잠재평균분석을 활용한 태권도 선수의 2×2성취목표성향 차이 분석

염대관 ( Daekwan Yeom ),김창호 ( Changho Kim ),김우진 ( Woojin Kim ) 대한무도학회 2015 대한무도학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 중·고등학교 및 대학교 태권도 겨루기 선수를 중심으로 성별에 따른 2×2성취목표성향 차이를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 중고교, 대학교 태권도 선수 187명을 표집 하였으며 잠재평균 분석을 실시하였다. 잠재평균분석을 적용하기 전에 수렴타당도와 판별타당도 그리고 교차 타당성 검증을 실시하였다. 수렴타당도 및 판별타당도는 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 적용하였으며 교차타당성 검증을 위해 다중집단 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 구체적으로 그 내용을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 구성타당도를 살펴본 결과 선행연구와 동일하게 4요인 모형이 채택되었으며 적합도(RMSEA)가 그 기준을 만족하였다. 수렴타당도 및 판별타당도를 확인하기 위하여 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 또한 표준화 계수, 평균분산추출값, 개념신뢰도를 확인한 결과 그 기준을 만족하였으며 판별타당도 검증 결과에서도 평균분산추출값이 상관계수의 제곱값보다 큰 것으로 나타나 모든 기준을 만족하였다. 잠재평균분석 전 교차타당성 검증을 위해 형태동일성, 측정동일성, 절편동일성 및 요인분산동일성을 검증하였다. 이를 위해 각 모형의 적합도를 확인하였으며 모형간 적합도 차이를 분석하였다. 마지막으로 잠재평균분석 결과 수행회피는 여성이 남성에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으며 수행접근은 여성에 비해 남성이 높은 것으로 숙달회피는 여성에 비해 남성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의하게 분석되었다. 숙달접근 역시 여성에 비해남성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of 2x2 achievement goal orientation along the sex focusing on Taekwondo competition athletes of middle school, high school and university. 187 middle school, high school and university Taekwondo athletes were collected as the sample for that and potential average analysis was carried out. convergence validity, discriminant validity and cross-validation were verified before applying potential average analysis. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to convergence validity and discriminant validity and confirmatory factor analysis of multiple group was carried out to verify cross-validation. Looking into the contents in detail, the results are as following. As the results of looking into construct validity through exploratory factor analysis, 4-factors model was selected as the same as the advanced research and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation(RMSEA) satisfied the standard. The confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to check convergence validity and discriminant validity. And as the results of checking standardization coefficient, average variance extract value and construct reliability, the standard was satisfied and it satisfied all standards as it appeared that average variance extract was larger than the square value of coefficient of correlation the results of verifying discriminant validity as well. In order to verify cross-validation before potential average analysis, configural invariance, measurement invariance, specimen invariance and factor variance invariance were verified. The fitness of each model was checked for that and the difference of fitness among the models was analyzed. Lastly, as the result of potential average analysis, it appeared that female showed the higher value than male regarding performance-avoidance, male showed the higher value than female regarding performance-access, female showed the higher value regarding proficiency-avoidance and it was analyzed as significantly meaningful. Male showed the higher value than female regarding proficiency-avoidance as well, however, it was not significantly meaningful.

Average Analysis Method in Selecting Haralick’s Texture Features on Color Co-occurrence Matrix for Texture Based Image Retrieval

Abd Rasid Mamat,Mohd Khalid Awang,Norkhairani Abdul Rawi,Mohd. Isa Awang,Mohd Fadzil Abdul Kadir 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.2

