Heavy Metal Pollution of the Paddy Fields in the Mining Sites and Their Effects on Microbial Biomass in Hunan Province, Central South China

Zhen Mu,Xue-Feng Hu,Ying Jiang,Ying Shu,Yi-Jun Jiang 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

The Retention Behavior of Ginsenosides in HPLC and Its Application to Quality Assessment of Radix Ginseng

Hu, Ping,Luo, Guo-An,Wang, Qing,Zhao, Zhong-Zhen,Wang, Wan,Jiang, Zhi-Hong 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.10

This study systematically investigated the retention behavior of seven neutral ginsenosides $Rg_1$, Re, Rf, $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, Rd, and an acidic ginsenoside $R_0$, the major pharmacologically active components of Radix Ginseng with RP-HPLC. The effects of solvent, pH value, ionic strength of the mobile phase, and column temperature were investigated using an octadecylsiloxane-bonded silica gel column. Based on the ginsenosides' retention characteristics, the concentration of acetonitrile and the gradient of the mobile phase needed to maintain the baseline separation of the major neutral ginsenosides in Radix Ginseng were theoretically predicted. Furthermore, the ionic strength of mobile-phase necessary to achieve good resolution of the neutral ginsenosides and acidic ginsenosides was carefully investigated. According to the results of the quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in eight batches of ginseng samples from different sources, the developed HPLC technique may be a valuable tool for the quality assessment of Radix Ginseng.

The Retention Behavior of Ginsenosides in HPLC and Its Application to Quality Assessment of Radix Ginseng

Ping Hu,Guo-An Luo,Zhong-Zhen Zhao,Wan Wang,Qing Wang,Zhi-Hong Jiang 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.10

This study systematically investigated the retention behavior of seven neutral ginsenosides Rg₁, Re, Rf, Rb₁, Rb₂, Rc, Rd, and an acidic ginsenoside R0, the major pharmacologically active components of Radix Ginseng with RP-HPLC. The effects of solvent, pH value, ionic strength of the mobile phase, and column temperature were investigated using an octadecylsiloxane-bonded silica gel column. Based on the ginsenosides’ retention characteristics, the concentration of acetonitrile and the gradient of the mobile phase needed to maintain the baseline separation of the major neutral ginsenosides in Radix Ginseng were theoretically predicted. Furthermore, the ionic strength of mobile-phase necessary to achieve good resolution of the neutral ginsenosides and acidic ginsenosides was carefully investigated. According to the results of the quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in eight batches of ginseng samples from different sources, the developed HPLC technique may be a valuable tool for the quality assessment of Radix Ginseng.

Integration of hemicellulose pre-extraction and solid alkali-oxygen cooking processes for lignocellulose fractionation with emphasis on xylan valorization

Yetao Jiang,Xiaoyu Wang,Zhen Wu,Jiaxing Xu,Lei Hu,Lu Lin 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.4

Cooking with active oxygen and solid alkali (CAOSA) is a mild and environmentally friendly method for separation of lignin components. The degradation mechanism of hemicellulose associated with this method has been investigated. It was found that the hemicellulose-derived polysaccharides were directly oxidized rather than hydrolyzed to monosaccharides for degradation. To avoid the undesirable degradation of hemicellulose components by CAOSA, the idea of separating hemicellulose first in the form of xylan to produce xylooligosaccharide was presented by this study. Although hydrothermal autocatalysis has been commonly used in hemicellulose separation, the effects of acidenhanced hydrothermal method and alkali-suppressed hydrothermal method on hydrothermal autocatalysis were systematically compared for the first time, and it was found that the acid-enhanced method was beneficial for highly selective extraction of xylan. Then, the hemicellulose-removed bamboo was treated with CAOSA process to separate lignin from cellulose. It was found that solid alkali dosage of CAOSA could be evidently decreased for hemicelluloseremoved bamboo, which was helpful to reduce the cost of CAOSA. Coupling hemicellulose pre-extraction and CAOSA lignin fractionation strategy, a comprehensive biorefinery case for bamboo biomass could be anticipated.

Colonic Hypersensitivity and Sensitization of Voltage-gated Sodium Channels in Primary Sensory Neurons in Rats with Diabetes

( Ji Hu ),( Zhen Yuan Song ),( Hong Hong Zhang ),( Xin Qin ),( Shufen Hu ),( Xinghong Jiang ),( Guang Yin Xu ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.1

Background/Aims Patients with long-standing diabetes often demonstrate intestinal dysfunction and abdominal pain. However, the pathophysiology of abdominal pain in diabetic patients remains elusive. The purpose of study was to determine roles of voltage-gated sodium channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in colonic hypersensitivity of rats with diabetes. Methods Diabetic models were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg) in adult female rats, while the control rats received citrate buffer only. Behavioral responses to colorectal distention were used to determine colonic sensitivity in rats. Colon projection DRG neurons labeled with DiI were acutely dissociated for measuring excitability and sodium channel currents by whole-cell patch clamp recordings. Western blot analysis was employed to measure the expression of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 of colon DRGs. Results STZ injection produced a significantly lower distention threshold than control rats in responding to colorectal distention. STZ injection also depolarized the resting membrane potentials, hyperpolarized action potential threshold, decreased rheobase and increased frequency of action potentials evoked by 2 and 3 times rheobase and ramp current stimulation. Furthermore, STZ injection enhanced neuronal sodium current densities of DRG neurons innervating the colon. STZ injection also led to a significant upregulation of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 expression in colon DRGs compared with age and sex-matched control rats. Conclusions Our results suggest that enhanced neuronal excitability following STZ injection, which may be mediated by upregulation of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 expression in DRGs, may play an important role in colonic hypersensitivity in rats with diabetes. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:129-140)

