banking system is not only a unique system of the United States, but also constitutes a very important part of the country’s banking system, and the binary system, which sometimes began to be sacred, expands the scope of application to savings loans, mutual savings banks, and credit unions. It is said that such an administrative system is not only rare in the world, but it is also unusual as a private corporation in the United States. Strangely, in American society, there is a so-called ambulance of coexisting psychological tendencies that admire one’s bigness and hate the other’s. We can find another basis for the dual banking system in the conflict between centralization and decentralization, which is rooted in the US economy. There have been several ideas to unify a complex banking supervisory system nationwide, and specific proposals are also given. Although this is not the current situation, the change in the binary banking system is expected to progress further, given the fact that the subject bank is effectively lifted. 미국에서는 이원은행제도(Dual Banking System) 하에 연방법에 기초한 국법은행과 주법에 기초한 주(州)법은행이 병존하고 있으며, 연방기관인 통화감독청(OCC)과 주(州)은행 당국이 각각 은행에 대한 면허 부여와 감독을 배타적으로 실시하고 있다. 저축은행과 신용조합에 대해서도 마찬가지로 연방법과 주법에 의한 이원적인 면허 부여·감독이 이루어지고 있다. 이원은행제도(Dual Banking System)는 주법에 기초한 주(州)법 은행과 이들을 면허·감독하는 주(州)은행 당국 및 국법(연방법)에 기초한 국법은행과 이들을 면허·감독하는 통화감독당국(OCC)이 병존하며, 양자가 은행면허와 은행감독을 서로 배타적으로 수행하는 구조이다. 이원은행제도는 미국의 고유한 제도일 뿐만 아니라 이 나라 은행제도에서 상당히 중요한 부분을 구성하고, 때로는 신성시하기까지 시작된 이원제도는 저축대출조합, 상호저축은행 및 신용조합까지 적용범위를 확장하는 것으로 알려졌다. 이와 같은 행정제도는 세계적으로도 드문 제도일 뿐만 아니라, 미국의 민간 법인 제도로서도 이례적인 것이다. 이상하게도 미국사회에는 한쪽의 거대함(bigness)을 동경하는 한편 다른 거대함을 미워하는 상반된 심리 경향의 공존 이른바 앰비벌런스가 있다. 우리는 미국 경제사회에 뿌리 내리고 있는 집중(centralization)과 집중 해제(decentralization)의 대립하는 조류 속에서 이원은행제도의 또 다른 기반을 찾아낼 수 있다. 복잡한 은행감독 기구를 전국적으로 통일하려는 아이디어는 지금까지 여러 가지가 있었고, 구체적인 제안도 나와 있다. 현재 이 구상이 당장 실현되는 상황은 아니지만, 주제은행 업무의 사실상 해금이라는 사태와 함께 생각하면 이원은행 제도의 변화는 더욱 진전될 것으로 예측된다.

Shadow Banking System과 금융시스템의 안정화에 관한 연구

박석강 한일경상학회 2018 韓日經商論集 Vol.80 No.-

The aim of this paper is to discuss about shadow banking and to summarise current situation of shadow banking in Korea and Japan. Also we evaluated how shadow banking affects stability of financial system, and explain effective counterplan to reduce risk through tight monitoring of supervisory agency and central bank. In Korea and Japan, we judge that the systemic risk of shadow banking is unlikely to happen because the size of shadow banking is very small compared to other financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. Also, there are a lot of regulation that control a developing shadow banking system in the Korean financial market. But in the future, the probability of systemic crisis will increase according to the coupling with the global financial market. In addition, the central bank need to pay more attention to its role of central bank to improve the financial stability. 본 연구는 Shadow Banking에 대한 논의와 Shadow Banking이 금융시스템 안정에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. Shadow Banking은 최초 자금공여자에서 최종 자금소비자 사이에 이르기까지 경로가 길고 복잡하게 연결되어 있기 때문에 은행에 비해 신용중개 경로에 있는 어느 한 기관의 경영 위험이 시스템 위험으로 확대될 가능성이 크다고 할 수 있다. 미국에서 발전한 Shadow Banking System은, 첫 번째 미국의 금융규제 시스템의 변천 가운데 복잡화에 따라 발전하였으며, 두 번째 은행 외부와 은행 내부에서 Shadow Banking이 병존하는 했다는 것이며, 세 번째는 Shadow Banking의 발전의 배경에는 기관투자가의 현금흐름에 있어서 수요가 있었다는 점이다. 따라서 대규모 금융복합그룹과 Shadow Banking System이 공생관계에 있다는 점이다. Shadow Banking Risk는 만기 변환과 유동성 변환, 불완전한 신용리스크 이전, 레버리지, 규제 등의 원인으로 발생하였으며 글로벌 금융위기가 발생했을 때는 이러한 요인을포함하여 시장 관행 및 규제 환경 등 여러 가지 요인이 복합적으로 발전하여 Shadow Banking Risk가 현재화되었다는 것을 알 수 있다. Shadow Banking System의 모니터링에 대해서는 금융복합그룹 및 은행시스템과 Shadow Banking 사이에 거래의 관계성과 신뢰성을 확인한 다음 Shadow Banking Risk를 식별할 필요성이 있다.

