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실시간 영상 부호화를 위한 H.264/AVC의 비트율 제어 하드웨어 설계
김창호,류광기,Kim, Changho,Ryoo, Kwangki 대한전자공학회 2012 전자공학회논문지 Vol.50 No.8
In this paper, the hardware design of rate control for real-time video encoded is proposed. In the proposed method, a quadratic rate distortion model with high-computational complexity is not used when quantization parameter values are being decided. Instead, for low-computational complexity, average complexity weight values of frames are used to calculate QP. For high speed and low computational prediction, the MAD is predicted based on the coded basic unit, using spacial and temporal correlation in sequences. The rate control is designed with the hardware for fast QP decision. In the proposed method, a quadratic rate distortion model with high-computational complexity is not used when quantization parameter values are being decided. Instead, for low-computational complexity, average complexity weight values of frames are used to calculate QP. In addition, the rate control is designed with the hardware for fast QP decision. The execution cycle and gate count of the proposed architecture were reduced about 65% and 85% respectively compared with those of previous architecture. The proposed RC was implemented using Verilog HDL and synthesized with UMC $0.18{\mu}m$ standard cell library. The synthesis result shows that the gate count of the architecture is about 19.1k with 108MHz clock frequency. 본 논문에서는 실시간 동영상 부호화를 위한 효과적인 비트율 제어 방법을 제안하고 하드웨어로 구현한다. 제안하는 비트율 제어는 각 기본유닛 마다 R-D 파라미터 갱신에 의해 많은 연산 처리를 필요로 하는 이차원 R-D 모델을 사용하지 않고, 프레임의 평균 복잡도 가중치를 이용한 Qstep 결정 모델을 사용함으로써 연산량을 감소시킨다. 또한 적은 연산량과 빠른 MAD 예측을 위해 부호화된 기본유닛을 기반으로 영상의 공간적 및 시간적 상관관계를 이용하여 MAD를 예측한다. 제안하는 비트율 제어는 프레임 레벨 MAD 예측과 매크로블록 레벨 MAD 예측, GOP 비트 할당, 프레임 비트 할당, 가상버퍼, Qstep 결정 모델, 비트율 제어 파라미터 갱신, QP 결정 모듈을 포함하며 총 8개의 모듈로 구성된다. 비트율 제어 하드웨어는 Verilog-HDL을 이용하여 설계하였으며, Synopsys사의 Design Compiler를 이용하여 UMC 공정 $0.18{\mu}m$ 셀 라이브러리로 합성한 결과, 최대 동작 주파수는 108 MHz이고, 게이트 수는 19.1k이다. 실험 결과로부터 제안한 구조는 기존 구조 보다 게이트 수가 85% 감소하였고, 매크로블럭 당 QP를 결정하는데 평균 220 사이클 수가 소요되어 기존 구조보다 64% 단축됨을 확인하였다.
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김창호(Changho Kim) 한국셰익스피어학회 2011 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.47 No.4
There’s no place where birds cannot fly in heaven and earth. So we want to fly like birds or have dreams to transgress the bounds of human beings. And the song of the bird becomes the song of hope. The same song of a bird may sound sad or happy because birds can vary their song by taking in air from two directions rather than one. Shakespeare made use of his observation of these birds in his literature combining his knowledge with everyday life of his contemporary England. Shakespeare’s birds are enlivening the woods and fields and they make themselves one link in the food chain. This circle of food seems to run like a wheel of violence while Nature keeps this scheme peacefully. In this respect Shakespeare shows the world of birds as an epitome of human life. So Shakespeare’s drama is based on the material world of everyday life where men and birds coexist. Shakespeare describes nature from his own observation with kindly spirit, which makes his metaphors of birds appropriate. Modern technology manufactures the material world into a virtual fantasy. This tendency toward virtualization makes men prisoners in the cage of science. In a sense we are leading as wretched a life as a caged bird. Now we seem to be unable to communicate with each other. When the caged bird flies high to the sky, the voice of the bird will be a universal song uniting us in harmony.
