The role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology and clinical management

Zhang Wuwen,Wang Qinshi,Yang Yi,Zhou Siyuan,Zhang Ping,Feng Tongbao 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Exosomes play a vital role in cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in cancer development and are involved in multiple processes, including cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunomodulation. Changes in the levels of exosomal lncRNAs often appear with the occurrence and development of cancer. Therefore, exosomal lncRNAs can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Exosomal lncRNAs can also indicate the treatment response of patients receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, exosomal lncRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology as well as in clinical management. A more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer may help us better understand the mechanism of cancer development and clinically manage cancer patients.

Evaluating the accuracy and relevance of ChatGPT responses to frequently asked questions regarding total knee replacement

( Siyuan Zhang ),( Zi Qiang Glen Liau ),( Kian Loong Melvin Tan ),( Wei Liang Chua ) 대한슬관절학회 2024 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.36 No.-

Background Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), a generative artificial intelligence chatbot, may have broad applications in healthcare delivery and patient education due to its ability to provide human-like responses to a wide range of patient queries. However, there is limited evidence regarding its ability to provide reliable and useful information on orthopaedic procedures. This study seeks to evaluate the accuracy and relevance of responses provided by ChatGPT to frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding total knee replacement (TKR). Methods A list of 50 clinically-relevant FAQs regarding TKR was collated. Each question was individually entered as a prompt to ChatGPT (version 3.5), and the first response generated was recorded. Responses were then reviewed by two independent orthopaedic surgeons and graded on a Likert scale for their factual accuracy and relevance. These responses were then classified into accurate versus inaccurate and relevant versus irrelevant responses using preset thresholds on the Likert scale. Results Most responses were accurate, while all responses were relevant. Of the 50 FAQs, 44/50 (88%) of ChatGPT responses were classified as accurate, achieving a mean Likert grade of 4.6/5 for factual accuracy. On the other hand, 50/50 (100%) of responses were classified as relevant, achieving a mean Likert grade of 4.9/5 for relevance. Conclusion ChatGPT performed well in providing accurate and relevant responses to FAQs regarding TKR, demonstrating great potential as a tool for patient education. However, it is not infallible and can occasionally provide inaccurate medical information. Patients and clinicians intending to utilize this technology should be mindful of its limitations and ensure adequate supervision and verification of information provided.

Short-duration chemoprophylaxis might reduce incidence of deep vein thrombosis in Asian patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Zhang Siyuan,Htet Kway Swar,Tan Xin Yang,Wang Xinyu,Wang Wilson,Chua Weiliang 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication that may occur after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), leading to the recommendation of routine chemoprophylaxis by international guidelines. This study aims to determine if short-duration chemoprophylaxis after TKA reduces the incidence of VTE in an Asian population.A retrospective study of 316 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2013 was conducted. All patients received mechanical prophylaxis. One hundred seventeen patients (37%) received additional chemoprophylaxis, whereas 199 patients (63%) did not. A Doppler ultrasound (DUS) of both lower limbs was conducted for all patients within 6 days after surgery (median = 3 days) to assess for both proximal and distal DVT. Chemoprophylaxis in the form of enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin; LMWH), aspirin, or heparin was administered until patients had a normal DUS, for a median duration of 4 days. Patients were followed up clinically for a minimum of 6 months to monitor for delayed or recurrent VTE and at least 2 years for patient-reported outcome measures. Overall, 24 patients (7.59%) developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT): three proximal and 21 distal DVTs. Twenty-three of the 24 patients were asymptomatic. Twenty of 199 patients (10.05%) with only mechanical prophylaxis developed DVT, whereas four of 117 patients (3.42%) with additional chemoprophylaxis developed DVT. Multivariate analysis showed that chemoprophylaxis use was associated with reduced incidence of DVT (odds ratio = 0.19, p value = 0.011). Other factors associated with increased DVT incidence include female gender (odds ratio = 5.45, p value = 0.034), positive history of cancer (odds ratio = 5.14, p value = 0.044), and increased length of stay in hospital (odds ratio = 1.19, p value < 0.001). Our study has shown that despite the low incidence of DVT in Asian patients undergoing TKA, short-duration chemoprophylaxis might be effective in reducing the incidence of DVT. However, most DVTs observed in our study were distal and may be of limited clinical significance. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of chemoprophylaxis use on the incidence of PE and overall mortality rates among Asian patients.

