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Processing of Anomalous Sentences in Japanese: An fMRI Study
Yuko Sassa,Motoaki Sugiura,Jobu Watanabe,Yuko Akitsuki,Yasuhiro Maeda,Yoshihiko Matsue,Ryuta Kawashima 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2007 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.8 No.2
Most previous neuroimaging studies of anomalous sentence processing have used Indo-European languages to separately identify syntactic and semantic processing mechanisms. However, typologically distant languages such as Japanese use different sources of information in grammatical role assignments. Thus, we expected that the activation pattern during processing of anomalous sentences in Japanese would be at least partially different from that in other languages reported in previous studies. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure activation during judgments of the correctness of normal and anomalous sentences in native Japanese speakers. We presented simple Japanese sentences as auditory stimuli. Significant activation was found in the left middle and inferior frontal regions (pars orbitaris and pars triangularis) and the superior parietal lobule during processing of sentences with semantic violations. On the other hand, no preferential activation was found, except for the left anterior part of the superior temporal gyrus, during the processing of sentences with syntactic violations. Additionally, activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, which has been reported in previous studies using Indo-European languages, was not found in our study. The results support our assumption that the left inferior frontal gyrus plays a minor role in syntactic processing of simple Japanese sentences.
( Yuko Watanabe ),( Miyuki Nogawa ),( Yoshiaki Kawagoe ),( Hitomi Fujii ),( Takaichi Miyakawa ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: The national health survey in 2011 estimated nearly 20 million Japanese adults are being or possibly having diabetes mellitus. Treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus requires multiple oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) and/or insulin in the long run. In 2009, the . rst DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin launched, and currently seven DPP-4 inhibitors are available in Japan. Aim: We conducted this survey in order to reveal changes in pharmacological treatment pattern, especially before and after the introduction of DPP-4 inhibitors, and to delineate its ef. cacy on glycemic control. Methods: We reviewed the electric medical record from March 1st to May 31st in 2008, that is one year before the introduction of DPP-4 inhibitor, and the same period in 2013. As for pharmacological agents, we focused on six classes of OAD, Insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Primary outcomes were the number and proportion of patient using each drug. Secondary outcome was mean HbA<sub>1c</sub>. Statistical analyses were performed by JMP5.0.1J using SAS. Results: Total number of patient increased by 40 % in 5 years. While SU and BG users increased moderately and insulin users tended to decrease, DPP-4 inhibitors use reached to 65% of the patients in 2013 (Table). TZD use remained the same despite bladder or other cancer issue, mainly because our mean dose was less than 15mg/d (median 7.5mg/d). Glinides and AGI use declined rapidly probably due to the restriction on DPP-4 inhibitors when prescribed. HbA<sub>1c</sub> improved signi. cantly (P<0.05) compared to year 2008. Conclusions: The introduction of DPP-4 inhibitor made treatment pattern changed substantially, and glycemic control improved. Further study is needed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of multiple drug combinations.
Naoya Murakami,Miho Watanabe,Takashi Uno,Shuhei Sekii,Kayoko Tsujino,Takahiro Kasamatsu,Yumiko Machitori,Tomomi Aoshika,Shingo Kato,Hisako Hirowatari,Yuko Kaneyasu,Tomio Nakagawa,Hitoshi Ikushima,Ken 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.3
Objective: The purposes of this trial were to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy (HBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer patients in the phase I/II prospective clinical trial. Methods: Patients with FIGO stage IB2-IVA uterine cervical cancer pretreatment width of which was ≥5 cm measured by magnetic resonance imaging were eligible for this clinical trial. The protocol therapy included 30–30.6 Gy in 15–17 fractions of whole pelvic radiotherapy concurrent with weekly CDDP, followed by 24 Gy in 4 fractions of HBT and pelvic radiotherapy with a central shield up to 50–50.4 Gy in 25–28 fractions. The primary endpoint of phase II part was 2-year pelvic progression-free survival (PPFS) rate higher than historical control of 64%. Results: Between October 2015 and October 2019, 73 patients were enrolled in the initial registration and 52 patients proceeded to the secondary registration. With the median follow-up period of 37.3 months (range, 13.9–52.9 months), the 2- PPFS was 80.7% (90% confidence interval [CI]=69.7%–88%). Because the lower range of 90% CI of 2-year PPFS was 69.7%, which was higher than the historical control ICBT data of 64%, therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was met. Conclusion: The effectiveness of HBT were demonstrated by a prospective clinical study. Because the dose goal determined in the protocol was lower than 85 Gy, there is room in improvement for local control. A higher dose might have been needed for tumors with poor responses.
