An AHP-ANP Comparative Study on the Structural Impact of Adding or Deleting Indifferent Criteria

윤민석 한국기업경영학회 2016 기업경영연구 Vol.23 No.2

This study deals with addition of indifferent or wash criteria on which the alternatives have equal performance in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) against the misguided argument as shortcoming of the AHP. In such case, it is noted that careful attention and a correct approach are required in order not to lead towards the wrong decision of rank reversal when composing priorities of criteria and performances of alternatives according to the criteria. It is proposed that prioritizing effect of added or deleted indifferent criteria requires consistency with the change of conceptual definition in regards to the related elements as well as that of the hierarchical structure if needed. Corresponding to such importance in ranking alternatives, two principles of the AHP need to be considered simultaneously: the completeness for expectation and the outer dependence of a hierarchy on which the argument of rank reversal focuses only. The completeness implies all criteria are represented in the hierarchy or the network. Then the decision makers make sure that their ideas are adequately represented for the outcome to match their expectations. The outer dependence is concerned with hierarchical decomposition, which implies containment of the small elements by large clusters or levels. If one is to omit this axiom, the principle of hierarchic composition would no longer be applied. Through simply adding a new criterion or deleting a criterion in a given hierarchy with no other dependency except outer-dependency, we can show how to adjust the current global priorities by the addition or deletion corresponding to the hierarchic level. This is based on the fact that the conceptual/substantial definition of corresponding higher criterion needs to change as well. As a result, this study shows the wrong example in the previous study overlooked the correct meaning of expectation. This approach coincides with the outcome by supermatrix approach as a general matrix form dealing with a hierarchy. Logically, the adding or deleting of subcriterion in a level of criterion requires the change of the related criteria definition in upper levels and impacts on their priorities according to the related equation which is accompanying with its local priority matrix. When the meaning of completeness is considered to change global vector, not only changing local vector but also changing the else is required. Therefore, it is required to consider the outer-dependency and completeness principles for expectation simultaneously when using hierarchical approach. This study also show that the Analytic Network Process (ANP) as a general approach can cover the case of adding feedback from alternatives to the given hierarchic criteria or subcriteria, where the input and output can be represented in the supermatrix. At first, we show the necessary calculation of feedback from the assumption that the new criterion is indifferent between the two alternatives. Finally, we also show that there is no rank reversal between the two given alternatives, and total priorities with regards to the alternative coincide with those before adding a new but indifferent criterion with the same values to alternatives. Additionally, we find out a feedback characteristic that the priorities of criteria are transferred to the lower subcriteria, which is from the assumption of bidirectional dependency between the criteria and two alternatives in the limiting supermatrix. The other is from the assumption of cycle, the direction of feedback to criteria and subcriteria. We can find the same result as that of the hierarchic approach in this example, and there is no rank reversal. Finally, this paper discusses the way in which there is no irrational/unreasonable rank reversal with simple addition of indifferent criteria in addition to the deletion of the indifferent criteria, which helps AHP/ANP application.