Many textures based image retrieval researchers use global texture features for representing and retrieval of images from an image database. However, this leads to misrepresentation of local information leading to the inefficient image retrieval performance. This paper presents an approach to overcome the problem. The approach focuses on extracting local Haralick’s texture feature based on a predetermined region using the color co-occurrence matrix method, the selection of the ‘significant’ Haralik’s texture features and evaluation of the performance of the combination of the ‘significant’ features. The proposed method which is an Average Analysis and a well known method, Principal Component Analysis were applied to obtain ‘significant’ features. In order to compare the performance, a series of experiments were carried out for both methods, which is the proposed Average Analysis and the Principal Component Analysis. Experiments were performed on a 1000 selected images from the Coral image database which were divided into ten categories. Based on the experimental results, it is interesting to note that for the combination ‘significant’ features obtained from the proposed Average Analysis showed better retrieval performance compared to the Principal Component Analysis for almost all categories. This finding has an important implication in deciding the correct combination of ‘significant’ features for certain image properties. It has shown that the proposed method is able to produce less computational processing time due to a reduced amount of processing involved. The result is also compared to the previous researches and has shown an increase of an average precision from 8.5% to 26%.

대응분석에서 상호평균법 활용에 대한 소고

김대학,정형철 한국자료분석학회 2013 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.15 No.6

Correspondence analysis is a statistical technique which project the rows and columns of contingency tables into lower dimension. It is conceptually similar to principal component analysis and widely applicable method to many areas. Benzecri (1973) considered correspondence analysis as an weighted principal component analysis. Hayashi considered correspondence analysis as a canonical correlation analysis. Both methods depend on the singular value decomposition and lead the same solution. On the while, reciprocal averaging method uses reconstitution formula based on numerical analysis and gives different solution from correspondence analysis or quantification method. In this paper, we introduce correspondence analysis, quantification and reciprocal averaging, respectively and investigate the properties of reciprocal averaging method. Scale change is also considered for the application of reciprocal averaging based on the result of correspondence analysis or quantification method. This is meaningful in the sense of re-quantification of result of correspondence analysis. 대응분석은 범주형자료의 행과 열을 낮은 차원에 사영하는 방법으로 활용성이 높은 통계적 방법이다. 저차원 공간 사영에 대해, Benzecri(1973)의 대응분석은 가중주성분분석으로, 수량화 3법은 정준상관분석으로 접근한다. 그런데 두 방법 모두 특이치 분해에 의존하며 동일한 해를 유도하는 특징을 지닌다. 반면, 상호평균법(reciprocal averaging)은 재형성 공식을 활용하는 수치해석 방법으로 대응분석의 해와 차이가 있다. 본 논문에서는 대응분석, 수량화 3법, 상호평균법 등의 방법론을 간략히 소개하고, 그 특징을 살펴보았다. 또한, 대응분석의 결과를 0~100 점 규모로 변경하기 위해, 대응분석이나 수량화 3의 결과를 초기값으로 사용하여, 상호평균법 알고리즘을 구동할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 이는 대응분석 결과를 재수량화 한다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

기업분할이 주가에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김상우,남명수 한국기업경영학회 2013 기업경영연구 Vol.20 No.5

