19~20세기 초 규훈서 연구

황수연 ( Su Yeon Hwang ) 한국고전여성문학회 2012 한국고전여성문학연구 Vol.0 No.24

본고는 19세기부터 20세기 초, 우리나라에서 제작된 규훈서의 목록을 작성하고 이 시기 규훈서의 특징과 의의를 살피기 위해 작성되었다. 19세기~20세기 초는 여성 교육에 대한 관심이 그 어느 때보다 고조되었고 여성 교육 담론이 활성화되었으며 교육 텍스트가 양산되는 등 특기할만한 현상을 보이고 있다. 하지만 그에 비해 이 시기 여성 교육과 관련된 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본고는 15세기부터 18세기에 제작된규훈서를 살핀 선행 연구의 후속 연구로서 이전 시기에 비교해 19~20세기 규훈서의 지속적 측면과 변화된 면모를 살펴 규훈서를 사적으로 조망하였다. 본 연구에서 19~20세기 초 개인이 작성한 규훈서 총 23편의 목록을 제시하였고 규훈서의 작자, 구성과 서술 방식, 내용을 살핌으로써 규훈서의 특징을 살펴보았다. 작자는 사대부 유학자가 여전히 많은 부분을 차지하고 있으나 이전 시기에 비해 신분이 다양해졌다. 15~18세기의 작자가 유교 이념을 보급하고 내재화하기 위해 규훈서를 작성한 반면, 19~20세기 초 작자는 유교 이념을 회복하여 무너지는 국가와 윤리의 기강을 바로 세우고자 규훈서를 작성하였다. 戒/誡, 訓, 鑑, 範, 須知등의 제명에 따라 규훈서의 구성과 서술 방식이 달라지며 서간과 유서의 형식도 존재한다. 항목화 되고 간략화 되는 특성과 하강의 구조를 갖고 있는규훈서도 보인다. 규훈서에서 효와 열, 남녀의 분별 등의 가치가 여전히 중요시되며 강조되고 있으나 보수적인 유교 이념에서 조금씩 벗어나는 내용이 보이기도 한다. 부부관계를 잘 유지하기 위해서는 남편과 아내모두 자신의 책임과 역할을 수행해야 한다고 강조하는데 이는 여성에게 일방적으로 순종을 요구하던 모습과는 다른 지점을 보이는 것이다. 교육주체자로서의 어머니의 역할을 강조하고, 금기 조항이 새롭게 등장하기도 하는데 이러한 것은 당시의 세태를 반영한 결과로 보인다. 규훈서를 통해 여성의 일상생활과 문화를 엿볼 수 있고 여성에 대한 인식의 변화양상을 추적할 수 있어 규훈서 연구는 중요한 의의를 지닌다. 깊이 있는 연구를 위해 규훈서 자료의 적극적인 발굴과 가훈서, 수신서, 전통 윤리교육서, 계녀서, 여성 작가 규훈서 등과의 비교 연구가 필요하다. The purpose of this paper is to draw up the list of the texts on the women`s education in the 19th~the early years of the 20th century and to clarity the characteristics and the meaning of them. There were the heighten of the interest and the activated discourse about the women`s education in the 19th~ the early years of the 20th century. Therefore, the text of the women`s education were mass-produced in that time. However, there are few study about the text of the women`s education. As the follow-up study, this research surveyed the continuous and changed aspects of the texts on the women`s education in the 19th~ the early years of the 20th century. I suggested total 23 lists of the texts on the women`s education in the 19th~ the early years of the 20th century which was written by the individual. I studied the writer, composition, the narrative style and the contents of the texts on the women`s education. There were the many nobleman who were a Confucian scholar as a the writer still, but there were the various status person in the 19th~ the early years of the 20th century. While the writer in the 15th thru 18th wrote the text of the women`s education to extend and internalize the Confucianism, the writer in the 19th~ the early years of the 20th century made them to revive and to make declining discipline stand up. The composition and the narrative style depends on the title like 戒/誡, 訓, 鑑, 範, 須知. There were the letter form and the last will and the testament style. Some text has the characteristics of specification and simplicity. Some text had the structure of descent. The value like the filial duty, integrity and the distinction between sexes were emphasized still in the text of the women`s education, but there were deviational contents from the Confucianism. Some writer mentioned that if a couple keep the conjugal relations well, the husband and the wife had to accomplish their role and responsibility each other. This mention shows different point from the one-side demand on the wife in the 15th thru 18th. The stress on the role of the mother as an educator and new forbidden behavior appeared. These situations reflected social conditions of that time. Because we can know the daily life and the culture of the women`s through the texts on the women`s education and chase the change of the realization of the women`s, the study on the texts on the women`s education has the important meaning. We have to find the more texts on the women`s education and need to compare with the text on the family education, the traditional moral texts, female writer`s text on the women`s education.