Analytic Hierarchy Process를 이용한 중소병원의 특성화방안 연구

박병석 ( Byung-seg-park ),최호규 ( Ho-gyu Choi ) 공주대학교 KNU 기업경영연구소 2020 기업경영리뷰 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 AHP의 이론적 고찰과 실증분석을 통해 개별 중소병원이 보유하고 있는 핵심역량과 외부환경의 주요 구성요소들을 계층화하여 분석함으로써 병원의 효율적인 경영을 통한 경쟁력을 강화하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 병원의 대표적인 전담인력인 의료진과 팀장급 이상 간호사, 의료기사 및 행정책임자를 평가대상 집단으로 구성하여 Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) 분석방법을 적용하여 평가지표의 우선순위를 분석하였다. 연구결과 전문영역 선정을 위한 22대 질환 기준 중위계층 평가항목의 우선순위 가중치는 성장성(0.56), 수익성(0.32), 지역사회기여도(0.12)순으로 나타났으며, 일관성비율(CR)은 0.13으로 응답자가 일관성 있게 쌍대비교를 수행 한 것으로 평가된다. 하위계층의 평가항목 우선순위 측정결과 수익성의 중요도는 수요력(0.56)이 시장성(0.41)보다 높았으며, 성장성의 중요도는 환자증가 전망(0.65)이 진료비증가 전망(0.35)보다 높았다. 지역사회기여도 측정결과 지역수요증가전망(0.68)이 지역수요(0.32)보다 높게 나타났다. 22대 질환기준 AHP 매트릭스 분석결과 종합평점 0.55이상으로 집중육성이 필요한 전문영역은 호흡기계의 질환(J00-J99), 소화기계의 질환(K00-K93), 근골격계 및 결합조직의 질환(M00-M99)순이었으며, 종합평점 0.45~0.55사이의 경쟁력 강화가 필요한 분야는 손상중독 및 외인에 의한 기타질환(S00-T98), 순환기계의 질환(I00-I99)순이었다. 또한 특성화영역 선정을 위한 지역 내 차별성 측면의 하위계층 평가항목 우선순위 측정결과 확장 필요성(0.60)이 지역 내 차별성(0.40)보다 높게 분석되었다. 특성화센터 기능기준 AHP종합평점 측정결과 특성화 우선순위는 재활의학센터, 뇌혈관센터, 소화기병센터 순으로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 시사점은 첫째, 개별 중소병원이 보유하고 있는 핵심역량을 기반으로 향후 병원경영의 성패에 중요한 요소로 작용하는 외부환경의 변화요인을 감안한 경쟁력 있는 진료 분야를 선택, 전략적으로 강화하여야 한다는 것이다. 둘째, 의학적으로 필요한 비 급여 완전폐지 등 정부의 보편적 복지정책 시행으로 국민들의 의료서비스에 대한 경제적 접근성이 수월해짐에 따라 병원의 미래발전을 위한 특성화영역을 강화·집중하여 무형자산을 육성함으로써 병원이미지 및 신뢰성을 제고, 의료소비자에게 긍정적인 영향을 미치도록 노력하여야한다는 것이다. 이를 통해 병원의 효율적인 경영에도 유의적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대할 수 있다. The objective of the study is to enhance competitiveness through efficient management of hospitals through analyzing key capabilities and key components of the external environment of individual small and medium-sized hospitals with theoretical consideration and empirical analysis of AHP. To this end, the medical team, team leader-level nurses, medical technicians, and administration officials, who are representative staff members of hospitals, were organized into groups subject to evaluation. Then the priority of the assessment index was analyzed by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) method. For selecting the medical specialty areas, the results showed that the priority weighting factors of the middle class assessment criteria for the 22 major disease were growth (0.56), profitability (0.32), and community contribution (0.12). The consistency ratio (CR) was 0.13, and it is confirmed that the pairwise comparisons were performed consistently. As a result of measuring the priority of the lower class, marketing demand (0.56) was higher than marketability (0.41) in the importance of profitability and patients’ growth prospects (0.65) was higher than medical expenses increase (0.35) in the importance of growth. As a result of measuring community contribution, regional demand growth outlook (0.68) was higher than local demand (0.32). According to the analysis of AHP matrix on 22 major diseases, the areas that needs intensive upbringing are respiratory disease (J00-J99), digestive system disease (K00-K93), musculo skeletal system and connective tissue disease (M00-M99) in sequence, and the listed diseases have a total score of 0.55 or higher. Competitiveness areas with a composite score of 0.45 to 0.55 were in order of damage poisoning and exogenous diseases (S00-T98) and circulatory disease (I00-I99). In addition, based on the priority measurement of the lower-layer evaluation items, it was analyzed that the necessity of expansion( 0.60) was higher than that of the regional differentiation (0.40) in terms of regional differentiation for the selection of specialized areas. AHP general assessment results on the specialized center showed that the characterization priorities are in order of rehabilitation medical center, cerebrovascular center, and digestive cavalry center. The implications of this study are as follows. First, in order to manage the variable factors of the external environment, which is important for the management of small and medium hospitals, it is necessary to select and strategically strengthen the competitive medical field based on the core competencies of the hospital. Second, with the government’s universal welfare policy, such as the complete abolition of medically necessary non-insurance, it is easier for the public to access medical services. Efforts should be made to have a positive impact on medical consumers by enhancing the image and credibility of hospitals by fostering intangible assets by strengthening and concentrating specialized areas for future development of hospitals. This can be expected to have a significant impact on the efficient management of hospitals.

