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Application of ANFIS Power Control for Downlink CDMA-Based LMDS Systems
Ze-Shin Lee,Mu-King Tsay,Chien-Hsing Liao 한국전자통신연구원 2009 ETRI Journal Vol.31 No.2
Rain attenuation and intercell interference are two crucial factors in the performance of broadband wireless access networks such as local multipoint distribution systems (LMDS) operating at frequencies above 20 GHz. Power control can enhance the performance of downlink CDMA-based LMDS systems by reducing intercell interference under clear sky conditions; however, it may damage system performance under rainy conditions. To ensure robust operation under both clear sky and rainy conditions, we propose a novel power-control scheme which applies an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for downlink CDMA-based LMDS systems. In the proposed system, the rain rate and the number of users are two inputs of the fuzzy inference system, and output is defined as channel quality, which is applied in the power control scheme to adjust the power control region. Moreover, ITU-R P.530 is employed to estimate the rain attenuation. The influence of the rain rate and the number of users on the distance-based power control (DBPC) scheme is included in the simulation model as the training database. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme improves the throughput of the DBPC scheme.
National Cancer Incidence for the Year 2002 in Korea
Hai-Rim Shin,Kyu-Won Jung,Young-Joo Won,Hyun-Joo Kong,Seon-Hee Yim,Joohon Sung,Sun-Won Seo,Ki-Young Kim,Sang-Yi Lee,In-Sik Kong,In Kyoung Hwang,Choong Won Lee,Ze-Hong Woo,Tae-Yong Lee,Jin-Su Choi,Cheo 대한암학회 2007 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.39 No.4
Hai-Rim Shin,Young-Joo Won,Kyu-Won Jung,Hyun-Joo Kong,Seon-Hee Yim,Jung-Kyu Lee,Hong-In Noh,Jong-Koo Lee,Paola Pisani,Jae-Gahb Park,Yoon-Ok Ahn,Soon Yong Lee,Choong Won Lee,Ze-Hong Woo,Tae-Yong Lee,최진 대한암학회 2005 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.37 No.6
Purpose: The first Korean national population- based cancer registry using nationwide hospital-based recording system and the regional cancer registries provided the source to obtain national cancer incidences for the period 1999∼2001.Materials and Methods: The incidence of cancer in Korea was calculated based on the Korea Central Cancer Registry database, data from additional medical record review survey, the Regional Cancer Registry databases, site-specific cancer registry databases, and cancer mortality data from the Korea National Statistical Office. Crude and age-standardized rates were calculated by sex for 18 age groups.Results: The overall crude incidence rates (CR) were 247.3 and 188.3 per 100,000 for men and women and the overall age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were281.2 and 160.3 per 100,000, respectively. Among men, five leading primary cancer sites werestomach (CR 58.6, ASR 65.6), lung (CR 42.1, ASR 50.9), liver (CR 41.9, ASR44.9), colon and rectum (CR 24.2, ASR 27.3) and bladder (CR 7.7, ASR 9.2). Among women, the most common cancers were stomach (CR 30.8, ASR 25.8), breast (CR25.7, ASR 21.7), colon and rectum (CR 19.6, ASR 16.7), uterine cervix (CR 18.4, ASR 15.5), and lung cancer (CR 15.1, ASR 12.4). In 0∼14 age group, leukemia was mostcommon for both sexes. For men, stomach cancer was most common in 15∼64 age group, but lung cancer was more frequent for over 65 age group. For women, thyroidcancer in 15∼34 age group, breast cancer in 35∼64 age group, and stomach cancer in over 65 age group were most common for each age group. The proportions ofdeath certificate only were 7.5% for men and 7.4% for women.Conclusion: This is the first attempt to determine the national cancer incidence and this data will be useful to plan for research and national cancer control in Korea.