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그래핀 채널 내 블러프 바디에 따른 포논 와류 거동 연구
김창호(Changho Kim),설재훈(Jae Hun Seol) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11
We study phonon vortex dynamics with bluff bodies in graphene channels by solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation under Callaway’s dual relaxation model and measurements with suspended micro-devices. In order to accurate calculations, the phonon scattering rates in graphene are obtained from the ab initio calculations. The phonon vortex can be observed in a hydrodynamic phonon transport regime, where phonon transports like a viscous fluid. Such phonon vortex strongly depends on the temperature, size, isotope as well as shape of bluff bodies. Here, we introduce rectangular, circular, and crescent shapes of bluff bodies to make a difference in generated phonon vortex and analyze the contribution of the vortex to phonon transport by comparing each other. This work provides a physical understanding of phonon vortex with respect to the shape of bluff bodies.
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실시간 영상 부호화를 위한 H.264/AVC의 비트율 제어 하드웨어 설계
김창호(Changho Kim),류광기(Kwangki Ryoo) 대한전자공학회 2012 전자공학회논문지 Vol.49 No.12
본 논문에서는 실시간 동영상 부호화를 위한 효과적인 비트율 제어 방법을 제안하고 하드웨어로 구현한다. 제안하는 비트율 제어는 각 기본유닛 마다 R-D 파라미터 갱신에 의해 많은 연산 처리를 필요로 하는 이차원 R-D 모델을 사용하지 않고, 프레임의 평균 복잡도 가중치를 이용한 Qstep 결정 모델을 사용함으로써 연산량을 감소시킨다. 또한 적은 연산량과 빠른 MAD 예측을 위해 부호화된 기본유닛을 기반으로 영상의 공간적 및 시간적 상관관계를 이용하여 MAD를 예측한다. 제안하는 비트율 제어는 프레임 레벨 MAD 예측과 매크로블록 레벨 MAD 예측, GOP 비트 할당, 프레임 비트 할당, 가상버퍼, Qstep 결정 모델, 비트율 제어 파라미터 갱신, QP 결정 모듈을 포함하며 총 8개의 모듈로 구성된다. 비트율 제어 하드웨어는 Verilog-HDL을 이용하여 설계하였으며, Synopsys사의 Design Compiler를 이용하여 UMC 공정 0.18 ㎛ 셀 라이브러리로 합성한 결과, 최대 동작 주파수는 108 MHz이고, 게이트 수는 19.1k이다. 실험 결과로부터 제안한 구조는 기존 구조 보다 게이트 수가 85% 감소하였고, 매크로블럭 당 QP를 결정하는데 평균 220 사이클 수가 소요되어 기존 구조보다 64% 단축됨을 확인하였다. In this paper, the hardware design of rate control for real-time video encoded is proposed. In the proposed method, a quadratic rate distortion model with high-computational complexity is not used when quantization parameter values are being decided. Instead, for low-computational complexity, average complexity weight values of frames are used to calculate QP. For high speed and low computational prediction, the MAD is predicted based on the coded basic unit, using spacial and temporal correlation in sequences. The rate control is designed with the hardware for fast QP decision. In the proposed method, a quadratic rate distortion model with high-computational complexity is not used when quantization parameter values are being decided. Instead, for low-computational complexity, average complexity weight values of frames are used to calculate QP. In addition, the rate control is designed with the hardware for fast QP decision. The execution cycle and gate count of the proposed architecture were reduced about 65% and 85% respectively compared with those of previous architecture. The proposed RC was implemented using Verilog HDL and synthesized with UMC 0.18㎛ standard cell library. The synthesis result shows that the gate count of the architecture is about 19.1k with 108MHz clock frequency.
