Penicillium sp. ZD-Z1 Chitosanase Immobilized on DEAE Cellulose by Cross-linking Reaction

Zheng, Lian-Ying,Xiao, Yu-Liang 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.1

Chitosanase obtained from Penicillium sp.ZD-Z1 was immobilized on DEAE cellulose with glutaraldehyde by cross-linking reaction. The optimal conditions of immobilization were as follows: 0.1g DEAE cellulose was treated with 5㎖ 5% glutaraldehyde solution; then 2.3㎎ chitosanase was immobilized on the carrier. The optimal temperature and pH was 60℃ and 4.0, and the K_(m) value was 18.87g/L. Under optimal conditions, the activity of immobilized enzyme is 1.5U/g, and the recovery of enzyme activity is 81.3%. After immobilization, the optimal temperature and K_(m) value increased (from 50℃ to 60℃, from 2.49g/L to 18.87g/L), whereas the optimal pH was reduced (from 5.0 to 4.0). The enzyme activity loss was less than 20% after 10 times batch reaction; the immobilized enzyme showed good operation stability.

Identification and Characterization of Gonatobotryum apiculatum Causing Leaf Spot and Blight on Sinowilsonia henryi

( Ying Gao ),( Hai Feng Liu ),( Zheng Xing Song ),( Xiao Ying Du ),( Jian Xin Deng ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.1

Sinowilsonia henryi is a rare and endangered plant, as well as an endemic species in China. In July 2018, leaf spot and blight disease was observed on S. henryi in Yichang, Hubei, China. A fungus isolated from disease tissues was identified as Gonatobotryum apiculatum based on morphology and sequence analyses of ITS and LSU regions. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the species belongs to Dothioraceae (Dothideales). Morphologically, the species produced two distinct types of conidia from authentic media, both conidia were described here. Pathogenicity tests showed that the fungus is a pathogen causing leaf spots on S. henryi. This is the first report of leaf spot and blight disease on S. henryi caused by G. apiculatum in China.

Expression pattern of meiosis associated SYCP family members during germline development in chickens.

Zheng, Ying Hui,Rengaraj, Deivendran,Choi, Jin Won,Park, Kyung Je,Lee, Sang In,Han, Jae Yong BioScientifica 2009 Reproduction Vol.138 No.3

<P>Synaptonemal complexes (SCs) are associated with synapsis of homologous chromosomes, chiasmata distribution, recombination and segregation of chromosomes during the extended prophase of meiosis I. Three isoforms of SC proteins, SYCP1, SYCP2 and SYCP3, were identified as the structural proteins of SCs, and may be involved in the assembly and disassembly of SCs. The aim of this present study is to determine the pattern of expression of chicken homologues of SYCP family members during ovarian and testicular development. Protein sequence analysis using CLUSTAL X revealed that the sequences and potential phosphorylation sites of chicken SYCP family proteins were highly conserved with mammalian homologues of SYCP family proteins. Quantitative real-time-PCR and in situ hybridisation analysis revealed that chicken SYCP family members were differentially expressed during ovarian and testicular development. During ovarian development, all chicken SYCP family members were detected in primordial germ cells (PGCs) until embryonic day (E) 8.0; the expression continued in proliferating pre-meiotic oogonia until E15.5 and was upregulated in meiotic prophase I oocytes until hatching. After hatching, all chicken SYCP family members were detected at a low level until 24-weeks-old. During testicular development, all chicken SYCP family members were detected in PGCs until E13.0; the expression continued in pro-spermatogonia and proliferating spermatogonia for up to 8 weeks, and was upregulated in meiotic prophase I spermatocytes in adults. Our data demonstrate the expression pattern of meiosis associated SYCP family members during ovarian and testicular development in chickens.</P>

Expression Patterns of Germ Cell-specific Phosducin-like 2 during Testicular and Ovarian Development in Chickens

Zheng, Ying Hui,Rengaraj, Deivendran,Park, Kyung-Je,Lee, Sang-In,Han, Jae-Yong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.8

Phosducin (PDC) is a photoreceptor cell-specific protein that is phosphorylated by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase. PDC and PDC-like proteins (PDCL, PDCL2, and PDCL3) are members of a conserved family of small thioredoxin-like proteins that modulate the ${\beta}$- and ${\gamma}$-subunits of G-proteins. In mammals, Pdc, Pdcl, and Pdcl3 genes show ubiquitous expression; however, Pdcl2 gene expression is limited to the testis and ovary. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression patterns of chicken Pdcl2 (cPdcl2) during testicular and ovarian development. Protein sequence comparisons performed using the CLUSTAL X program revealed that the amino acid sequences and potential phosphorylation sites of cPDCL2 and mammalian PDCL2 proteins were highly conserved. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that cPdcl2 was differentially expressed in the testis and ovary. Specifically, cPdcl2 expression was detected at low levels in the ovary at all time points. In the testis, cPdcl2 expression was detected at low levels until 5 weeks of age. At 8 weeks of age, however, cPdcl2 showed increased expression levels in the testis. Using in situ hybridization, we detected high levels of cPdcl2 expression in the testis, particularly in the spermatocytes and round spermatids. In summary, our data describe expression patterns of germ cell-specific Pdcl2 during testicular and ovarian development in chickens.

