한국과 폴란드 간 무역구조의 변화: 산업 간 무역과 산업 내 무역을 중심으로

김승년,이상직 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2019 국제지역연구 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 한국과 폴란드 간 무역구조가 2000년대 들어 최근까지 어떻게 변화되어왔는지를 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 특히 두 나라간 무역형태를 산업 간 무역, 수직적 산업 내 무역, 수평적 산업 내 무역으로 구분하여 무역구조의 변화를 파악하고자 하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 한국과 폴란드 간 무역에 있어 산업 간 무역의 비중이 훨씬 크지만 최근 그 비중이 감소하는 추세이고, 반대로 산업 내 무역의 비중은 아직 크지 않지만 그 비중이 증가하는 추세이다. 산업 내 무역 가운데는 수직적 산업 내 무역이 상대적으로 비중이 크고 증가하고 있으며, 수평적 산업 내 무역의 비중은 매우 작고 변화도 크지 않다. 한국과 폴란드 간 무역에 대한 우리의 분석결과는 한국과 EU와의 무역구조를 분석한 기존의 연구와 유사하지만, EU의 경우에 비해 산업 내 무역의 비중이 상대적으로 작다는 점, 산업 내 무역이 주로 수직적 산업 내 무역에 의해 설명된다는 점에서 차이가 있다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in the trade structure between Korea and Poland in the period 2001-2017. The trade structure is broken into three types such as inter-industry trade, horizontal intra-industry trade and vertical intra-industry trade. Our empirical analysis finds that inter-industry trade is dominant in the Korea-Poland trade during the sample period but its share is decreasing. On the other hand, although the share of intra-industry trade is small but it is increasing in recent years. We also find that there is an increasing trend of vertical intra-industry trade while the volume of horizontal intra-industry trade is very limited. Our results on the trade structure between Korea and Poland are similar to the previous study on the trade between Korea and EU, but this study is different from the previous study in that the portion of intra-industry trade with Poland is smaller than the trade with EU and most of the intra-industry trade with Poland is explained by vertical intra-industry trade.

한국과 터키 간 무역의 구조적 특성 분석: 산업 내 무역의 변화를 중심으로

김승년 ( Kim Seung-nyeon ),박해선 ( Park Haesun ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2021 중동연구 Vol.40 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in trade structure between Korea and Turkey during the period from 1990 to 2020. As the trade between the two countries expanded during the period, in 2020 Turkey became the eighteenth largest export destination and the 39th largest importing partner for Korea. Since the Korea-Turkey FTA went into effect in 2013, economic cooperation between the two countries has been expanding further. We found that the share of inter-industry trade is much larger, but the share of intra-industry trade is increasing recently. In intra-industry trade, the proportion of vertical intra-industry trade is relatively large, but horizontal intra-industry trade is also increasing. The increase in the share of intra-industry trade appears to be related to the Korea-Turkey FTA. The rise of intra-industry trade is an evidence of increasing economic integration through trade, but it is hard to see substantial progress in intra-industry trade between Korea and Turkey in that the intra-industry trade between the two countries is dependent on a small number of products and the relation of intra-industry trade with FDI is very weak.

커넬회귀법을 이용한 산업내무역에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 실증분석

최원익 한국무역연구원 2010 무역연구 Vol.6 No.2

This study investigates the Korea's intra-industry trade with China by using the Korea-China trade data from 1991 to 2008 and analyses empirically the influential factors to Korea's intra-industry trade. The conventional G-L index method is used to estimate Korea's intra-industry trade and, for the analysis of the influential factors to Korea's intra-industry trade, the Kernel regression method instead of OLS regression method is used as a new trial because OLS regression method used to the existing researches can cause many problems. Inter-industry trade was the main phenomenon of the early stage of Korea-China trade but later the portion of intra-industry trade was increased. The portion of vertical intra-industry trade was larger than horizontal intra-industry trade. Intra-industry trade is increased when average market size is bigger; average development stage is higher; and difference of the market sizes of two countries is bigger. Also Korea's intra-industry trade is increased when the difference of factor endowments between two countries is larger.