An Optimization Study of Hot Stamping Operation
Bonyoung Ghoo,Yasuyoshi Umezu,Yuko Watanabe,Ninshu Ma,Ron Averill 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6
In the present study, 3-dimensional finite element analyses for hot-stamping processes of Audi B-pillar product are conducted using JSTAMP/NV and HEEDS. Special attention is paid to the optimization of simulation technology coupling with thermal-mechanical formulations. Numerical simulation based on FEM technology and optimization design using the hybrid adaptive SHERPA algorithm are applied to hot stamping operation to improve productivity. The robustness of the SHERPA algorithm is found through the results of the benchmark example. The SHERPA algorithm is shown to be far superior to the GA (Genetic Algorithm) in terms of efficiency, whose calculation time is about 7 times faster than that of the GA. The SHERPA algorithm could show high performance in a large scale problem having complicated design space and long calculation time.
Influences of hard- and soft- segment ratios on pyrolysis behavior of polyurethane elastomers
( Yuya Nishiyama ),( Shogo Kumagai ),( Tomohito Kameda ),( Yuko Saito ),( Atsushi Watanabe ),( Suguru Motokucho ),( Hisayuki Nakatani ),( Toshiaki Yoshioka ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2019 No.1
Introduction Polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) are typical block copolymers which are composed of alternative hard segment (HS) and soft segment (SS), with the physical and chemical properties of them can be varied by changing HS and SS ratios. Pyrolysis is a promising method for polymeric wastes recycling because it can convert various polymers into chemical feedstock only by heat1). In this study, seven kinds of PUEs with different HS and SS ratios were synthesized (Fig. 1), then influences of hard- and soft-segment ratios on pyrolysis behavior were investigated. Methods, Results and discussion 1. Identification of pyrolysis products: Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was employed to characterize the pyrolysis products under elevated temperature shown in Fig. 2. All the PUEs produced MDI, MAI and MDA (Fig. 3) from HS through pyrolysis, which were formed by pyrolytic urethane bond cleavage via 4-membered and 6-membered transition states shown in Scheme1. 2. In-situ monitoring of ticpyrolysis products: In-situ monitoring of pyrolysis products, called evolved gas analysis-MS (EGA-MS), was performed under the same pyrolysis conditions as the previous section. EGA chromatogram and representative products are shown in Fig. 4. Pyrolysis of various PUEs with different HS and SS clearly showed presence of three pyrolysis zones. In the zone 1, HS decomposition products such as CO<sub>2</sub>, butanediol (BD) and MDI are generated from five PUEs having HS. This suggested that formation of isocyanate end shown in Scheme1-I was dominant at this temperature. In the zone 2, SS-derived products and CO<sub>2</sub> were mainly formed from the five PUEs with low HS ratios. MDI was not produced in this zone, while MAI and MDA were produced. These results revealed that the high temperature promoted formation of the amine end shown in Scheme1-Ⅱ. In addition, a part of the SS-derived product could be generated by decomposition of MDI between HS and SS. In the zone 3, SS-derived products were produced from all PUEs, and the SS decomposition was continued. Thus, the temperature-dependent pyrolysis behavior was proposed (Scheme2) based on the findings in this work. Conclusion Temperature-dependent pyrolysis behavior of PUEs with different hard- and soft-segment ratios was investigated through pyrolysis tests employing Py-GC/MS and EGA-MS techniques. The findings in this work will be helpful to control product selectivity and feedstock recovery through pyrolytic approach.
Yoshinori Sakurai,Hiroki Tanaka,Takushi Takata,Nozomi Fujimoto,Minoru Suzuki,Shinichiro Masunaga,Yuko Kinashi,Natsuko Kondo,Masaru Narabayashi,Yosuke Nakagawa,Tsubasa Watanabe,Koji Ono,Akira Maruhashi 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.1
At the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI), a clinical study of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using a neutron irradiation facility installed at the research nuclear reactor has been regularly performed since February 1990. As of November 2014, 510 clinical irradiations were carried out using the reactor-based system. The world’s first accelerator-based neutron irradiation system for BNCT clinical irradiation was completed at this institute in early 2009, and the clinical trial using this system was started in 2012. A shift of BCNT from special particle therapy to a general one is now in progress. To promote and support this shift, improvements to the irradiation system, as well as its preparation, and improvements in the physical engineering and the medical physics processes, such as dosimetry systems and quality assurance programs, must be considered. The recent advances in BNCT at KURRI are reported here with a focus on physical engineering and medical physics topics.