20-50대 여성의 얼굴과 목 주름에 관한 인식 조사

김민송,강상모 한국피부과학연구원 2012 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.10 No.3

In this study, a survey of the level, the increase period, the increase cause and the method for improvement of face and neck wrinkles was carried out on women in their 20s-50s. The result is summarized as follows. Women in their 20s of 28.4%, 30s of 53.8%, 40s of 33.3%, 50s of 28.2%, and 20s of 2.0% had no wrinkles, wrinkles a bit, normal wrinkles, a lot of wrinkles, and a whole lot of wrinkles on their face, respectively. By age, there were significant differences in wrinkles on their face (p<.001). Women in their 20s of 36.3%, 40s of 53.6%, 30s of 31.9%, 50s of 30.8%, and 50s of 3.4% had no wrinkles, wrinkles a bit, normal wrinkles, a lot of wrinkles, and a whole lot of wrinkles on their neck, respectively. By age, there were significant differences in wrinkles on their neck (p<.001). Women in their 20s of 50.7% and 26.0%, 30s of 24.8% and 37.6%, 40s of 23.9%, 17.9% and 26.9%, and 50s of 24.8%, 27.4% and 12.8% have showed the highest rate of increase in wrinkles on their face since their early 20s and mid-20s, late 20s and early 30s, mid-30s, late 30s and early 40s, and mid-40s, late 40s and early 50s, respectively (p<.001). Women in their 20s of 52.3% and 23.1%, 30s of 27.6% and 34.3%, 40s of 20.6%, 21.3% and 34.6%, and 50s of 25.9%, 20.7% and 20.7% have showed the highest rate of increase in wrinkles on their neck since their early 20s and mid-20s, late 20s and early 30s, mid-30s, late 30s and early 40s, and mid-40s, late 40s and early 50s, respectively (p<.001). Based on this study in the future, follow-up research on the meaning of face and neck wrinkles and the value of wrinkles in women’s life after the age of 50 is needed.

20대 젠더 갈등에 대한 뉴스 의제 및 프레임 분석 : 토픽 모델링과 텍스트 분류 알고리즘을 이용한 2022년 선거 국면에서의 ‘이대남·이대녀’ 현상에 대한 언론보도 탐색

오다슬,이신행 한국언론학회 2023 한국언론학보 Vol.67 No.3

This study identifies the political and social attributes of the "Men and Women in their 20s" agenda and analyzes the framing of the media coverage during the 2022 election campaign. In particular, we focus on the tendency of young adults in their 20s, who have been highlighted as a new political force, to be consumed by gender-based political conflicts, and capture how the media limited the complex agenda attributes of the 'Men and Women in their 20s' agenda to gender-conflicting issues in the 20s. First, we conducted topic modeling on 3,431 relevant news articles to identify agenda attributes, and extracted detailed topics of the 'Men and Women in their 20s' agenda and clustered them based on policy-social agenda attributes and male-female agenda attributes. Most of the extracted topics were related to the campaigns of political candidates in the 20th presidential election, confirming the consumption of 'Men and Women in their 20s' in a political context. Next, we analyzed the composition of gender frames in the coverage of the 'Men and Women in their 20s' agenda through an automated text classification algorithm. We, then, examined the effect of agenda attributes on three gender frames: gender issue analysis frame, gender representation frame, and gender conflict frame, and found that among the agenda attributes of 'Men and Women in their 20s', the female-policy agenda attribute 'female quota system', the male-social agenda attribute 'man-hating controversy', and the male-policy agenda attribute 'soldier meals' had a significant positive effect on the use of gender conflict frame. Moreover, at the agenda attribute level, only the female-policy attribute was positively correlated with the gender conflict frame, unlike other agenda attributes, suggesting that women-oriented policy issues tend to be limited to social conflict and controversy. On the other hand, when it comes to the relationship between agenda attributes and gender representation frame, we found that the 'Men in their 20s' are represented as a group attacking feminism and a far-right populist image, while the 'Women in their 20s' are represented as a socially vulnerable group such as victims of crime and a group opposing discrimination against women. We also found that the new media reported male-policy agenda attributes, such as the 'soldier meals' topic, or female-policy agenda attributes, such as the 'female quota system' topic, in a gender-conflicted manner, turning the issue into a kind of gender confrontation by associating election promises for young people with a specific gender. The theoretical contribution of this study is that it examined the relationship between news agendas and gender-related frames based on attribute agenda-setting theory and frame theory, and explored a research method that combines topic modeling and supervised machine learning at the research methodological level.