한국과 베트남 간 무역구조 분석: 산업 내 무역의 비중 변화를 중심으로

김승년,이상직 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2020 東南亞硏究 Vol.29 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in the trade structure between Korea and Vietnam since the year 2000. There are three types of trade structure such as inter-industry trade, horizontal intra-industry trade and vertical intra-industry trade. Our empirical analysis found that inter-industry trade is dominant in the Korea-Vietnam trade. However, the share of intra-industry trade has been expanding since 2010. Especially vertical intra-industry trade has been increasing and horizontal intra-industry trade is also growing in recent years. We found that there is a positive relationship between Korea's foreign direct investment into Vietnam and the growth in intra-industry trade between the two countries. 본 연구는 2000년대 이후 무역규모가 크게 증가한 한국과 베트남간 교역에 있어 그 무역구조가 어떻게 변화되어왔는지를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 한국과 베트남 간 무역에 있어 산업 간 무역의 비중이 여전히 크지만 2010년대에 들어서는 산업 내 무역의 비중도빠르게 증가하고 있다. 산업 내 무역 가운데는 수직적 산업 내 무역이 상대적으로 비중이 크고 늘어나는 추세에 있으며 최근에는 수평적 산업 내 무역의 비중도 다소 증가하고 있다. 한국과 베트남 간산업 내 무역의 확대는 두 나라 간 무역규모의 증가에 중요한 기여를 하는 것으로 보이지만 동남아시아 다른 나라와 비교할 때 이것만으로 설명하기는 어려워 보인다. 2000년대 후반부터 베트남에 대한 한국의 해외직접투자 규모가 급격히 증가했음을 볼 때 베트남의산업 내 무역의 비중 증가는 해외직접투자의 증가와 관련성이 높은것으로 보이며, 이것이 두 나라 간 무역규모의 확대에도 상당한 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 보인다.

Trade Structures of and Trade Relations among China, Japan, and Korea

Taek-Dong Yeo,Young Man Yoon 영남대학교 중국연구센터 2007 중국과 중국학 Vol.5 No.-

The paper analyzes the trade relations among the three countries in Northeast Asia, Korea, China, and Japan, and shows that they are very trade dependent on each other, with important inter-industry and intra-industry trade. Some major features of trade among the countries, such as trade balances and trade in agricultural products, are carefully investigated. Nowadays the three countries in Northeast Asia have been very much trade-dependent on each other. Together they form a huge economic unit. In terms of their stages of economic development, Japan has the most advanced economy, and China has the least developed one. Korea, both in terms of geographical location and economic development, is the middle one. It is therefore important to study the features of the trade among them and investigate the prospect and implication of economic integration. We first note that their export structures are getting similar to each other. Second, as the export structures of three countries are getting similar, their competition in the world market is also getting more intense. Looking at the trade specialization indices (TSI), the export similarity indices ( ESI), and changes in the US market share of these countries from 2000 to 2005, competition in particular between Korea and China and between China and Japan are getting more intensified. Our result points out the pressure Korea and Japan may be getting from China as the latter is growing rapidly and fast catching up. However, our results suggest that Korea and Japan got more than rivalry and competition from China. There is much complementarity between the exports of these countries. That is because the three economies are in different stages of development, and many of their industries, especially manufacturing industries, show much vertical differentiation. Thus our results indicate that they have high degrees of intra-industry trade, and that their intra-regional trade shares have been steadily rising in the past several years. They also have high intra-industry trade (IIT) indices. The IIT among three countries showed high degree with each other.

IS INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN REALITY TWO-WAY TRADE?