Impact of Digitalization On the Banking System Transformation

Shcherbatykh, Denis,Shpileva, Vira,Riabokin, Maryna,Zham, Olena,Zalizniuk, Viktoriia International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.12

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of digitalization on the transformation of the banking system, taking into account current innovative development trends. The article analyzes the impact of key factors on the development of the digital economy. Ukraine's ranking positions in terms of digital competitiveness are shown. The necessity of using digital technologies in the sphere of banking activity is substantiated. The dynamics of changes in the number of operating banks in Ukraine is analyzed. The directions of introduction of information technologies in the sphere of banking activity are determined. An analysis of changes in the share of the population of individual EU member states that use the Internet for Internet banking. It is noted that modern transformation trends, digitalization of the economy have a significant impact on the landscape of the banking sector, in this context, the rating of Ukrainian banks in the categories of "Internet Banking" and "Mobile Banking". The advantages and disadvantages of using the capabilities of Internet banking are identified. Based on the study, the importance of expanding the boundaries of digitalization of the domestic banking system is substantiated, which will further increase the level of availability of online services in the field of banking. Prospects for further research are identified in the study of the impact of digitalization on the development of the banking system of foreign countries.

Customer's Attitude toward Mobile Banking Usage: A Case Study in Bangladesh

AL AMIN, Md.,SULTANA, Nahida,SAHA, Trina,ISLAM, S.M. Nazrul,KASHEM, Md. Abul 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.2

Mobile banking brings about a progressive change in the field of banking sectors in Bangladesh. To create a sustainable banking environment, technological implementation is important. As a part of this, many organizations as well as modern banks propelled mobile banking systems in Bangladesh. The customers' attitudes towards mobile banking are fascinating in Bangladesh. So, it is important for mobile banking authority to know what factors influence customers' positive attitude towards mobile banking usage and whether they are facing problems in using mobile banking. To evaluate the customers' attitude toward mobile banking usage in Bangladesh is the main objective of this study. People who use mobile banking have been considered for the study. Respondents were reached out based on their online activities. Around 400 questionnaires have been sent to respondents, but only 200 were returned with responses. A quantitative research design was used for this study. As regards statistical analysis tools, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis have been adopted for analyzing the research study. The results revealed that usage benefits, shopping benefits, and psychological factors influence customers' positive attitude toward mobile banking usage in Bangladesh. Besides, some problems with mobile banking usage are identified by the respondents.

Impact of Digitalization On the Banking System Transformation

Shcherbatykh, Denis,Shpileva, Vira,Riabokin, Maryna,Zham, Olena,Zalizniuk, Viktoriia International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.spc12

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of digitalization on the transformation of the banking system, taking into account current innovative development trends. The article analyzes the impact of key factors on the development of the digital economy. Ukraine's ranking positions in terms of digital competitiveness are shown. The necessity of using digital technologies in the sphere of banking activity is substantiated. The dynamics of changes in the number of operating banks in Ukraine is analyzed. The directions of introduction of information technologies in the sphere of banking activity are determined. An analysis of changes in the share of the population of individual EU member states that use the Internet for Internet banking. It is noted that modern transformation trends, digitalization of the economy have a significant impact on the landscape of the banking sector, in this context, the rating of Ukrainian banks in the categories of "Internet Banking" and "Mobile Banking". The advantages and disadvantages of using the capabilities of Internet banking are identified. Based on the study, the importance of expanding the boundaries of digitalization of the domestic banking system is substantiated, which will further increase the level of availability of online services in the field of banking. Prospects for further research are identified in the study of the impact of digitalization on the development of the banking system of foreign countries.