Lee, Gyu-Sun,Shin, Yun-Ha,Kim, Ji-Man,Kim, Tae-Sung,Lee, Young-Ze American Scientific Publishers 2009 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.9 No.12
<P>The pores on the surface function as an outlet for wear particles and enhance the storage of lubricants, which improves lubrication effectiveness. Mesoporous SiO2 thin films were formed by the sol-gel and self-assembly methods to have a porous structure. One of the important issues in the manufacturing of the films involves the control of the porous structure to ensure proper mechanical properties. Mesoporous materials were manufactured with two surfactants, Pluronid Polyol (F127) and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTABr). The pores were then exposed on the surface by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) and plasma-etching. Ball-on-disk tests with mesoporous SiO2 thin films on glass specimens were conducted. The results show that the friction coefficient and wear volume of a specimen with F127, which has a 8 nm pore size, are far lower than those of CTABr, which has a 3 nm pore size at both the dry condition and at boundary lubricated condition. This proves a significant dependency of friction and wear on pore size of mesoporous SiO2 thin films.</P>
Dong-Shin Park,Jung-Min Park,Jin-Seon Kim,Young-Ze Lee 한국트라이볼로지학회 2009 KSTLE International Journal Vol.10 No.1/2
The nuclear steam generator is composed of a bundle of tubes. The length of these tubes is very long, but their diameter is small. Fluid exists inside of the steam generator and its flow causes vibration, therefore these tubes are supported by anti-vibration bars. The wear damage due to the vibration is known as fretting wear, which should be minimized to ensure the safety of the plants. Research needs to be done about decreasing the amount of fretting wear. Hard coatings have proven to be very effective in reducing the amount of wear. The commercial coatings of TiN and CrN have excellent wear resistance and are used to protect the Inconel tube from fretting wear. The tube-on-flat type tester was used for conducting the fretting wear tests. It was found that the wear amounts of the coated tubes decreased depending on the coating thickness. CrN was found to be very effective in reducing the wear, while the wear amounts were dependent on the coating thickness in the case of TiN and a thick coating of TiN was very effective on wear resistance.
Park, Dong-Shin,Park, Jung-Min,Kim, Jin-Seon,Lee, Young-Ze Korean Tribology Society 2009 KSTLE International Journal Vol.10 No.1
The nuclear steam generator is composed of a bundle of tubes. The length of these tubes is very long, but their diameter is small. Fluid exists inside of the steam generator and its flow causes vibration, therefore these tubes are supported by anti-vibration bars. The wear damage due to the vibration is known as fretting wear, which should be minimized to ensure the safety of the plants. Research needs to be done about decreasing the amount of fretting wear. Hard coatings have proven to be very effective in reducing the amount of wear. The commercial coatings of TiN and CrN have excellent wear resistance and are used to protect the Inconel tube from fretting wear. The tube-on-flat type tester was used for conducting the fretting wear tests. It was found that the wear amounts of the coated tubes decreased depending on the coating thickness. CrN was found to be very effective in reducing the wear, while the wear amounts were dependent on the coating thickness in the case of TiN and a thick coating of TiN was very effective on wear resistance.
Park, Sang-Shin,Park, Young-Ha,Lee, Young-Ze,Han, Man-Cheol Korean Tribology Society 2002 KSTLE International Journal Vol.3 No.2
A press shoe is an element of a machine for squeezing water from wood pulp in the field of manufacturing paper. This is used to compress the pulp enveloped by felt sheet with a large roller. The squeezing farce is made by hydraulic pressure. The press shoe has a mechanism similar to a partial hydrostatic bearing. The pressure profile between press shoe and roller affects their squeezing ability, and partial peak pressure can tear the wet pulp. The curvature of the surface of press shoe varies to reduce the peak pressure and increase the mean pressure simultaneously, Therefore, the prediction of pressure distribution considering partially changed curvature of hydrostatic bearing is very important far designing the press shoe. In this study, the difference formulation of Reynolds equation far partial hydrostatic bearing is derived by direct numerical method and a computer program to calculate the pressure distribution is developed. We investigate the effect of partially changed curvature of bearing surface on the pressure distribution. Other design parameter far hydrostatic bearing such as depth of pocket and relative velocity are also studied.