‘20대 남성 현상’ 다시 보기 : 20대와 3040세대의 이념성향과 젠더의식 비교를 중심으로

최종숙(Choi, Jong Sook) 비판사회학회 2020 경제와 사회 Vol.- No.125

이 글은 지난 2018년 겨울 이후 나타난 ‘20대 남성 현상’이 20대 남성의 이념적 보수화 혹은 그들의 젠더의식과 20대 남녀의 젠더갈등 때문인지 검토해 보려는 목적을 갖는다. 그것을 위해 2017년 조사된 시민의식조사자료를 토대로 2040세대 남녀의 이념성향 및 젠더의식을 다각도로 비교분석해 보았다. 분석결과 20대 남성의 이념성향은 전통적인 진보-보수의 틀로 규정하기 어려울 뿐만 아니라 쟁점별로 일관성을 띠지 않음을 발견했다. 2018년 20대 보수화의 한 논거로 거론되는 20대 남성의 북한/안보쟁점에서의 보수성은 문재인 정부에 대한 지지가 높았던 2017년에도 나타났다. 결국 오늘날 문재인 정부에 대한 국정지지율 하락과 20대의 보수화 사이에는 관련성이 없음을 확인할 수 있다. 다음으로 20대 남성의 성평등의식은 3040세대 남성들과 비교해서 더 높거나 비슷한 수준임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 점은 최근 나온 다른 연구결과들과도 일맥상통한다. 20대 남녀의 성평등의식 역시 다른 세대 남녀에 비해 그 격차가 크다고 하기는 어려웠다. 한국 사회의 젠더문제가 심각하다면 20대만의 문제가 아닌 전 세대의 문제로 접근해야 한다. 최근 나와 있는 연구들에서 20대 남성의 반페미니즘 의식이 다소 높기는 하지만 이 점은 30대 남성도 마찬가지였다. 따라서 20대 남성의 반페미니즘 때문에 그들의 문재인 정부에 대한 국정지지율이 하락했다면 30대 남성의 국정지지율 역시 하락했어야 했을 것이다. 또한 만일 20대 남성의 반페미니즘 경향성이 문제라면 성평등의식이 상대적으로 높은 20대 남성이 왜 ‘페미니즘’이라는 단어에 거부감을 갖게 되었는지에 대한 보다 심층적인 분석이 필요하다. This study aims to review ‘the phenomenon of 20s male,’ in order to examine whether it is due to the ideological conservatism of men in their 20s or it is due to the gender consciousness of 20s male and conflict between men and women in their 20s. To that end, this study compared and analyzed the ideological orientation and gender consciousness of men and women in their 20s, 30s and 40s, based on the 2017 Survey Data. The analysis found that men in their 20s already had showed considerable conservatism in North Korea/security issues in 2017. This means that men in their 20s supported the Moon Jae-in government at the time with conservative ideological tendencies. Next, men in their 20s were found to have a higher or similar level of gender equality consciousness compared to men in their 30s and 40s. This is also in line with the latest findings of other studies. The gender equality gap between men and women in their 20s was not as wide as other generations. If the gender problem in Korean society is serious, we should approach it as a problem for all generations, not just for those in their 20s. Men in their 20s had a rather high anti-feminism consciousness in other studies, but this was the same for men in their 30s. Therefore, if anti-feminism of men in their 20s caused to diminish their support rate for Moon Jae-in government, support rate of men in their 30s also should have diminished. If the problem is the anti-feminism tendency of men in their 20s, more in-depth analysis is needed of why men in their 20s with relatively higher gender equality consciousness have become resistant to the word ‘feminism.’