모바일뱅킹 사용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 탐색

문윤지 대한경영정보학회 2019 경영과 정보연구 Vol.38 No.1

Recently, as mobile banking enables to instantly provide the customized service in accordance with customer demand via information technology. With this individual customized service, mobile banking plays a role of transforming the existing offline banking strategies. However, contrary to expectation, the mobile banking service has not been widely used to the extent that it can replace offline banking service. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the antecedents to affect customer’s usage of mobile banking. Specifically, the antecedents influencing the intention to use and actual usage of mobile banking include personal-innovation fit, positive psychological capital, and service quality factors, which reflect the innovative technology characteristics of mobile banking. Furthermore, the paper also analyzes the effect of mobile banking service on intention to use and actual usage of mobile banking service. With empirical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling for 195 mobile banking users, the results showed that user’s ability fit, value fit, and positive psychological capital positively affected user’s future intention to use and actual usage of mobile banking. Furthermore, the current paper also found the significant moderation effect of usage purpose of mobile banking (banking task and online stock exchange) in the relationship between positive psychological capital and intention to use. This study suggests that banks need to develop mobile banking services that reflect customer’s IT usability as well as their pursuing purpose and value. 최근 모바일뱅킹은 모바일을 포함한 정보기술 인프라를 통해 소비자의 수요에 맞춰 즉각적으로 고객이원하는 개별 맞춤 서비스를 가능하게 함으로써 기존 오프라인 은행의 전략까지 변화시키는 혁신적인 서비스이다. 하지만 모바일뱅킹서비스는 기대와는 오프라인 뱅킹을 대체할 수 있을 수준으로 사용범위가 확대되지는 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 오프라인 뱅킹과는 다른 혁신적인 모바일뱅킹 서비스를 대상으로 고객들이 어떠한 요인에 영향을 받아 모바일뱅킹 서비스를 활용하는 지를 파악하고자 한다. 구체적으로 모바일뱅킹 사용의도에 영향을 미치는 동인으로 개인 사용자 측면에서의 개인-혁신 적합성과 긍정적심리자본을, 그리고 객관적인 정보기술 서비스 특성으로써 모바일뱅킹의 서비스품질 요인을 각각 영향요인으로 연구모형에 포함시켜 향후 모바일뱅킹 서비스 사용의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 모바일뱅킹 사용자 195명의 데이터를 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 실증적 분석을 한 결과, 사용자의 능력적합성 및가치적합성, 그리고 긍정적 심리자본은 사용자의 향후 모바일뱅킹 사용의도 및 실제 사용성에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 또한 모바일뱅킹 목적(뱅킹업무와 온라인 주식거래)에 따라 긍정적 심리자본과사용의도 간 관계가 달라질 수 있다는 조절효과 또한 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 모바일뱅킹 서비스를이용하는 고객의 사용능력과 모바일뱅킹을 통해 추구하는 가치와 목적을 반영한 뱅킹서비스 개발에 주력할 필요가 있음을 제안한다.

State-permeated Banking Sector: Recent Trends in Russia's Banking

( Victor Gorshkov ) 한국비교경제학회 2020 비교경제연구 Vol.27 No.2

The role of the state in Russia’s banking has conventionally been rather significant and in fact it has expanded in recent years following the policies of the Bank of Russia that further strengthened the positions of state-controlled banks. This paper selectively not comprehensibly presents a short macroeconomic analysis of Russia’s banking sector and focuses on the multifunctional role of the state in the banking sector. The research outcomes showcase that government represented by the Bank of Russia is a weak promoter of the banking competition and a weak stimulating actor of Russia’s economy. On one hand, it remains a hypertrophied owner of the banking sector causing its enhanced nationalization and monopolization as the result of its recently implemented policies. However, on the other hand, the Bank of Russia can be definitely regarded as an effective regulator strengthening macroprudential control and supervisory functions via its ‘clearance campaign’ for the purpose of eliminating ‘banking holes’. The enhanced supervisory and regulatory functions of the Bank of Russia can be regarded as a positive sign as they help create healthy environment within the banking sector and aim to establish sound market discipline. However, in the long-run the level of state-permeation into the banking sector should be reconsidered as it poses risks for further market distortions and suppressing competition.