계층분석법(AHP)을 이용한 사회서비스 조직의 공공성 평가에 대한 연구

장춘옥 국제문화기술진흥원 2020 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.6 No.4

Currently, suggesting directions for strengthening publicity of social services is thinking in the direction of each person's advantage from the stakeholder's perspective. The position of the service provider and the position of the user shows different opinions on the definition and evaluation of publicity of the city or province as the management entity. Therefore, this study combines opinions on publicity focusing on community service, derives consensus on the definition and evaluation of publicity, and evaluates different indicators or factors that cannot be quantified at the same time. The goal is to solve the problem of publicity by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) as a possible technique. In addition, in order to achieve the research objectives according to the designed frame, an empirical study was conducted by conducting a pairwise comparison questionnaire for experts and users. 현재 사회서비스 공공성 강화에 따른 방향 제시는 이해관계자의 관점에서 각자의 유리한 방향으로 생각하고 있으며, 서비스 제공기관 입장과 이용자의 입장, 관리 주체인 시·도의 공공성의 정의와 평가에 대해서는 의견이 서로 다르다. 본 연구는 지역사회서비스를 중심으로 하는 공공성에 대한 의견을 종합하여 공공성의 정의와 평가에 대한 합의점을 도출하고, 서로 다른 지표를 가지고 있거나 계량화할 수 없는 요소들을 동시에 평가할 수 있는 기법으로 계층분석법(Analytic Hierarchy Process: AHP)을 적용하여 공공성의 문제점을 해결하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 또한, 설계된 프레임에 따라 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 전문가를 대상으로 쌍대비교의 설문조사를 수행하여 실증 연구를 하였다.

A Method for Evaluating High Speed Internet Services using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Song Jun O,Kim Woo Je 실천경영학회 2009 실천경영연구 Vol.3 No.1

High speed internet services are provided to most homes according to development of the information technology. The Internet Service Provider (ISP)s have endeavored to increase customers by providing value added internet services. In this paper, we developed a methodology for evaluating internet service products by the analytic hierarchy process. The methodology considers cost, performance, supplement services, and customer support policy of the ISP as evaluation factors. Also, we applied the methodology to the internet service market in South Korea. The result showed that the priority order for high speed internet customers to select an internet service product was cost, performance, customer support policy of the internet service provider, and supplement services. Finally, we accomplished the sensitivity analysis for the evaluation factors used in the analytic hierarchy process.

용접법의 우선순위 결정 방법

김종도(Jong-Do Kim),김광희(Kwang-heui Kim),윤문철(Moon-Chul Yoon) 한국기계가공학회 2016 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.15 No.5

Nowadays, several welding processes are generally used to join parts together, and the materials are generally steel, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, and other difficult-to-weld materials. If a proper welding process is chosen, it is helpful for welding parts. However, there is no desirable technique for appropriately deciding on the welding process in the industry. Therefore, an appropriate method of selecting a welding process is needed for the novice worker in the industry. In this sense, a new analytic network process (ANP) technique is used for effective decision making in welding. By considering several criteria in ANP, a selection method is suggested to decide on the proper welding process. In the study, several criteria were considered for the proper welding of parts. By considering a matrix of prior interdependence effects among various welding processes, a decision-making method based on an ANP is accomplished using a weighting matrix, which is supposed to select an appropriate welding process. In addition, for appropriate decision criteria of the welding process, several factors, such as material, shape, precision, economics, and equipment, are used to accomplish the ANP algorithm. Moreover, the final weighting matrix is calculated following its ANP strategy. Furthermore, this decision-making technique is applied to both stainless razor spot joining and thick steel pipe joining. The results show its reliability and practicality, and the novice engineer and manager can use this technique to determine the best welding process.

Examination of Thai Construction Safety Factors using the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Thanwadee Chinda 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.7

The construction industry is one of the industries with high accident rate. To improve safety standard to compete internationally, the key construction safety factors are examined in this paper utilizing the analytic hierarchy process. The results reveal the Policy factor as the most important factor to improve safety standard. The implementation plan must be practical and include regulations stated in the international safety standards.