Protection for a Wind Turbine Generator in a Large Wind Farm

Zheng, Tai-Ying,Kim, Yeon-Hee,Kang, Yong-Cheol The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2011 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.6 No.4

This paper proposes a protection algorithm for a wind turbine generator (WTG) in a large wind farm. To minimize the outage section, a protection relay for a WTG should operate instantaneously for an internal fault or a connected feeder fault, whereas the relay should not operate for an internal fault of another WTG connected to the same feeder or an adjacent feeder fault. In addition, the relay should operate with a delay for an inter-tie fault or a grid fault. An internal fault of another WTG connected to the same feeder or an adjacent feeder fault, where the relay should not operate, is determined based on the magnitude of the positive sequence current. To differentiate an internal fault or a connected feeder fault from an inter-tie fault or a grid fault, the phase angle of the negative sequence current is used to distinguish a fault type. The magnitude of the positive sequence current is then used to decide either instantaneous operation or delayed operation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified under various fault conditions with EMTP-RV generated data. The results indicate that the algorithm can successfully distinguish instantaneous operation, delayed operation, or non-operation depending on fault positions and types.

Mechanical Characteristics of Vacuum Circuit Breaker : A Simulation Based Experimental Study

Zheng Ying,Zhang Su 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.2

Electrical industry is with the rapid development. Vacuum circuit breaker, with advantages of good arc resistance, suitable for frequent operation, long electrical service life, high reliability, long maintenance cycle, has been widely used in many applications. Modern conditions need high voltage vacuum circuit breaker and it has a difference with common vacuum circuit breaker. Mechanism characteristics are a most important aspect for the vacuum circuit breaker and more attention should be paid attention. In this paper, mechanism characteristics are studied for a certain model of vacuum circuit breaker and a simulation method is developed. With the method, curves variation of travel, speed, length increasing of contact spring with time has been developed and given in the paper. With responsible device, some parameters are tested in the experiment. The test results show that the simulation results are coincidence with the test results, which mean the effect of the simulation method. Mechanism characteristics can be well described with the model the paper proposed.

Inhibition of Angiotensin Ⅱ-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy by Different Catechins

Ying Zheng,송혜진,윤석희,채연정,Hao Jia,김찬형,하태선,Agapios Sachinidis,안희열,Sandra T. Davidge 대한약리학회 2005 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.2

A cumulative evidence indicates that consumption of tea catechin, flavan-3-ol derived from green tea leaves, lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, a precise mechanism for this cardiovascular action has not yet been fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different green tea catechins, such as epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3 gallate (ECG), and epicatechin (EC), on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophy in primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). [3H]-leucine incorporation was used to assess VSMC hypertrophy, protein kinase assay, and western blot analysis were used to assess mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and RT-PCR was used to assess c-jun or c-fos transcription. Ang II increased [3H]-leucine incorporation into VSMC. However, EGCG and ECG, but not EGC or EC, inhibited [3H]-leucine incorporation increased by Ang II. Ang II increased phosphorylation of c-Jun, extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK in VSMC, however, EGCG and ECG , but not EGC or EC, attenuated c-Jun phosphorylation increased by Ang II. ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation induced by Ang II were not affected by any catechins. Ang II increased c-jun and c-fos mRNA expression in VSMC, however, EGCG inhibited c-jun but not c-fos mRNA expression induced by Ang II. ECG, EGC and EC did not affect c-jun or c-fos mRNA expression induced by Ang II. Our findings indicate that the galloyl group in the position 3 of the catechin structure of EGCG or ECG is essential for inhibiting VSMC hypertrophy induced by Ang II via the specific inhibition of JNK signaling pathway, which may explain the beneficial effects of green tea catechin on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases observed in several epidemiological studies.