보수 여성 주체에 대한 연구

이진옥(Lee, Jin-ock) 한국여성연구소 2016 페미니즘 연구 Vol.16 No.2

이 논문은 시민 대표자의 수준에서 ‘보수 여성’의 여성 대표성에 대한 담론적 분석을 바탕으로, 보수 정치 지형과 페미니스트 정치의 맥락에서 보수 여성 주체가 지닌 잠재성을 새롭게 조명하고자 한다. 보수 여성은 정치학에서는 기존의 ‘보수’적인 정치적 맥락이나 성격, 이념 지향 등의 정치성향에 묻혀 ‘여성’은 기껏 부수적인(added) 변수로 간과되는 한편, 여성학이나 여성주의적인 논의에서는 여성의 정치적 보수성은 가부장적 허위의식의 산물로 인지되어 관심의 대상에서 제외되어왔다. 최초의 여성 대통령은 여성 유권자의 전폭적인 지지로 탄생하였으나, 보수적인 정당의 보수적인 후보에 대한 여성 유권자의 선택이 지니는 성격과 실체는 여전히 모호하게 남아있으며, 성차의 정치성은 불분명하게 기술되어 있을 뿐이다. 이에 여성 대표성과 보수 여성에 대한 해석의 재개념화를 바탕으로, 이번 제20대 총선 과정 전반에서 여성 대표성 강화를 위해 능동적으로 참여한 부산여성총연대의 구성원들의 심층 면접 조사를 통해 모호하고 모순적인 보수 여성의 성격 및 여성 담론의 특질을 규명하고, 잠재적 정치 개혁 주체 및 페미니스트 행위자로서 보수 여성이 지닌 유의미성을 살펴본다. This paper aims to examine the implications that conservative political female subjects have in the light of women’s political representation and political power structure by analyzing the political features of “conservative women”. The conservative women have been understudied and disregarded, as prone to be categorized into “conservative group”, or at best added into as women to such category. Therefore, even though the first female president was elected due to the support from the vast majority of women, the “conservative women” have remained unexamined. In this paper, it attempts to conceptualize and contextualize the conservative women, and thereby reconceptualize women’s political representation by taking a qualitative research methodology with interviews of the activists involved in Busan Women’s Political Solidarity in the 20th General Election. It is Busan where female electorates seem to have voted for Park Geun Hye with the biggest gender disparity and also where women’s collaborative activism for women’s political representation has been the most active. In contrast, the result of the 20<SUP>th</SUP> General Election has secure no single seat for women in Busan. Looking at the activities and discourses of Busan Women’s Political Solidarity in the 20<SUP>th</SUP> General Election, this paper explores the gendered terrain of electoral politics faced by the activism of women’s political representation, and the political implications and political subjectivity of the conservative women who support Park Geun Hye. In so doing, it draws a tentative conclusion that the conservative women may have potential to deepening the gendered fracture of political cleavages in South Korean party political.