무용예술인의 진로정책에 관한 계층분석적 의사결정

태혜신 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2012 스포츠와 법 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of ths study was to collect and analyze priority and relative importance of policy factors to improve career development of dance artists from an expert group consisting of scholars and field workers related to dance career development. In order to achieve these purposes, this study conducted delphic surveys three times with a group of experts consisting of field experts and theorists including the members of govermental and dance organizations and scholars. Selected experts were given explanations about the objectives and contents of this study through emails and telephone calls, and then induced to participate in research. Through this process, 25 experts who gave their consent to participation in research were selected as the subjects of this study. On the other hand this syudy use the Delphic Hierarchy Process(DHP), which combined the Delphi technique and AHP, to measure the weighy of decision making hierarchy. From the results obtained through these processes were drawn conclusion as follows. First, for the justification of suggested policies, the Delphi technique which derives consensus among experts was utilized. The Delphi was took three times: the first and the second were for the review of appropriateness and reasonability; the third was for the development of weight among confirmed policies. The finally confirmed policies consist of 3 areas, 14 policy factors, and 39 specipic policy tasks. Second, as the result of weighting the 3 areas, government(59.4%), related dance institution and organization(24.9%), and university and academic community were in order. Third, as the result of estimating the 14 policy factors, highest priority was given to 'strenghten support system of dance organization'(28.5%). Fourth as the result of estimating the 39 policy factors, highest priority was given to enlarge establishment of professional dance company(19.0%) 본 연구는 무용예술인의 진로계발를 위하여 우선적으로 추진하여야 할 정책 요소들을 추출하고, 요소별 정책추진의 상대적 중요도 및 우선순위를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 무용예술인의 진로계발과 관련된 다양한 이해관계를 대표할 수 있도록 전문성의 영역을 정부기관 및 유관단체, 학계, 무용예술인 등 3개 영역으로 구분하고 각 영역에 해당되는 전문가 25명을 선정한 다음 이메일과 전화 통화를 통해 본 연구의 참여를 요청하였다. 연구방법은 델파이 기법과 계층화 분석법(AHP)을 결합한 ‘Delphic Hierarchy Process(DHP)' 기법을 사용하였으며, 분석적계층화과정(Analytical Hierarchy Process: AHP) 방법을 이용하여 무용예술인의 진로계발을 위한 정책요소의 우선순위를 비교, 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 무용예술인을 위한 합리적인 진로계발 정책을 수립하기 위하여 전문가 패널을 대상으로 2차에 걸친 델파이 조사를 실시한 결과, 3개 정책 영역, 14개 정책요소, 그리고 39개 세부정책으로 구성된 진로계발정책을 개발하였다. 둘째, 무용예술인의 진로계발 정책 영역의 가중치는 정부 및 지자체가 59.4%로 가장 높고, 다음으로 유관기관 및 단체(24.9%), 대학 및 학계(15.7%)의 순으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 가중치 순위는 진로계발정책의 추진에 있어서 정부 및 지자체의 역할이 가장 중요함을 시사하여 주고 있다. 셋째, 무용예술인의 진로계발 정책 요소의 가중치는 ‘무용조직 및 지원체제 강화’가 28.5%로 가장 높게 나타나 이 항목이 다른 정책요소에 비하여 상대으로 중요하다고 인식하는 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 ‘무용재정 확대’(12.0%)와 ‘무용전문인력 양성’(12.0%), ‘교수-학습 환경 개선’(11.0%), ‘무용교육 제도화’(10.2%) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 무용예술인의 진로계발 정책 세부항목별 가중치는 전체 39개 세부항목 가운데 ‘전문무용단 설립확대’이 19.0%로 가장 높고 그 다음이 ‘무용기획자 양성’(10.0%), ‘무용예산 증액’(9.6%), ‘무용교육 정규화’(6.4%), ‘실무교육 강화’(6.3%)의 순으로 나타났다.

