가미지패산(加味芷貝散)의 포도상구균 감염 유방염에 대한 항균활성 및 항염 효과

권지명 ( Ji Myung Kwon ),김동철 ( Dong Chul Kim ) 대한한방부인과학회 2013 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the protective effect of Gamijipaesan aqueous extracts (GJS), which has been traditionally used in Korean medicine in obstetrics & gynecological fields as anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory agents, against mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus infection in a rat model through antibacterial, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-oxidant effects. Methods: Antibacterial activities of GJS against S. aureus were detected using standard agar microdilution methods, with the effects on the bacterial invasion and intracellular killing of individual test materials in human mammary gland carcinoma cell(MCF-7) and murine macrophages(Raw 264.7) at MIC1/2, MIC and MIC2 concentration levels. In addition, the effects on the cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 productions of LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells. The changes on the mammary tissue viable bacterial numbers, myeloperoxidae (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS), TNF-α and IL-6 contents were observed in the S. aureus in vivo intramammary infectious rat model. The anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were compared with ciprofloxacin and piroxicam, respectively in the present study. Results: MIC of GJS and ciprofloxacin against S. aureus were detected as 0.860±0.428 (0.391-1.563) mg/ml and 0.371±0.262 (0.098-0.782) μg/ml, respectively. In addition, GJS and ciprofloxacin were also showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of the both bacterial invasion and intracellular killing assays using MCF-7 and Raw 264.7 cells at MIC1/2, MIC and MIC×2 concentrations, respectively. ED50 against LPS-induced cell viabilities and NO, TNF-α and IL-6 releases of GJS were detected as 0.72, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.11 mg/ml, and as 19.04, 4.18, 5.37 and 4.27 μg/ml in piroxicam, respectively. 250 and 500 mg/kg of GJS also inhibit the intramammary bacterial growth, MPO, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 contents in S. aureus in vivo intramammary infected rats, respectively. GJS 500 mg/kg showed quite similar antibacterial and anti-infectious effects as compared with ciprofloxacin 40 mg/kg and also showed similar anti-inflammatory effects as piroxicam 10 mg/kg, in S. aureus in vivo intramammary infectious models. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that over 250 mg/kg of GJS showed favorable anti-infectious effects against S. aureus infection in a rat model through their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant effects and therefore expected that GJS can be used as alternative therapies, having both anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious activities. However, more detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the efficacy tests of individual herbal composition of GJS and the screening of the biological active compounds in individual herbs. In the present study, GJS 500 mg/kg showed quite similar anti-infectious effects were detected as compared with ciprofloxacin 40 mg/kg treated rats, and also GJS shows quite similar anti-inflammatory effects as compared with piroxicam 10 mg/kg in S. aureus in vivo intramammary infectious rats, but ciprofloxacin did not showed any anti-inflammatory effects, and piroxicam did not showed anti-infectious effects in this study.

Low-Dose Tramadol and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Combination Therapy Prevents the Transition to Chronic Low Back Pain

Kazuhide Inage,Sumihisa Orita,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Takane Suzuki,Miyako Suzuki,Yoshihiro Sakuma,Go Kubota,Yasuhiro Oikawa,Takeshi Sainoh,Jun Sato,Kazuki Fujimoto,Yasuhiro Shiga,Koki Abe,Hirohito Kanamoto,M 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: To determine whether low-dose tramadol plus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug combination therapy could prevent the transition of acute low back pain to chronic low back pain. Overview of Literature: Inadequately treated early low back pain transitions to chronic low back pain occur in approximately 30% of affected individuals. The administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is effective for treatment of low back pain in the early stages. However, the treatment of low back pain that is resistant to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is challenging. Methods: Patients who presented with acute low back pain at our hospital were considered for inclusion in this study. After the diagnosis of acute low back pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration was started. Forty patients with a visual analog scale score of >5 for low back pain 1 month after treatment were finally enrolled. The first 20 patients were included in a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group, and they continued non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy for 1 month. The next 20 patients were included in a combination group, and they received low-dose tramadol plus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug combination therapy for 1 month. The incidence of adverse events and the improvement in the visual analog scale score at 2 months after the start of treatment were analyzed. Results: No adverse events were observed in the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group. In the combination group, administration was discontinued in 2 patients (10%) due to adverse events immediately following the start of tramadol administration. At 2 months, the improvement in the visual analog scale score was greater in the combination group than in the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group (p <0.001). Conclusions: Low-dose tramadol plus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug combination therapy might decrease the incidence of adverse events and prevent the transition of acute low back pain to chronic low back pain.