19세기 말․20세기 초 여성 교훈서의 ‘복수 일화’와 그 의미

김기림 한국고전여성문학회 2020 한국고전여성문학연구 Vol.0 No.40

교훈서는 사회적 요구 및 규범이나, ‘정의’라고 생각하는 내용을 제시하여 사회의 질서와 안정을 도모한다. 반면, 복수는 신체적, 정신적 피해, 물질적 피해를 입었을 때, 피해자가 되돌려 갚는 행위이다. 복수에는 폭력이 반드시 수반한다. 그러므로 복수는 사회 질서와 안정을 무너뜨린다. 그럼에도 불구하고 19세기말, 20세기 초 여성을 대상으로 한 교훈서에는 복수 일화들을 싣고 있다. 부인언행록,여학(사편)에서는 복수 항목을 신설하여 여성 덕목으로 전면화했고, 기타 여성 교훈서들은 정렬 및 효행 범주에 복수 일화를 새로 넣어, 21편 정도의 복수 일화가 있다. 여성들은 아버지, 남편 등 가장을 위해 복수하고, 그것은 가(家)를 위한 것이며, 혼자 실행하고, 오랜 고통을 견뎌내며, 불의한 가해자를 응징한다. 이 시기 여성교훈서는 복수를 여성 덕목으로 내세우는가 하면, 아버지와 남편을 위한 효열로 규정했고, 정의를 이루는 것이라는 인식을 내포하고 있었던 것이다. 이러한 여성 교훈서 속 복수 일화 편입은 당시의 사회적 요구 내지 정의와 밀접하다. 당시 조선은 외세의 침탈과 일본의 내정 간섭으로 국력이 약화되고, 결국 나라를 잃었다. 이 과정에서 ‘국(國)’ 중요성이 부각되고, 국(國)의 부강과 망국의 원수에 대한 응징이 사회적으로 요구되었다. 또 가(家)와 국(國)의 연계성이 강조되고, 나라의 구성원으로서 규정되었다. 여성들이 ‘국민 구성원’으로 포섭되면서 여성의 덕목도 변했다. 즉 여성 교훈서는 당시의 사회적 상황과 요구를 반영한 것이다. 전통적으로 아버지와 남편은 여성의 하늘로 규정되었고, 이런 관계는 임금과 신하의 관계에 비견되었다. 여성의 효행과 정렬은 나라와 임금을 위한 충으로 확장하여 사유할 수 있는 가능성이 내포되어 있다. 또 당시 가와 국의 연계성이 강조되었는데, 여성의 복수는 가(家)의 존속을 위한 것이었다. 이런 점에서 가(家)를 위한 복수는 나라를 위한 복수로 확장하여 사유할 가능성이 높은 것이다. 이처럼 19세기 말,20세기초 여성 교훈서는 복수 일화를 첨가함으로써, 여성으로 하여금 가(家)를 넘어 나라를 위한 책무를 수행하도록 유도하고 있는 것이다. The lesson book presents social demands and norms, or what we think is 'justice', to promote order and stability of society. Revenge, on the other hand, is the act of returning and paying back when the victim is physically, mentally, or physically damaged.,Revenge therefore breaks down social order and stability. Nevertheless, the book for women's discipline in the late 19th and early 20th century carry revenge anecdotes. bu-in-eonhaenglog(부인언행록) yeohagsapyeon여학(사편)create a new revenge item. Another book for women's discipline has multiple stories that are in the category of alignment or filial piety. They are about 21 episodes. Women get revenge for their fathers and husbands, this revenge is for the family. This revenge is for the family and accomplished by women alone, enduring pain for a long time, and punishing an vicious offender. The book for women's discipline during this period defined revenge as a virtue of women or as a filial piety for fathers and alignment to husbands, and implied the perception that justice was achieved. The inclusion of multiple stories in books that teach women is related to social needs and definitions of the times. At the time, Joseon was invaded by foreign countries, and Japan became involved in Joseon's reign and eventually Joseon lost its country. In the process, the importance of the country was highlighted and society called for punishment of the country's wealth and the enemy who ruined the country. In addition, the idea of family being connected to the country and being a member of the country arose. Women were defined as members of the state and women's virtues changed. In other words, books that teach women reflect the social situation and social needs of the time. Traditionally, women have had to obey their fathers and husbands, and these interrelationships resemble those of kings and subjects. The book for women's discipline is intended to elicit the heart or thoughts of loyalty to the country and the king based on the filial piety and alignment of women. At that time, there was also an idea that the family and the country were connected. Therefore, revenge for the family can be equated with revenge for the country. So in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, revenge stories were added to the book for women's discipline, thus encouraging women to perform their duties for the country, an area that is more extended than family scope.