광해방지사업 우선순위 도출을 위한 의사결정분석

어승섭,유승훈,이승렬 한국자원공학회 2012 한국자원공학회지 Vol.49 No.3

In this study, the priority of mine reclamation project was derived by using Analytic Hierarchy Process. Analytic Hierarchy Process is the representative decision-making methodology to decide a rational economic, business and industrial policy. The evaluation index of mine reclamation program and project were set and opinion of mine reclamation experts about the evaluation index were analyzed in this study. As a results of analysis, it is concluded that this mine reclamation program have to focus on ‘pollution prevention project in the public goods’ and ‘the seriousness of general public’. In addition, analysis of the priority of each mine reclamation project concludes that each mine reclamation project have to focus on ecological damage and the loss of life. In order to perform an effective mine reclamation policy, policy makers must establish mine reclamation policy, focusing on role as public goods of mine reclamation program and minimization of damage of ecosystem and life. 본 연구는 계층화 분석법을 활용하여 광해방지사업의 우선순위 결정을 위한 합리적인 의사결정을 도모하고자 하였다. 계층화 분석법은 합리적인 경제, 경영 및 산업 정책을 결정하기위한 대표적인 의사결정방법론이다. 본 연구는 광해방지사업의 프로그램과 프로젝트 평가지표를 설정했다. 그리고 본 연구는 평가지표에 대한 광해전문가의 의견을 분석하였다. 이러한 광해방지사업 평가모형을 분석해본 결과, ‘광해방지사업의 공공성’과 ‘광해의 대국민 심각성’ 항목이 광해방지사업 평가지표로 제일 중요한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 각 광해방지사업 프로젝트 평가지표의 우선순위 분석에서는 인명 피해와 생태계 피해와 관련된 항목들이 상위 고려사항으로 분석되었다. 이러한 점을 상기해본다면, 광해방지사업은 본연의 공공재적 특성을 강조하고 인명과 생태계에 대한 직접적 피해를 최소화시키는 정책이라는 사실을 부각시키면서 시행할 필요가 있다는 점을 시사한다.

Analytic Hierarchy Process를 이용한 건강보험 급여 우선순위 결정: 4대 중증질환 비급여항목을 중심으로

정형선 ( Hyoung Sun Jeong ),조재영 ( Jae Young Cho ),고혜진 ( Hey Jin Ko ) 한국보건행정학회 2014 보건행정학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Background: Demands are recently rising for the securement of procedural justification of policy decision-making. This study aims to improve the procedure of making a decision to expand health insurance benefit package from the perspective of building a social consensus. Methods: Major priority principles were firstly derived through literature search. Weights for such principles were calculated through an analytic hierarchy process, based upon the survey conducted for the health policy experts. Priority for 11 non-covered services was assessed by applying the weights as above to the results of the questionnaire survey targeted at people including members of related committees or societies. Results: Weights for priority principles were in the order of ‘severity/urgency (0.428)’, ‘cost-effectiveness (0.318)’, ‘substitutability (0.164),’ and ‘accountability (0.090)’. What was obtained by applying these weights to the results of the questionnaire survey was considerably in line with what health experts classified those items into 3 groups depending on their own judgement of service necessity (consistent with 9 services out of 11). Conclusion: Results of the study are suggestive as to how far a brief assessment by experts could be utilized in case there are constraints on time and expenses in implementing all the process to secure procedural justification. Various attempts and endeavors need to be made to secure procedural justification that will not mar efficiency of decision-making in the days to come.

A study on early stage IPv6 diffusion policy by using analytic hierarchy process

안중하,최재영,이종수 한국혁신학회 2012 한국혁신학회지 Vol.7 No.2

This study suggests early stage IPv6 address diffusion policy to succeed in making a soft landing of IPv6 address diffusion by using analytic hierarchy process. We use analytic hierarchy process to find factors that can affect IPv6 address diffusion and relative importance among factors. The survey was done on potential consumers that are both researchers and stakeholders. The objective of research is to find the factors, affecting early stage diffusion of IPv6 address. The results show that the most influential factors are ‘new service creation and commercialization capability in communication/broadcasting sector’, ‘switching cost’, and ‘IPv6 adoption policy of government’ in order. The findings can provide political implications to support the successful adoption of IPv6 technology