Preparation of Si3N4-based antimicrobial coatings from suspensions with long-time stability

Du Songmo,Zhang Jie,Sun Siyuan,Lifei Zhang,Chen Zhanglin,Zhang Shijia,Zhao Shuo,Tian Zhaobo,Ning Xiaoshan,Chen Kexin,Cui Wei,Liu Guanghua 한국세라믹학회 2024 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.61 No.3

A Si 3N4-based antimicrobial coating was fabricated from suspensions with long-time stability. The stability of Si 3N4 sus- pension and the antimicrobial performance of coating were investigated. The viscosity of Si 3N4 suspension was found to be the key factor aff ecting both stability and antimicrobial performance. The Si 3N4 suspensions were modifi ed with HASE acrylic copolymer, PAA-NH 4, and Polyurethane, resulting in an improvement of the stability of Si 3N4 suspension from a few hours to six months. The coating produced using the modifi ed Si 3N4 suspension exhibited an antibacterial activity of 99.9%. This study highlights the crucial role of modifying the Si 3N4 suspension in improving its long-term stability and coating antimicrobial activity.

Integrated analysis of transcriptome and milk metagenome in subclinical mastitic and healthy cows

Zhang Jinning,Liu Xueqin,Usman Tahir,Tang Yongjie,Mi Siyuan,Li Wenlong,Yang Mengyou,Yu Ying 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.4

Objective: Abnormally increased somatic cell counts (SCCs) in milk is usually a sign of bovine subclinical mastitis. Mutual interaction between the host and its associated microbiota plays an important role in developing such diseases. The main objective of this study was to explore the difference between cows with elevated SCCs and healthy cattle from the perspective of host-microbe interplay. Methods: A total of 31 milk samples and 23 bovine peripheral blood samples were collected from Holstein dairy cattle to conduct an integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metagenomics. Results: The results showed that Ralstonia and Sphingomonas were enriched in cows with subclinical mastitis. The relative abundance of the two bacteria was positively correlated with the expression level of bovine transcobalamin 1 and uridine phosphorylase 1 encoding gene. Moreover, functional analysis revealed a distinct alternation in some important microbial biological processes. Conclusion: These results reveal the relative abundance of Ralstonia and Sphingomonas other than common mastitis-causing pathogens varied from healthy cows to those with subclinical mastitis and might be associated with elevated SCCs. Potential association was observed between bovine milk microbiota composition and the transcriptional pattern of some genes, thus providing new insights to understand homeostasis of bovine udder.

Real-time structural health monitoring system based on streaming data

Qilin Zhang,Siyuan Sun,Bin Yang,Roland Wüchner,Licheng Pan,Haitao Zhu 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.28 No.2

In this paper, a novel real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on streaming data is proposed. In contrast to a traditional SHM system, the proposed system implements a series of optimizations for data transmission and processing to reduce the latency and better satisfy the real-time requirement. The concept of the watermark in the streaming system is adopted to address the problem of when to trigger the time window calculation under the real-time requirement. Moreover, a well-designed parallel mechanism is used to satisfy the multistage computation requirement in the parallel data stream. A case study in which the proposed system is applied to the Shanghai Tower is presented. The peak picking method is used as an example in the test environment to track the latency of each main operation under different parallelism schemes. The results show that computing in parallel effectively reduces the latency and provides a reference for integrating the random decrement technique (RDT), stochastic subspace identification (SSI), or other more complex but effective algorithms in parallel into the system in the future. The total latency under the test environment from data generation to data transmission to the web server is approximately only 200-400 ms, which indicates the excellent real-time performance of the system.

Adsorption and catalytic degradation of sulfamethazine by mesoporous carbon loaded nano zero valent iron

Liangbo Zhang,Siyuan Shen 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-

In this work, a composite material of mesoporous carbon loaded nano zero valent iron (nZVI/MC) wasprepared and used as an activator of persulfate (PS) to degrade sulfamethazine (SMZ). Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) images showed nano zero valent iron (nZVI) was dispersed on the surface or in themesopores of mesoporous carbon (MC) without aggregation. nZVI/MC has less surface area(175.63 m2 g 1) than MC (240.83 m2 g 1). The adsorption efficiency of SMZ increased as the MC andnZVI/MC dosages increased. However, its adsorption efficiency decreased as its initial concentration andpH value increased for both the MC and nZVI/MC. nZVI/MC+PS process showed the most effectiveremoval for SMZ, its removal rate reached 69.5%. Catalytic degradation results indicated that materialdosage and temperature enhanced SMZ degradation in the nZVI/MC+PS process, while SMZ initialconcentration had the opposite effect. For the effect of PS concentration, the SMZ removal efficiencyincreased in the beginning and then decreased. Quenching experiments indicated that SO4- wasrelatively more dominant that OH in the process of SMZ degradation, which could also be confirmed byEPR analysis. The main degradation pathways of SMZ were the Smiles-type rearrangement and thenitration of aniline moiety.