2016년 국민건강영양조사에 나타난 식사 횟수에 따른 영양 및 식품섭취 실태조사 - 20, 30대 여자를 중심으로 -

송태희,Song, Tae Hee 한국식품영양학회 2020 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

In this study, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2016 examined the nutrient and food intake of women in their 20s and 30s according to the number of meals a day, and the results were as follows: The study included 256 women in their 20s and 474 women in their 30s. Women in their 20s and 30s ate two meals a day, indicating that the notion of three meals a day was gradually changing to two to three meals a day. Those in their 20s and 30s who eat one, two or three meals a day were consuming less than the estimated energy requirement of the DRI for Koreans 2015. The vitamin A and C were eating less than the recommended intake in all meals. In the case of minerals, calcium was taken less than the recommended intake in all meals, but sodium was taken above the goal intake in all groups. Women in their 20s and 30s must reduce their intake of saturated fatty acids and sodium, and increase their intake of vitamins A, C, calcium, and potassium. Women in their 20s and 30s drank a lot of coffee, ate baechu-kimchi and rice frequently per week.

20대 여성의 하반신 체형변화 추이 연구

차수정 한국기초조형학회 2021 기초조형학연구 Vol.22 No.2

As the V-Commerce market expands and consumers' knowledge and perspective on clothes increase, fit is playing an important role in choosing clothes. In this study, the body dimensions of women in their twenties from 2004 to 2015, focusing on the body dimensions that are important for improving the fit of the lower body clothing of women in their twenties, whose importance is increasing as consumers' awareness of clothing increases. We tried to find out the change in size and body shape. The research method was analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program for items related to the lower half of women in their 20s among the fifth, sixth and seventh data of Size Korea. Among the items of the lower body circumference, significant differences were shown according to the time of measurement in all items and flat ratios, except for the circumference of the waist(Omphalion), waist, and thigh. In the case of height, the average of the 6th subject was higher than that of other subjects. In terms of width and thickness, the 5th and 7th subjects were wider and thicker than the 6th subjects, and the 5th and 7th subjects were generally larger for the lower body circumference. The lower body shape factors of women in their twenties include the lateral size factor, the vertical size factor, the circumference of the lower knee, and the hip length factor. The lower body type was classified into three types: short pillar type, apple hip obese type, and long legs. The 5th and 6th subjects had many long legs, and the 7th subjects had many short pillars. You can see that the lower body is thicker, and the waist circumference is also thick, so it can be seen that the body shape is changed to no curve. According to a comparative analysis of the body size and body type of women in their 20s, the lower body type of women in their 20s changes to a body shape without flexion as their legs become thicker and their waist circumference becomes bigger. Therefore, it is believed that it is necessary to develop a new lower body clothing pattern in accordance with the changed body shape of a woman in her twenties. V-Commerce 시장이 확대되고 소비자의 옷에 대한 지식과 안목이 높아지면서 의복 선택에 있어서맞음새는 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 온라인 쇼핑 및 소비자의 의복에 대한 인식수준 증가에 따라 그 중요성이 증대되고 있는 20대 여성의 하반신 의복 맞음새 개선에 중요한 신체치수를 중심으로 20대 여성의 2004년부터 2015년까지의 신체 치수와 체형변화를 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법은 사이즈코리아의 제5차, 제6차, 제7차 데이터 중 20대 여성 하반신 관련 항목을 SPSS 26.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 20대 여성의 하반신 체형변화 추이를 분석한 결과, 하반신 둘레항목 중 배꼽수준허리둘레, 넙다리둘레, 장딴지둘레를 제외하고 모든 항목과 편평률에서 측정 시기에 따라 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 높이항목의 경우 제6차(2010) 피험자의 평균이 다른 피험자에 비해 높았다. 너비와 두께항목은 제5차(2004)와 제7차(2015) 피험자가 제6차 피험자보다 넓고 두꺼웠으며, 둘레항목은 대체로 제5차와 제7차 피험자가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 20대 여성의 하반신 체형 요인은 하반신 횡적 크기 요인, 종적 크기 요인, 무릎아래 둘레 요인, 엉덩이길이 요인 등 4개로 추출되었다. 하반신 체형은 짧은 기둥형, 애플힙 비만형, 긴 새다리형 등 3개 유형으로 분류되었으며, 제5차와 제6차 피험자는 긴 새다리형이 많고 제7차 피험자는 짧은 기둥형이 많은 것으로 나타나 하반신의비만화가 나타남을 알 수 있으며, 허리둘레도 굵어져 굴곡이 없는 체형으로 변화됨을 알 수 있다. 20 대 여성의 하반신 신체치수 측정시기에 따른 신체치수와 체형을 비교 분석한 결과, 20대 여성의 하반신 체형은 다리가 굵어지고 허리둘레는 커져서 굴곡이 없는 체형으로 변화됨을 알 수 있다. 따라서 변화된 20대 여성의 하반신 체형에 맞추어 새로운 하반신용 의류 패턴 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

