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Performance of Q-learning based resource allocation for D2D communications in heterogeneous networks
Lee Shu-Hung,Shi Xiao-Pei,Tan Tan-Hsu,Lee Yu-Lin,Huang Yung-Fa 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.6
This study investigates energy efficiency issues of device-to-device (D2D) communications in heterogeneous networks. To minimize the total transmitted power, an approach based on Q-learning together with adaptive ɛ -greedy is proposed to optimize the connection of user equipment (UE) with base station (BS) or access point (AP). The proposed adaptive ɛ -greedy can conduct the adequate exploration and exploitation operations for effective optimization. Simulation results indicate that in the single-cell scenario, the proposed method can attain performance close to the best solution.
An Improvement on Robust H<SUB>∞</SUB> Control for Uncertain Continuous-Time Descriptor Systems
Hung-Jen Lee,Shih-Wei Kau,Yung-Sheng Liu,Chun-Hsiung Fang,Jian-Liung Chen,Ming-Hung Tsai,Li Lee 대한전기학회 2006 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.4 No.3
This paper proposes a new approach to solve robust H∞ control problems for uncertain continuous-time descriptor systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for robust H∞ control analysis and design are derived and expressed in terms of a set of LMIs. In the proposed approach, the uncertainties are allowed to appear in all system matrices. Furthermore, a couple of assumptions that are required in earlier design methods are not needed anymore in the present one. The derived conditions also include several interesting results existing in the literature as special cases.
Cranial morphological homogeneity in two subspecies of water deer in China and Korea
KIM, Yung Kun,KOYABU, Daisuke,LEE, Hang,KIMURA, Junpei The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2015 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.77 No.11
<P>The water deer (<I>Hydropotes inermis</I>) has conventionally been classified into two subspecies according to geographic distribution and pelage color pattern: <I>H. i. inermis</I> from China and <I>H. i. argyropus</I> from Korea. However, the results of a recent molecular study have called this into question. To further reappraise this classification, we examined morphological variation in craniodental measurements of these 2 subspecies. Results of univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that these 2 subspecies are not well-differentiated, suggesting that individuals of the 2 populations share common morphological traits. Despite the distribution of the subspecies at different latitudes, no clear morphocline was detected, suggesting that Bergmann’s rule does not apply in this case. Discriminant analysis indicated that the characteristics of individuals are shared by both populations, suggesting that not all individuals can be assigned to their original population. Results of principal component analysis showed that the two populations shared more than 75% of individuals, congruent with the “75% rule” of subspecies classification. In both the neighbor-joining and unweighted pair group methods with arithmetic mean cluster analyses, specimens of <I>H. i. argyropus</I> and <I>H. i. inermis</I> were highly mixed within the cladograms. These results suggest that the overall morphological variation in the 2 subspecies overlaps considerably and that there is no coherent craniofacial difference between the 2 groups. The present findings combined with prior observations from molecular biogeography point out that the taxonomic division of water deer into 2 subspecies should be revisited.</P>
Role of Salivary Immune Parameters in Patients With Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Yu-Hung Hung,Yung-Hung Lee,Pei-Pei Chen,Yuan-Zhao Lin,Chia-Hui Lin,Jeng-Hsien Yen 대한진단검사의학회 2019 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.39 No.1
Background: Several factors, including clinical manifestations and laboratory data, have been used to evaluate the disease activity of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). We investigated saliva indicators of disease activity in primary SS patients. Methods: We enrolled 138 Taiwanese patients with primary SS and 100 Taiwanese normal controls. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and rheumatoid factor (RF)-IgA levels in saliva samples were measured using ELISA or fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassay. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were measured by nephelometry. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was measured with an automatic ESR analyzer. The t-test and Pearson correlation test were used. Results: IL-6 level was higher in primary SS patients than in normal controls (14.23±14.77 vs 9.87±7.32, P=0.012), but there were no significant differences in IL-17A, TNF-α, and RF-IgA levels. In primary SS patients, IL-6 level correlated weakly with ESR and IgG levels (r=0.252, P=0.015, and r=0.248, P=0.017, respectively), and TNF-α level correlated weakly with IgG level (r=0.231, P=0.024). Conclusions: IL-6 may play a role in SS pathogenesis. Saliva IL-6 might be an indicator of disease activity in primary SS patients.
Coronary Stent Infection Presented as Recurrent Stent Thrombosis
Chih-Hung Lai,Wei-Chun Chang,Yung-Kai Lin,Wen-Lieng Lee 연세대학교의과대학 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.2
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with metal stent placement has become a well-developed treatment modality for coronary stenotic lesions. Although infection involving implanted stents is rare, it can, however, occur with high morbidity and mortality. We describe herein a case of an inserted coronary stent that was infected and complicated with recurrent stent thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm formation and severe sepsis. Despite repeated intervention and bypass surgery, the patient died from severe sepsis.