Resveratrol Attenuates Early Diabetic Nephropathy by Down-Regulating Glutathione S-Transferases Mu in Diabetic Rats

Bei Jiang,Ling Guo,Bao-Ying Li,Jun-Hui Zhen,Jian Song,Tao Peng,Xiang-Dong Yang,Zhao Hu,Hai-Qing Gao 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.6

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end-stage renal disease. Resveratrol has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. However, the effects of resveratrol on DN remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of resveratrol on early-stage DN. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in male Wistar rats. The diabetic rats were treated with resveratrol at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. Plasma glucose, creatinine, kidney/body weight ratio, and 24-h urinary protein were determined. The renal pathological changes were examined with periodic acid Schiff staining, and renal mesangial cells were cultured in high glucose concentrations with indicated concentrations of resveratrol (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 lmol/L). The proliferation of mesangial cells was evaluated by methylthiazoletetrazolium assay. Expressions of glutathione S-transferases Mu (GSTM) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were detected by western blot, and apoptosis was analyzed using a flow cytometer. Resveratrol reduced plasma glucose, creatinine, and urinary protein excretion, and attenuated renal hypertrophy. Moreover, resveratrol also reduced the expression of GSTM in diabetic rats. In vitro, resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of mesangial cells caused by high glucose and down-regulated GSTM and Nrf2 expressions in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that resveratrol help prevent the progression of DN. The renoprotection by resveratrol is in part mediated through the inhibition of high glucoseinduced rat mesangial cell proliferation and downregulation of GSTM expression.

Endogenous leptin promotes autophagy in EBSS-induced PFCs

Deling Jiao,Zhen Yang,Lulu Wang,Binyue Hu,Jing Wang,Anyong Xu,Wenmin Cheng,Baoyu Jia,Yubo Qing,Hong-Ye Zhao,Hong-Jiang Wei 한국통합생물학회 2019 Animal cells and systems Vol.23 No.5

Leptin is an important adipokine and plays a vital role in animals. However, the role of leptin in the autophagic response of pig fibroblast cells (PFCs) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the relationship between leptin and autophagy as well as underlying molecular basis. We found that PFCs treated with EBSS could secrete leptin, and the leptin concentration in the supernatant of leptin transgenic PFCs was higher than that of WT PFCs. We found an increase in LC3-II protein level and a decrease in p62 protein level in treated leptin transgenic PFCs compared with treated WT PFCs. Meanwhile, we observed an increase of autophagosomes by transmission electron microscopy and an enhancement of the accumulation of LC3 puncta in the cytoplasm of treated leptin transgenic PFCs, and these effects were further augmented by Baf A1 treatment. Furthermore, we detected the expression levels of 7 autophagy signaling pathway genes and 17 autophagy-related (ATG) genes by q-PCR. We found that between the two types of EBSS-treated cells 3 genes expression pattern were significantly different among the 7 autophagy signaling pathway genes and 8 genes expression pattern were significantly differernt among the ATG genes. These results indicated that leptin may promote autophagy and involving the downregulation of FOXO1 and LMNA genes via an unknown pathway which causes the upregulation of the 4 genes and the downregulation of 4 genes.

Determination of Urban Surface Aerodynamic Characteristics Using Marquardt Method

Zhang, Ning,Jiang, Weimei,Gao, Zhiqiu,Hu, Fei,Peng, Zhen Techno-Press 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.3

Marquardt method is used to estimate the aerodynamic parameters in urban area of Beijing City, China, including displacement length (d), roughness length ($z_0$) and friction velocity (u*) and drag coefficient. The surface drag coefficient defined as the ratio between friction velocity and mean wind speed is 0.125 in our research, which is close to typical urban area value. The averaged d and $z_0$ are 1.2 m and 7.6 m. d and $z_0$ change with direction because of the surface heterogeneity over urban surface and reach their maximum values at S-SW sector, this tendency agrees with the surface rough element distribution around the observation tower.

Rhein lysinate inhibits monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells by blocking p38 signaling pathway

Yajun Lin,Yongzhan Zhen,Jiang Liu,Jie Wei,Ping Tu,Gang Hu 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.11

The objective of this study was to investigate theeffect of rhein lysinate (RHL) on monocyte adhesion and itsmechanism. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay was used to determine thegrowth inhibition by drugs. The monocyte chemoattractantprotein (MCP)-1 levels were assayed using MCP-1 ELISA. The expression of proteins was detected by Western blottinganalysis. The results indicated that RHL inhibited monocyteadhesion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. RHL(\20 lmol/L) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had no effecton viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, 20 lmol/L RHL was selected for this study. RHLinhibited secretion ofMCP-1 induced by LPS and expressionof intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascularcell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1. In the meantime, bothRHL and p38 inhibitor (SB203580) inhibited phosphorylationof p38 and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activatedprotein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK-2) and transcription andexpression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In conclusion, RHLinhibits the transcription and expression of ICAM-1 andVCAM-1 by the p38/MAPKAPK-2 signaling pathway, andthe effect ofRHLon transcription and expression of ICAM-1and VCAM-1 is similar to p38 inhibitor. RHL could be aprophylactic drug for atherosclerosis.

Determination of Urban Surface Aerodynamic Characteristics Using Marquardt Method

Ning Zhang,Weimei Jiang,Zhiqiu Gao,Fei Hu,Zhen Peng 한국풍공학회 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.3