20대 남성의 보수화 논의, 그 역사와 함의

한귀영 ( Han Gui Young ) 한국정치평론학회 2021 정치와 평론 Vol.29 No.-

This study is an exploratory study that aims to examine the phenomenon of ‘Men in their 20s’. As a result of the analysis, men in their 20s are the most conservative in subjective ideological orientation and evaluation of presidential performance. However, there is a different tendency to go to detailed policy issues. They were conservative about the security issue, but more progressive about the economic/labor issues than other ages. In addition, the conservatism of the upper classes was evident. On the other hand, in the gender equality policy, antipathy was consistently and clearly evident among men in their twenties, especially poor 20s. The conservatization of men in their 20s began to take shape in early 2018. They have expressed dissatisfaction with gender equality policies. At this time complaints began to appear, especially among the rich 20s that they had missed the opportunity for asset formation due to the government’s wrong policies. Complaints about the government policy of the rich 20s combined with the antipathy of the poor 20s, and it seems to have spread to the ‘Men in their 20s’ phenomenon.

20대 총선에서 나타난 여성 정치의식과 투표참여 그리고 효능감

송경재(Song Kyong Jae) 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2016 아시아여성연구 Vol.55 No.2

이 논문은 한국 여성의 정치의식을 사회적 자본 접근법을 사용하여 투표참여와 효능감을 분석했다. 한국의 여성 정치참여는 아직 낮은 수준이지만 많은 사회과학적 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이 논문은 20대 총선 서베이 데이터를 바탕으로 통계적인 방법을 사용했다. 분석결과, 첫째, 한국의 남성과 여성 사회적 자본은 공동체 이익 우선과 개인 이익 우선의 차이에서 발견된다. 남성들이 개인 이익지향성이 강하다. 둘째, 여성의 정치참여를 결정하는 변인은 규범으로 공동체 이익지향성이 클수록 투표에 적극적이다. 그리고 연령과 학력이 여성 정치참여 변인으로 도출되었다. 셋째, 정치 효능감은 여성들이 남성보다 강한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 이 결과는 다른 측면으로는 사회현안에 대해 일상 시기의 정치적 영향력은 낮다는 반증일 수 있다. 결과를 바탕으로 여성의 참여를 확대하기 위해서는 정당과 정책결정권자 입장에서는 여성들의 특성에 부합하는 여성친화적인 공약이나 정책이슈의 마련이 필요하다. 특히 공동체 이익지향성이 강하다는 여성 유권자의 특징은 여성의 정치사회화와 조직, 동원의 좋은 도구가 될 것이다. This paper analyzed vote participation and efficacy using a social capital approach in Korean women’s political awareness. Participation by Korean women in politics has not significantly improved, but many socio-scientific researches on this topic have been in progress. This paper used a quantitative research method, based on the survey data of the 20th general election. The results of the analysis, first considered Korean men’s and women’s social capital, and discovered a difference between personal profit and community interest, respectively. Men’s political participation was found to have a strong affinity to personal profit, whereas women’s political participation was driven by a norm of reciprocity, and thus, the larger the involvement in community interest, the more aggressive they were in voting. In addition, age and educational background were excluded as influencing women’s political participation. Also, this paper statistically concluded that women were stronger than men in political efficacy. However, this result could corroborate that women’s political influence is highest during the election period, and reduced during normal everyday life, outside of the election period.