Dynamic System Identification Using a Recurrent Compensatory Fuzzy Neural Network
Chi-Yung Lee,Cheng-Jian Lin,Cheng-Hung Chen,Chun-Lung Chang 대한전기학회 2008 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.6 No.5
This study presents a recurrent compensatory fuzzy neural network (RCFNN) for dynamic system identification. The proposed RCFNN uses a compensatory fuzzy reasoning method, and has feedback connections added to the rule layer of the RCFNN. The compensatory fuzzy reasoning method can make the fuzzy logic system more effective, and the additional feedback connections can solve temporal problems as well. Moreover, an online learning algorithm is demonstrated to automatically construct the RCFNN. The RCFNN initially contains no rules. The rules are created and adapted as online learning proceeds via simultaneous structure and parameter learning. Structure learning is based on the measure of degree and parameter learning is based on the gradient descent algorithm. The simulation results from identifying dynamic systems demonstrate that the convergence speed of the proposed method exceeds that of conventional methods. Moreover, the number of adjustable parameters of the proposed method is less than the other recurrent methods.
최항진(Hang-Jin Choi),이국표(Kook-Pyo Lee),윤영섭(Yung-Sup Yoon) 大韓電子工學會 2010 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.47 No.5
전형적인 버스 시스템 구조는 공용버스 내에 여러 개의 마스터와 슬레이브, 아비터 그리고 디코더 등으로 구성되어 있다. 복수의 마스터가 동시간대에 버스를 이용할 수 없으므로, 아비터는 이를 중재하는 역할을 수행한다. 아비터가 어떠한 중재방식을 선택하는가에 따라 버스 사용의 효율성이 결정된다. 기존의 중재 방식에는 Fixed Priority 방식, Round-Robin 방식, TDMA 방식, Lottery 방식 등이 연구되고 있는데, 버스 우선권이 주로 고려되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 마스터별 버스 점유율을 연산하는 블록을 이용하는 버스중재 방식을 제안하고, TLM(Transaction Level Model)을 통해 다른 중재 방식과 비교하여 성능을 검증하였다. 성능분석 결과, 기존의 Fixed Priority 방식과 Round-Robin 방식은 버스점유율을 설정할 수 없었으며 기존의 TDMA, Lottery 중재방식의 경우에는 100,000 사이클 이상에서 사용자가 설정한 버스점유율과 비교하여 각각 최대 50%, 70%의 오차가 발생하였다. 반면에 점유율 고려 중재방식의 경우에는 약 1000 사이클 이후부터 사용자가 설정한 버스점유율과 비교하여 1% 이하의 오차를 유지하였다. The conventional bus system architecture consists of masters, slaves, arbiter, decoder and so on in shared bus. As several masters can't use a bus concurrently, arbiter plays an role in arbitrating the bus. The efficiency of bus usage can be determined by the selection of arbitration method. Fixed Priority, Round-Robin, TDMA and Lottery arbitration policies are studied in the conventional arbitration method where the bus priority is primarily considered. In this paper, we propose the arbitration method that calculates the bus utilization of each master. Furthermore, we verify the performance compared with the other arbitration methods through TLM(Transaction Level Model). From the results of performance verification, the arbitration methods of Fixed Priority and Round-Robin can not set the bus utilization and those of TDMA and Lottery happen the error of 50% and 70% respectively compared with bus utilization set by user in more than 100,000 cycles. On the other hand, the bandwidth-award bus arbitration method remains the error of less than 1% since approximately 1000 cycles, compared with bus utilization set by user.
Conditions and Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence among Taiwanese Women
Fang-Hsin Lee,Yung-Mei Yang,Hsiu-Hung Wang,Joh-Jong Huang,Shu-Chen Chang 한국간호과학회 2015 Asian Nursing Research Vol.9 No.2
Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue among women. IPV victims usually seek help from hospitals, and emergency nurses are the frontline staff with whom the victims come into contact first. This study examined the conditions and patterns of IPV in southern Taiwan. Methods: From designated hospitals in Kaohsiung under the Department of Health Injury Assessment Clinic, data were collected on 497 women regarding their injury assessment for IPV reported to the Kaohsiung City Government. Results: Taiwanese survivors were older compared to immigrant survivors. Taiwanese survivors also had higher education levels compared to immigrant survivors. Taiwanese survivors had higher employment rate than immigrant survivors did. The time between IPV and medical help seeking was longer for divorced than married women. Conclusions: These results can facilitate understanding of the conditions and patterns of IPV in Taiwan, increase the awareness of nurses, especially the emergency nurses for the prevention of IPV, and increase professional competency for the provision of appropriate healthcare services to survivors of IPV. Copyright © 2015, Korean Society of Nursing Science. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.