추출 방법에 따른 감길탕가미방(甘桔湯加味方)의 항염증(抗炎症), 진통(鎭痛), 해열(解熱), 항산화(抗酸化) 및 Histamine 투과 억제효과

진형준,김남재,최혁재,정희재,정승기,Jin, Hyung-Joon,Kim, Nam-Jae,Choi, Hyuck-Jai,Jung, Hee-Jae,Jung, Sung-Ki 대한한방내과학회 2008 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

Objectives : Modified Gamgil-tang is a prescription commonly used for respiratory diseases. This thesis was carried out to check the treatment effects and diversity of drug formulation by comparing extraction method of ethanol and water of modified Gamgil-tang. Methods : All experiments were carried out with water and 50% ethanol extraction for comparison. In vivo experiment, hyaluronidase inhibitory effects and trypsin inhibitory effects were tested to measure the anti-inflammatory effects activity. Scavenging effects of DPPH free radical, xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects and inhibition on TBA-RS formation were experimented to measure anti-oxidative effects. With the in vivo experiment, ICR group mice and SD group rats were used as experimental animals. An anti-inflammatory effects experiment were carried out to measure the action on carrageenin-induced hind paw edema: analgesic effects were measured using writhing syndrome induced by 0.7% acetic acid in mice: antipyretic effect was measured using endotoxin, and inhibitory effects of increase vascular permeability induced by 0.5% histamine were measured. Results : For extraction of glycyrrhizin contents, ethanol extract was extracted 2 times of that of water extract. Anti-inflammatory effects showed high in ethanol extract. Anti-oxidative effects measured high in ethanol extract. No significant result was found in inhibition on TBA-RS formation. Analgesic effects were found to be similar in water and ethanol extract. Antipyretic effects were found to be stronger in water extract. Inhibitory effects of increase vascular permeability induced by 0.5% histamine showed stronger in ethanol extract. Conclusion : By measuring anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic effects, antipyretic effects, anti-oxidative effects, and histamine permeation inhibition effects both in water extract and ethanol extract after adding agents such as Mentha Herba, Gardenias Fructus, and propolis to existing Gamgil-Tang, ethanol extract was found to be more effective in anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic effects, anti-oxidative effects, and histamine permeation inhibition effects. The converse was found for antipyretic effect.

Anti-Hyperalgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ketorolac Tromethamine Gel using Pulsed Ultrasound in Inflamed Rats

양재헌,김태열,Ji-Hye Lee,Se-Won Yoon,양규호,신상철 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.4

The aim of this study was to determine if a Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT) gel solution could be administered in vivo via phonophoretic transdermal delivery using pulsed ultrasound by examining its anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat carrageenan inflammation model. 1% carrageenan was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw of a rat, and anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of KT via phonophoretic transdermal delivery were examined. The changes in the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, nociceptive flexor reflex (NFR), as well as the swelling changes were determined. According to the anti-hyperagesia and anti-inflammation tests, which were used to determine the change in the pain threshold, NFR and swelling showed that the group given the phonophoretic transdermal delivery of KT exhibited significantly more noticeable anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects than those treated with the simple application of a KT gel. The transdermal application of KT gel using phonophoresis had significant anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. These findings suggest that the transdermal administration of a KT gel using phonophoresis using pulsed ultrasound might be useful for treating acute inflammation and pain.