The corporate divestiture, as a special type of corporate restructuring, which is allowed under commercial law, is economically important in that companies separate business sectors with high performance from those with low performance in order to enhance the firm value. In addition, in the case of the corporate divestiture, market participants have a chance to increase the stock price, which also plays a role to raise the market value of the firm. This study analyzes the cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) of 265 firms that have implemented the corporate divestiture for 10 years, from 2001 to 2010, and investigates the effect of split-off disclosure on stock price using regression analysis. In the event study during 20 days before and after the corporate divestiture, it was revealed that the cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) was the highest on the day of the event and then it decreased. While, in the short term, the market looked efficient and the disclosure of the split-off appeared to be accepted positively into the market, the effect varied according to each of groups. In the groups of the exchange market and physical spilt-off, the abnormal return stayed the same. On the other hand, in the groups of KOSDAQ and spin-off, the abnormal return almost vanished during the event study period. Although long-term cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) was calculated for the long-term effects of the disclosure of the corporate divestiture, it was found as the negative (-) cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) in the long-term It is considered that the market participants accept the long-term effect of corporate divestiture in the negative. According to the result of long-term effect of the divestiture, excluding the period including global financial crisis, the long-term cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) about the corporate divestiture showed the difference before and after the global financial crisis. Before the global financial crisis, long-term cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) was mostly positive (+) valued, but after the global financial crisis, it was found as negative (-) valued. During those periods, it is likely that the investors accept the effect of the corporate divestiture in different ways. In accordance with the result of regression analysis to assess the cause of cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) at the day of the stock split, the more current net income and dividend they had, the more market response for the stock split they got. In case of the period between 2001 and 2005, that did not experience the global financial crisis, cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) was affected by the types of the divestiture or market, but when the period of global financial crisis were included, it was not affected. In order to verify the possibility of interaction between control variables and dummy variables for divestiture and market types, we did execute the switching regression analysis and find that during the whole period, the interaction effect of variables-PD (propensity to dividend)×market type - were meaningful. The interaction effect was bigger when the market was KOSDAQ. In the sample period before the global financial crisis, even though the size of firms is almost same, the stock spilt affected more on the cumulative average abnormal return (CAR) in case of exchange markets and spin-off. 기업분할은 상법에서 인정되는 매우 특수한 형태로서 기업은 기업분할을 통해 성과가 뛰어난 사업군과 성과가 좋지 못한 사업군을 분리하여 기업의 발전을 도모하는 등 기업분할의 경제적 가치는 매우 크다. 또한 기업분할이 실행되면 시장 참여자들은 기업을 재평가하는 계기가 되고 이는 기업의 시장가치를 끌어올리는 역할을 수행하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 2001년부터 2010년까지 10년 동안 기업분할을 공시하고 실시한 265개 기업들을 대상으로 누적평균초과수익률을 분석하고 회귀분석을 통해 분할공시가 주가에 미치는 영향과 원인을 분석하였다. 검증결과를 살펴보면, 사건발생 전후 20일을 기준으로 한 사건연구에서 모든 집단의 누적평균초과수익률(CAR)이 사건발생 당일 최고치를 기록하고 이후 하락하였으며, 그 효과는 각 집단별로 다르게 나타나는데, 거래소와 물적분할 집단의 경우 누적평균초과수익률(CAR)이 그대로 유지가 되는 것으로 나타났으나 코스닥과 인적분할 집단의 경우는 누적평균초과수익률(CAR)이 사건연구기간 동안에 거의 소멸 되었다. 기업분할공시의 장기적 효과를 보면 장기적으로 부(-)의 장기누적평균초과수익률(CAR)이 나타나는 것을 확인했다. 금융위기가 포함된 기간의 영향을 배제하고 살펴본 결과는 금융위기 전 기간에 장기누적평균 초과수익률(CAR)은 대체로 정(+)의 값을 가지는 것으로 나타났으나 금융위기 후 기간에서는 장기누적평균초과 수익률(CAR)은 부(-)의 값을 나타냈다. 이는 기업분할공시의 공시효과는 장기적으로 소멸되는 것을 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 사건일 누적평균초과수익률(CAR)의 발생 원인을 분석하기 위한 회귀분석결과는 배당이 적고, 당기 순이익이 높은 기업일수록 기업분할공시에 대한 시장반응이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이를 연도별로 나누어 보면 금융위기가 포함되지 않은 2001년부터 2005년까지는 분할 유형별로 혹은 기업이 속해 있는 시장 유형별로 누적평균초과수익률(CAR)이 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으나 금융위기 기간이 포함된 결과에서는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 회귀분석에서 유의한 결과를 낸 변수들과 더미변수와의 상호작용 가능성을 검증하기 위해 교차회귀분석을 실시한 결과 전체 샘플에서는 동일한 배당성향을 가진 기업이더라도 시장이 코스닥일수록 누적평균초과수익률(CAR)에 미치는 영향이 커지는 것으로 나타났으며, 금융위기 이전의 샘플에서는 동일한 기업자산을 보유하더라도 기업이 거래소 시장에 속한 것일수록, 인적분할 형태의 기업분할일수록 누적평균초과 수익률(CAR)에 미치는 영향이 컸다.