Teit Liithj e 사람과세계경영학회 2003 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.8 No.1

With a view toward thoroughly understanding the character of the foreign trade, it is necessary to make a well-defined delimitation between the concepts of intra- and inter-industry trade. The share of intra-industry trade is smaller b a bilateral estimation than by a multilateral estimation. Correspondingly, the share of intra-industry trade is smaller by a regional estimation in relation to a national estimation. Furthermore, there is not any reason to adjust the Grubel and Lloyd index for a trade imbalance. If foreign trade is related to that part of a product category which includes foreign trade in quality varieties between countries with identical factor endowments, the intra-industry trade becomes much more substantial. Therefore, intra-industry trade makes up a far smaller share of total foreign trade than normally assumed, and the Heckscher-Ohlin model is still the essential incentive in the explanation of foreign trade

세계금융위기 이후 일본의 주요 교역 국가별 무역구조 변화: 산업무역박스를 활용한 제조업의 생산 단계별 분석

송준헌 산업연구원 2021 산업연구(JIET) Vol.5 No.2

This paper examined Japan’s changes of trade structure since the global financial crisis, using the industry trade box. In particular, this study focused on the bilateral trade patterns with its major trade partners such as China, the United States, South Korea, the European Union, and the Association of South-East Asian Nations. In this paper, the analysis was carried on a total of 48 sectors classified by the five production stages including primary goods, processed goods, parts and components, capital goods, and consumption goods in 13 manufacturing industries. In order to better understand the changes in bilateral trade patterns since the global financial crisis, this paper examined not only situations of trade balance, but also changes of total trade, inter-industry trade, intra-industry trade, and Grubel-Lloyd index. The results showed that Japan’s bilateral trade patterns changed differently among its trading partners, industries, and production stages, after the economic shocks associated with the global financial crisis in 2008 and the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. However, while the patterns of trade balance have been mostly fixed, a relatively large number of sectors have experienced an increase in the share of intra-industry trade, rather than the progress of inter-industry specialization.

한국과 주요국의 서비스 산업 구조 변화에 관한 실증 연구

황윤진(Yoon-Jin Hwang) 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.6

This study analyses structural changes in the individual service industries of Korea, USA, Japan, and China using trade patterns on the relationship between inter industry and intra industry specializations. This study has fundamental meaning in point of analyzing hypothesis that the relationship between inter industry trade and intra industry trade in each country has reversed U-shaped form at microscopic viewpoint and seeking implications. As a result of empirical analysis about the relationship intra industry and intra industry pattern using ‘Exports and imports by service category in 1980-2013’ data in UNCTAD STAT, each country’s relationship between inter industry and intra industry specializations shows the reverse U-shaped relationships anticipated in advance. This study implies that different approaches are required by trading partners or individual service industries for the growth of such service industries. Moreover, from a view point of open economics, analysis about the function of welfare for intra industry trade should be reviewed or more facilitated in future studies.

한국과 동아시아국가간 무역구조변화와 그 요인에 관한 연구

권택호,주경원 韓國貿易學會 2005 國際學術大會 論文集 Vol.2005 No.12

This paper analyzed changes of trade structure among Korea and East Asia countries and their determinants for the period 1976-1999. Nine East Asia countries were classified into three groups according to their income level : Japan, Newly Industrializing Economies 3 Countries(NIEs 3) and Developing Countries 5 (DC 5). Industries were classified 28 on the basis of OECD's ISIC and reclassfied 2 groups as their technology levels. The empirical results were as follows : First, Korean NEX(Net Export Index) was consistently negative for Japan, but positive for NIEs 3 and DC 5 for the period. Intra-industry trade index was increased for Japan and DC 5. Next, inter-industry trade structure between Korea and Japan was not primarily changed for the period 1976-1999, however, the one between Korea and NIEs 3, Korea and DC 5 basically changed. Third, the comparative disadvantage of inter-industry trade in high technology industries was decreased for Japan, but the comparative advantage in low technology industries for DC 5 was also decreased. Fourth, Inter-industry trade structure between Korea and Japan, Korea and NIEs 3 was similar until early 1990s, but Inter-industry trade structure between Korea and NIEs 3, Korea and DC 5 had a similar tendency for late 1990s. Finally, changes of trade structure among Korea and each East-Asia country were dertermined according to differences in production specilization pattern and trade structure variables. According to this study result, trade competition among Korea and East Asia countries was more seriously developing.