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Chaenomeles speciosa Fractions in Laboratory Animals

X. Li,Y.-B. Yang,Q. Yang,L.-N. Sun,W.-S. Chen 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.5

The prescription of current existing anti-inflammatory drugs is hampered by their adverse effects over time. Botanical extracts are thought to be a potential source of a natural anti-inflammatory property with fewer adverse effects. Chaenomeles speciosa has long been used as an herbal medicine for treatment of various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, prosopalgia, and hepatitis. Until now there have been no reports on the specific anti-inflammatory fractions of extract of C. speciosa (ECS). In the present study the anti-inflammatory activities of different fractions of ECS were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The 10% ethanol fraction (C3) was found to have stronger anti-inflammatory effects compared with other fractions at the same dose. We also found that chlorogenic acid was one of the active constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect using bioassay-guided fractionation by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared with controls, fraction C3 demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in the xylene-induced ear edema test (P<.01), acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary permeability test, and the cotton pellet granuloma test in mice or rats (P<.01); it also showed marked analgesic activity in the acetic acid-induced abdominal contraction test and formalin-induced paw licking test in mice and rats (P<.05 or .01). However, fraction C3 showed no significant effect in the hot plate test in mice. These findings justify the use of the C. speciosa for treating pain and inflammation. These results support the proposal of C. speciosa fraction C3 as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Activities of Native and Modified Hen Egg White Lysozyme

Wilman Carrillo,Humberto Spindola,Mercedes Ramos,Isidra Recio,Joao Ernesto Carvalho 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.10

Persistent inflammatory conditions can have severe pathological consequences. Although the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is effective, it has side effects, particularly at the gastrointestinal level. There is then a high interest to identify natural anti-inflammatory compounds with no side effects. The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of hen egg lysozyme (LZ), both in its native form and modified by heat treatment, chemically or by enzymatic digestion have been tested in this study. The carrageenan-induced model in mice using native LZ or modified LZ has been applied. It was observed that LZ denatured by heat treatment at pH 6.0 presented 39.47% of inhibition of paw edema when administered at 30 mg/kg. LZ denatured with DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) presented a significant result of 42.10% inhibition of paw edema when administered at 30 mg/kg of animal weight. Modified LZ showed anti-inflammatory capacity comparable with the activity of the positive control dexamethasone. A classical model of acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing tests in mice was used to assess anti-nociceptive activity of native LZ and denatured heat treatment LZ and denatured chemical agent LZ. Finally, hydrolyzed native LZ presented 48% of inhibition of abdominal writhing in mice. Modified LZ with heat, chemical, and hydrolysis presented anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities independently of their natural enzymatic activity. These novel data point out the potential use of denatured and digested LZ as therapeutic agents and offer alternatives to the use of NSAIDs. LZ can be a natural source of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive agents.

Anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-nociceptive activities of the chloroform fraction of a methanol extract from <i>Rosa davurica</i> Pall. leaves in experimental animal models

Jung, Hyun-Joo,Sa, Jae-Hoon,Song, Yun Seon,Shim, Tae-Heum,Park, Eun-Hee,Lim, Chang-Jin Informa Healthcare 2011 Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology Vol.33 No.1

<P><I>Rosa davurica</I> Pall. has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases and tumors. Its dried leaves were extracted with absolute methanol, and the methanol extract was successively fractionated into <I>n</I>-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, <I>n</I>-butanol, and aqueous fractions. Anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive activities were determined using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and acetic acid-induced writhing response, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using two <I>in vivo</I> mouse models, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the air-pouch. The methanol extract gave rise to significant inhibition in the CAM angiogenesis, and showed marked 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Among the fractions prepared from the methanol extract, the chloroform fraction exhibited highest inhibitory effect in the CAM angiogenesis. The chloroform fraction displayed anti-inflammatory activities in vascular permeability and air-pouch models. In the air-pouch model, it was able to diminish exudate volume, number of polymorphonulcear leukocytes, and nitrite content. It also showed anti-nociceptive activity in the writhing response model in mice. The leaves of <I>R. davurica</I> possess anti-angiogenic and related anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities, which would provide some therapeutic support on its traditional use.</P>