In Vitro Effects of SB202190 on Echinococcus granulosus

Hailong Lv,Siyuan Li,Jing Zhang,Weihua Liang,Xiaoling Mu,Yufeng Jiang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.51 No.2

Spillage of cyst contents during surgical operation is the major cause of recurrence after hydatid cyst surgery. Instillation of a scolicidal agent into a hepatic hydatid cyst is the most commonly employed measure to prevent this complication. SB202190 is a pyridinyl imidazole derivative and is known to be a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of SB202190 was investigated. Freshly isolated Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices were subjected to SB202190 treatment (10, 20, 40, and 80 μM), and the effects on parasite viability were monitored by trypan blue staining. Corresponding effects were visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Dose-dependent protoscolex death within a few days of SB202190 treatment was observed. Although the in vitro scolicidal effect of SB202190 was satisfactory, the in vivo efficacy of this drug and also possible side effects remain to be further investigated.

Particulate Matter 2.5 Causes Deficiency in Barrier Integrity in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells

Mu Xian,Siyuan Ma,Kuiji Wang,Hongfei Lou,Yang Wang,Luo Zhang,Chengshuo Wang,Cezmi A. Akdis 대한천식알레르기학회 2020 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: The effect of air pollution-related particulate matter (PM) on epithelial barrier function and tight junction (TJ) expression in human nasal mucosa has not been studied to date. This study therefore aimed to assess the direct impact of PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on the barrier function and TJ molecular expression of human nasal epithelial cells. Methods: Air-liquid interface cultures were established with epithelial cells derived from noninflammatory nasal mucosal tissue collected from patients undergoing paranasal sinus surgery. Confluent cultures were exposed to 50 or 100 μg/mL PM2.5 for up to 72 hours, and assessed for 1) epithelial barrier integrity as measured by transepithelial resistance (TER) and permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) 4 kDa; 2) expression of TJs using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining, and 3) proinflammatory cytokines by luminometric bead array or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared to control medium, 50 and/or 100 μg/mL PM2.5-treatment 1) significantly decreased TER and increased FITC permeability, which could not be restored by budesonide pretreatment; 2) significantly decreased the expression of claudin-1 messenger RNA, claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 protein; and 3) significantly increased production of the cytokines interleukin-8, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Conclusions: Exposure to PM2.5 may lead to loss of barrier function in human nasal epithelium through decreased expression of TJ proteins and increased release of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest an important mechanism of susceptibility to rhinitis and rhinosinusitis in highly PM2.5-polluted areas.

Autonomous Load Current Sharing Control Strategy for Distributed DC Micro-sources Based on Active Frequency Injection and Line Impedance Compensation Control

Zhuang Xuzhou,Zhang Qinjin,Zeng Yuji,Liu Yancheng,Liu Siyuan,Yu Heyang 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.4

Traditional droop control methods are diffi cult to achieve accurate and autonomous current sharing between micro-source converters in DC microgrid, due to the mismatch of line impedance and the existence of low-speed communication. In this paper, an autonomous current sharing control strategy based on active frequency injection and line impedance compensation is proposed. Firstly, an active frequency injection method is used for all supported voltage-source converters. Under the feedback mechanism of the reactive power and voltage, the accurate current sharing can be achieved, and the total equivalent droop coeffi cient of each converter would be approximately equal. On the basis, the line impedance compensation information of each converter can be obtained accurately. Then, the original droop control method, in which the droop coeffi cient is the obtained compensation value, is utilized to replace the injection method. Without introducing any communication, this method not only can ensure the accuracy of load current sharing, but also can eff ectively improve the large ripple problem caused by frequency injection method, and avoid the secondary bus voltage drop. The design process and stability of the controller are analyzed in detail. Finally, the feasibility and eff ectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verifi ed by using the corresponding simulation model and HIL experimental platform.