한국과 독일의 무역 경쟁력 분석

장민수 ( Min-soo Chang ) 한독경상학회 2016 經商論叢 Vol.34 No.4

본 논문은 5류에서 8류까지의 SITC 3단위 159개 품목을 16개 산업별로 구분한 후 지난25년간의 무역통계를 바탕으로 한국과 독일 간의 산업간 무역과 산업내 무역의 변화를 살펴보고 이를 토대로 무역 경쟁력 변화를 분석하였다. 산업간 무역을 분석하는 지표로 무역특화지수를 사용하였으며, 산업내 무역을 분석하는 지표로는 Grubel-Lloyd 지수를 사용하였다. 또한 산업내 무역은 수직적 산업내 무역과 수평적 산업내 무역으로 구분하고 수직적 산업내 무역은 고품질 수직적 산업내 무역과 저품질 산업내 무역으로 구분하여 각각의 지수를 측정한 후 대독일 무역 경쟁력을 분석하였다. 한국과 독일의 무역특화지수를 측정한 결과 2010년까지는 등락을 반복하였지만 정체상태였으나, 2011년부터는 대독일 무역 경쟁력이 급격히 하락하고 있다. 그 원인은 무역비중이 큰 정보통신산업의 경쟁력이 하락하였기 때문이다. 대독일 산업내 무역을 분석한 결과 장기적으로 보면 산업내 무역이 심화되고 있는 추세이다. 1991년 0.18이던 산업내 무역지수는 2015년 0.38로 꾸준히 상승하였다. 산업내 무역 지수가 가장 높은 산업은 자동차산업이고 그 다음으로 정보통신 및 전자기기산업이었다. 그러나 교역조건을 감안한 정성적 산업내 무역을 살펴보니 수평적 산업내 무역은 약간 상승하였으나 수직적 산업내 무역은 장기적으로 볼 때 정체 상태였다. 이는 고품질 산업내 무역 비중이 증가하지 않았다는 뜻으로 대독일 무역은 양적인 측면에서는 동종 상품의 무역이 증가하지만 질적인 면에서는 경쟁력 변화가 없음을 뜻한다. 산업간, 산업내 무역을 종합하면 대독일 무역 경쟁력은 미국 금융위기 이후 잠시 강화되는듯하였으나 2011년 이후 정량적, 정성적 양측면에서 경쟁력이 약화된 것으로 보인다. This paper tried to analyze the change of trade competitiveness in trade with the Germany, using the Trade Specification Index (TSI) and Intra-industry Trade (IIT) Index measured to the 159 industries of 3 digit by Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) in korean industry during 1991 and 2015. TSI is strongly related to the Industrial Trade Index and has been a trade competitiveness traditionally. IIT are divided into the Vertical Trade and Horizontal Trade. Vertical IIT is divided into the High Quality Vertical Trade and Low Quality Vertical Trade. The High Quality Vertical Trade Index and Low Quality Vertical Trade Index measured to the 159 Items of 3 digit by SITC in trade between Korea and Germany The TSI in the above mentioned industry in trade with the Germany has not only fluctuated but also stagnated until 2010 and then has decreased rapidly after 2011. The cause of falling competitiveness is the decline of competitive of the information and communication and electronic equipment (ICT) Industry. The index of korean intra-industry trade with Germany is Increasing In the long run. 0.18 of IIT index in 1991 is increased to 0.38 in 2015. The automotive industry show the highest index of IIT and next the ICT industry. The index of horizontal IIT has increased a little but the vertical IIT not only fluctuated but also stagnated during 1991 to 2015. This result implies that the IIT between Korea and Germany is intensified in quantitative aspects but there is no change in the competitiveness to Germany in qualitative aspects. The trade competitiveness to Germany is strengthened since 2008 of financial crisis but has weakened since the beginning of 2011 in quantitative and qualitative aspects.