PGA 선수의 경기능력이 평균타수에 미치는 영향력

김세형,이준우,이미숙 한국데이터정보과학회 2012 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This study is for effectiveness of golf skills to average score using path analysis in Professional golf association. The variables in this study were that seven independent variable were driving accuracy, green in regulation, driving distance, sand save ratio, scrambling, putting average, and two endogenous variables were birdie average, bogey average, and dependent variable was the scoring average. To analyze these variables, path analysis was used through AMOS 18.0 program and Alpha level sets at.05. As the result, the final model had significant goodness-of-fit (GFI=.989, RMSEA=.044,TLI=.991, CFI=.998) and showed that green in regulation, driving distance, sand save ratio, scrambling, and putting average significantly affected average score directly. Especially, the scrambling was the highest affectation to average score and the sand save ratio was the lowest affectation to the average score. 이 연구는 미국남자프로골프협회 (PGA)가 제공하는 경기기록을 통해 경기능력이 평균타수에 미치는 영향을 경로분석에 의해 규명하였다. 즉 PGA 선수의 경기능력을 나타내는 6개의 변인 (드라이브 정확도, 드라이버 거리, 그린 적중률, 샌드세이브, 스크램블링율, 평균퍼팅수)이 평균타수에 미치는 영향을 (1) 드라이버 정확도, 드라이버 거리, 그린적중률이 버디평균과 평균타수에 주는 영향과 (2) 샌드세이브, 스크램블링, 평균퍼팅수이 보기평균과 평균타수에 미치는 영향으로 가정하여 분석하였다. 이러한 목적에 따른 연구결과는 첫째, 드라이브 정확도가 버디평균에 미치지 못하였으며 그린적중률과 드라이브 거리가 직접적으로 평균타수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 샌드세이브율, 스크램블링율, 평균퍼팅이 보기평균에 유의한 영향을 미치며 평균퍼팅이 평균타수에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 그린적중률, 드라이브거리, 샌드세이브율, 스크램블링율이 평균타수에 영향을 미치면서 상대적으로 스크램블링율이 가장 높게, 샌드세이브율이 가장 낮게 나타났다.

가치투자전략과 이동평균법의 결합효과

장경천,김연권,김현석 대한경영정보학회 2008 경영과 정보연구 Vol.27 No.-

In this paper we analyse performance of value strategy and moving average method among the non-financial listed companies whose fiscal year ends at December in the Korean Stock Exchange between 1996 and 2005. And we analyse combination investment performance of value investment and moving average method. After the analysis objective enterprises divide with the value stock and the growth stock, in accordance with moving average method we divide ascending stock and descending stock. And we compose 6 portfolios with combination of value stock, growth stock, ascending stock and descending stock. Using the difference of investment performance of these portfolios, when fundamental analysis and technical analysis method all considering we measure investment performance. The major findings of this research are as follows: First, the value strategy of buying value stocks and selling growth stocks were effective in the long-term investment. Second, using the moving average method, technical analysis were effective in the case of the short-term investment. Third, the portfolios combined fundamental analysis and technical analysis were more effective than investment performance of technical analysis.

<무한도전>에서의 ‘평균’ 남성상의 담화적 구축

김기태(Kim, Ki-tae) 담화·인지언어학회 2017 담화와 인지 Vol.24 No.2

The present study investigates the discursive construction, consumption, reproduction, and perpetuation of the notion of ‘average’ on the popular weekly show Mwuhantocen ‘Infinite Challenge,’ which officially claims that the characters are “below average.” To do so, it examines the dialogues and on-screen messages in the 58 episodes from the initial and mid period and names the repeatedly dominant discourses from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings demonstrate that the normalizing practices of the ‘average’ discourse are performed both at the physical and social levels. At the physical levels, the show constructs the ‘average’ height, weight, physique and facial ratios, hair, and strength, and at the social levels, the ‘average’ marital and childbirth status, age-appropriateness, and intellect and intelligence. Despite the claim that the characters are “below average,” which parodies the hegemonic masculinities, the show paradoxically ends up constructing the ‘average’ among Korean men in their 30’s and 40’s, and consuming, practicing, disseminating, and perpetuating the dominant discourse. In so doing, the study highlights the selectional hierarchizing of ‘average’ and the relative silence on some social ‘averages’ unlike the previous research that regards the show as a resistive parody against the hegemonic male discourse. Some implications are also discussed.