Clinical Outcomes of Downregulation of E-cadherin Gene Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Zheng, Shi-Ying,Hou, Jing-Yu,Zhao, Jun,Jiang, Dong,Ge, Jin-Feng,Chen, Sheng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Objective: To investigate the promoter methylation status of the E-cadherin gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with clinical pathological parameters, and to explore the relationship between downregulation of E-cadherin gene expression and the methylation status of its promoter region. Methods: Nested methylation-specific PCR was performed to examine CpG methylation within the 5' CpG island of the E-cadherin gene in lung cancer and para-cancerous tissue from 37 patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the level of E-cadherin mRNA. Results: Of thirty-seven cases, 12 (32.4%) samples showed aberrant CpG methylation in tumor tissues compared with the corresponding normal tissues. In addition, a reduction in E-cadherin mRNA levels was observed in 11 of the 12 (91.7%) tumor tissues carrying a methylated E-cadherin gene. However, only 10 (43.5%) cases displayed reduced mRNA levels in tumor tissues from the remaining 23 cases (excluding 2 samples from which mRNA was unavailable) without methylation events. Downregulation of E-cadherin gene expression significantly correlated with the promoter methylation status of this gene. Conclusion: These results provide strong evidence that the methylation status of E-cadherin gene contributes to a reduction in the expression of E-cadherin mRNA, and may play a role in the development and progression of NSCLC.

Baicalin attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating the Th17/Treg paradigm

Ying Zou,Shi-Xue Dai,Hong-Gang Chi,Tao Li,Zhi-Wei He,Jian Wang,Cai-Guo Ye,Guo-Liang Huang,Bing Zhao,Wen-Yang Li,Zheng Wan,Jin-Shan Feng,Xue-Bao Zheng 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.10

Baicalin, a flavonoid, has a wide range ofpharmacological properties, including immunomodulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect ofbaicalin on the balance of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatoryT (Treg) cells in a colitis model. The rat colitis modelwas induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS). Baicalin (10 ml/kg, each) or mesalazine (positivecontrol) was then administered orally for 7 days. Inflammatoryand immunological responses were evaluated bypathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-timepolymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and flowcytometry. Our study showed that baicalin not only significantlyattenuated TNBS-induced colitis by reducing thedisease activity index as well as macroscopic and microscopicscores, but it also improved the weight loss andshortening of the colon. Baicalin treatment also induced asignificant decrease in the levels of inflammatory mediators,including the myeloperoxidase activity, the levels oftumor necrosis factor a, IL-1b, and Th1-related cytokinesIL-12 and IFN-c. Furthermore, the beneficial effects ofbaicalin seem to be associated with regulation of the Th17and Treg paradigm. We found that administration ofbaicalin significantly downregulated the number of Th17cells and the levels of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17 andIL-6) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor ct. In contrast, there was an increase in Treg cells numbers,Treg-related cytokines transforming growth factor-b andIL-10, and forkhead box P3. Our results suggest that theanti-inflammatory effect of baicalin may be linked tomodulation of the balance between Th17 and Treg cells inTNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.

Inhibition of Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy by Different Catechins

Zheng, Ying,Song, Hye-Jin,Yun, Seok-Hee,Chae, Yeon-Jeong,Jia, Hao,Kim, Chan-Hyung,Ha, Tae-Sun,Sachinidis, Agapios,Ahn, Hee-Yul,Davidge, Sandra T. The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2005 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.2

A cumulative evidence indicates that consumption of tea catechin, flavan-3-ol derived from green tea leaves, lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, a precise mechanism for this cardiovascular action has not yet been fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different green tea catechins, such as epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3 gallate (ECG), and epicatechin (EC), on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophy in primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). [$^3H$]-leucine incorporation was used to assess VSMC hypertrophy, protein kinase assay, and western blot analysis were used to assess mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and RT-PCR was used to assess c-jun or c-fos transcription. Ang II increased [$^3H$]-leucine incorporation into VSMC. However, EGCG and ECG, but not EGC or EC, inhibited [$^3H$]-leucine incorporation increased by Ang II. Ang II increased phosphorylation of c-Jun, extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK in VSMC, however, EGCG and ECG , but not EGC or EC, attenuated c-Jun phosphorylation increased by Ang II. ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation induced by Ang II were not affected by any catechins. Ang II increased c-jun and c-fos mRNA expression in VSMC, however, EGCG inhibited c-jun but not c-fos mRNA expression induced by Ang II. ECG, EGC and EC did not affect c-jun or c-fos mRNA expression induced by Ang II. Our findings indicate that the galloyl group in the position 3 of the catechin structure of EGCG or ECG is essential for inhibiting VSMC hypertrophy induced by Ang II via the specific inhibition of JNK signaling pathway, which may explain the beneficial effects of green tea catechin on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases observed in several epidemiological studies.