Anti-inflammatory Action of Phenolic Compounds from Gastrodia elata Root

Lee, Ji-Yun,Jang, Young-Woon,Kang, Hyo-Sook,Moon, Hee,Sim, Sang-Soo,Kim, Chang-Jong The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.10

Previous screening of the pharmacological action of Gastrodia elata (GE) root (Orchidaceae) showed that methanol (MeOH) extracts have significant anti-inflammatory properties. The antiinflammatory agents of GE, however, remain unclear. In this experiment, MeOH extracts of GE were fractionated with organic solvents for the anti-inflammatory activity-guided separation of GE. Eight phenolic compounds from the ether (EtOEt) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were isolated by column chromatography: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (II), benzyl alcohol (III), bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane (IV), 4(4'-hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl-methylether (V), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (VI), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (VII), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (VIII). To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of these compounds, their effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema, arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema and analgesic activity in acetic acid (HAc)-induced writhing response were carried out in vivo; cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL 2H3) cells and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydroazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were determined in vitro. These phenolic compounds not only had anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo, but also inhibited COX activity and silica-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Among these phenolic compounds, compound VII was the most potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Compound VII significantly inhibited silica-induced ROS generation and compound VI significantly increased DPPH radical scavenging activity. Compounds I, II and III significantly inhibited the activity of COX-I and II. These results indicate that phenolic compounds of GE are anti-inflammatory, which may be related to inhibition of COX activity and to anti-oxidant activity. Consideration of the structure-activity relationship of the phenolic derivatives from GE on the anti-inflammatory action revealed that both C-4 hydroxy and C-3 methoxy radicals of benzyl aldehyde play an important role in anti-inflammatory activities.

Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Desalted Salicornia europaea L. Fermented by Bacillus velezensis K26

( Hyunjin Lee ),( Wooki Kim ),( Sungho Jang ),( Myung-ji Seo ) 한국산업식품공학회 2021 산업 식품공학 Vol.25 No.3

Salicornia europaea L. (SE) as a halophyte has been widely used as a seasoned vegetable with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. In particular, the desalted SE (DSE) has been considered an attractive alternative compared to SE for its anti-obesity effect. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is one of the known α-glucosidase inhibitors and has been reported to have similar biological activities with SE. This study reports the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities of DSE fermented by Bacillus velezensis K26 (BVDSE) previously isolated from Korean fermented soybean paste and elucidated to produce 1-DNJ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 cells. BVDSE (5%) did not show cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells and inhibited lipid accumulation, which was decreased to 23% in the differentiated cells. BVDSE did not inhibit the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, while it remarkedly inhibited IL-6 on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the fermentation of DSE with B. velezensis K26 as a 1-DNJ producer has more significant anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects than even non-fermented DSE, assuming the synergistic effects by 1-DNJ production from B. velezensis K26, by which it could be highlighted that BVDSE may be considered for use as a functional food supplement.

Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Salix Koreensis Andersson in DC. leaf methanol extract in vitro models

Kim, Eun-Ji,Kim, Mi Hye Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2016 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.6 No.4

Oxidative rancidity in foods causes undesirable changes in nutritive value, aroma, flavor, and color. Salix Koreensis Andersson in DC. (SK) has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and is traditionally used to treat neuralgia, edema, pain, and inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory effects of SK on oxidative and inflammatory reactions have not been elucidated. In this context, we scientifically validated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of SK leaf (SKL). The methanol extract of SKL was evaluated for in vitro anti-oxidative activities. SKL showed increased superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of SKL were also investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. LPS resulted in decreased SOD activities compared with the unstimulated cells, but SKL significantly increased SOD activities reduced by LPS. In addition, LPS-induced nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 productions were significantly and dose-dependently reduced by SKL in RAW264.7 macrophages without inducing cytotoxicity. In conclusion, these results indicate that SKL will be able to be effectively used as a food additive with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.