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딕토쉐도잉(Dictoshadowing)을 통한 대학교 영어교육의 효율적인 방안
김창호 ( Kim Changho ) 대한영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학연구 Vol.41 No.1
This study aims to investigate the effective English teaching and learning through dictoshadowing framework in university English classes. Dictoshadowing means somewhat revised shadowing plus dictogloss. After making a new framework of dictoshadowing and proposing some examples of teaching-learning procedures of that method, we had experimental classes with 68 university students. The students participating in this study were divided into two groups, that is, a control group which performed dictogloss and an experimental group which received dictoshadowing instruction. After 12 week classes, it revealed that the experimental group showed a significant increase in listening, speaking, writing and reading as well as in the affective domains. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that dictoshadowing should be used in the study of reading as well as listening, speaking, writing positively in university English classes. (Wonkwang University)
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그래핀 채널 내 블러프 바디에 따른 포논 와류 거동 연구
김창호(Changho Kim),설재훈(Jae Hun Seol) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11
We study phonon vortex dynamics with bluff bodies in graphene channels by solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation under Callaway’s dual relaxation model and measurements with suspended micro-devices. In order to accurate calculations, the phonon scattering rates in graphene are obtained from the ab initio calculations. The phonon vortex can be observed in a hydrodynamic phonon transport regime, where phonon transports like a viscous fluid. Such phonon vortex strongly depends on the temperature, size, isotope as well as shape of bluff bodies. Here, we introduce rectangular, circular, and crescent shapes of bluff bodies to make a difference in generated phonon vortex and analyze the contribution of the vortex to phonon transport by comparing each other. This work provides a physical understanding of phonon vortex with respect to the shape of bluff bodies.
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김창호(ChangHo Kim) 한국조직경영개발학회 2008 조직경영개발연구 Vol.1 No.1
The purpose of this article is to develop a leadership practice model of Cheongam, Park Tae- Joon, founder ofPOSCO. I analyzed various management philosophies and their 135 related cases of Cheongam while he had been top management of POSCO from 1968 to 1992. Using the leadership development framework of trait-behavior performance , I found that Cheongam’s leadership could be named specifically as +a leadership practice model and that his +a leadership had been one of the most key factors of POSCO’s success history. The +a leadership model is composed of nine principles of leadership practices and three-stage change management process of mind-behavior-culture. These are, in turn, closely related with three founding philosophies of POSCO, accountability, cooper없ion and challenge. I examined not only the effectiveness of +a leadership practice model but also the possibility of applying it to those companies of the 21 51 century global age, which gave me a sσong positive confmnation. Also I suggested, if not in full, +a leadership development program as an initial application example of the Cheongam’s +a leadership practice model. 본 논문은 포스코의 창업자, 청암 박태준의 독특한 리더십 모델이 무엇이며, 어떤 논리 구조를 가지고 있는가에 대한 연구이다. 재임기간 동안 언급한 많은 경영 메시지(회의,연설,기고,교육,인터뷰 등)와 1357n 의 관련 사례를 리더섭의 개념과 범주의 틀(특성→ 행동→성과)속에 넣어 통합적인 방법으로 조사, 분석한 결과, 청암 박태준은 독특한 플러스 알파(사명감) 리더십 모델을 가지고 있었으며, 이것이 포스코 성장 역사의 핵심요소로 작용했음을 검증하였다. 그리고, 9 개의 플러스 알파 리더십 실천원칙과 3 단계 변화관리 프로세스(마음→행동→문화) 규칙을 유지하고 있으며, 이는 애국적 사명감에 기초한 3 대 창업정신(책임, 협동, 도전)과 매우 정확하게 연계되어 작동하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 플러스 알파 리더십모델의 효과성을 검증한 결과, 오늘날의 글로벌 기업들에게도 유효할 것이며, 그 실천원칙들은 앞으로도 적용 가능할 것으로 확신할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 연구 결과가 주는 시사점을 실천적 측면에서 플러스 알파 리더십 모델의 활용방안도 제시하였다.
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