잠재평균분석에 의한 청소년 골프선수의 경쟁상태불안 차이 검증

김창현(Kim, Chang-Hyun) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference verification in competition anxiety of youth golf players by latent mean analysis : comparison of scoring average. The subjects of this study were collected 541 of youth golf players who are listed on the Korean Sports Council. The survey questionnaires were used to collect the data. The collected material was carried out by using Spss and Amos 21.0 version. The questionnaires for the competition anxiety had been developed by Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith(1990), Yang(2009), Oh(2006), and Jo(2006), From the analyses of the data, the study reached the following conclusions : HypothesisⅠ has been established, The degree of construct equivalence in the competition anxiety was established sequentially and the same applies to group according to the scoring average. HypothesisⅡ has been established, The average difference in sub-factors of competition anxiety for scoring average was partly identified.

A new method of spectral analysis -- synchronous cycle-ratio spectral analysis

Junqing Fu,Yimin Shao 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

A synchronous cycle-ratio analysis is presented in the paper. The new method considers 2π as a basic cycle, which embodies the characteristics of 2π cycle in rotating machinery. The new method overcame the shortcomings of order analysis. An experiment verified that the new method is very effective, which can excellently filter random noise by statistically synchronous averaging of samples, and the cycle-ratio leakage can be eliminated perfectly. The peak values of synchronous cycle-ratio spectrum is not only clear without noise and leakage, but can be used to identify therelated physical parameters, which will be very useful for trouble shooting of rotating machinery.

IETD결정방법을 통한 도심지역의 무강우시간 추정

이진우(Lee, Jinwoo),정건희(Chung, Gunhui) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.4

수공구조물 설계의 첫 번째 단계는 유출해석을 위한 설계 강우량을 결정하는 것일 것이다. 정확한 설계 강우량 산정을 위해 신뢰도 높은 자료의 확보, 정확한 빈도해석 절차 준수 등이 수반되어야 한다. 도시화율이 높은 도시유역의 유출 해석을 위해서 일반적으로 시 강우자료를 사용하며, 연속적으로 측정된 시 강우자료를 강우사상간 시간정의(무강우시간, Interevent Time Definition, IETD)를 이용하여 강우사상으로 분리하여야 한다. 현재까지 많은 연구들이 무강우시간을 결정하는 방법에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 IETD의 결정방법 중 자기상관분석, 변동계수분석, 연평균 강우발생개수분석을 이용하여 서울, 수원, 부산 지점의 40개년 시 강우자료를 이용하여 각 결정방법에 따른 무강우시간을 산정한다. 연속된 강우자료로부터 우기(5월~10월)시 강우자료를 사용하여 IETD결정방법에 따른 강우사상을 분리한 후, 각 지점 별 시 강우자료의 무강우시간에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. The first step in the design of hydraulic structures is to determine the design storm for runoff analysis. Accurate design storm estimations should be accompanied by reliable data collection and accurate frequency analysis procedures. In order to analyze the runoff of the urbanized watershed with high urbanization rate, the rainfall data are generally used and the continuous rainfall data should be separated into rainfall events using Inter-Event Time Definition (IETD). So far. many studies have been conducted to determine the estimation of inter-event time. This study uses rainfall data of 40 years from Seoul, Suwon and Busan branches using autocorrelation analysis, coefficient of variation analysis and annual average rainfall count analysis to calculate rainfall time according to each decision method. From the continuous rainfall data, rainfall data were used in the rainy season (May to October), and rainfall events were classified according to the IETD decision method.