Fruit-Specific Expression of crtB, HpBHY, CrBKT and SlLCYB in a Special Tomato Landrace Triggers Hyper Production of Carotenoids in the Fruit

Lin Yuanyuan,He Mingxia,Wang Jielin,Huang Junchao 한국식물학회 2021 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.64 No.5

Tomato is a major source of dietary carotenoids that play an important role in human health. Improving the carotenoid profiles of tomato fruit has become a primary aspect in tomato breeding. The tomato ‘Huang Song’ landrace grows vigorously but with low contents of carotenoids in this yellowish fruit. To overcome this problem and extend lycopene to high-value astaxanthin, we co-expressed four genes encoding for phytoene synthase (crtB), β-carotene hydroxylase (BHY), β-carotene ketolase (BKT), and lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB), respectively, in the fruit of the landrace via linking the genes with 2A-sequences and driving their expression with the E8 promoter. The transgenic lines showed similar phenotypes to WT except for the fruit colors. The transgenic fruit exhibited deep red color due to the accumulation of novel ketocarotenoids including astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and ketolutein and enhanced production of native carotenoids which were 20 ~ 44-fold of the control. The T0, T1, and T2 plants exhibited similar growing status and carotenoid profiles, indicating that the transformants were genetically stable. The transgenes resulted in upregulation of most of the endogenous carotenogenic genes in fruit at mature green stage and more plastoglobules in chromoplast. This study provides insights into metabolic engineering of tomato for enhanced production of value-added carotenoids.

The genome of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L.

Huang, Sanwen,Li, Ruiqiang,Zhang, Zhonghua,Li, Li,Gu, Xingfang,Fan, Wei,Lucas, William J,Wang, Xiaowu,Xie, Bingyan,Ni, Peixiang,Ren, Yuanyuan,Zhu, Hongmei,Li, Jun,Lin, Kui,Jin, Weiwei,Fei, Zhangjun,Li Nature Publishing Group 2009 Nature genetics Vol.41 No.12

Cucumber is an economically important crop as well as a model system for sex determination studies and plant vascular biology. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Cucumis sativus var. sativus L., assembled using a novel combination of traditional Sanger and next-generation Illumina GA sequencing technologies to obtain 72.2-fold genome coverage. The absence of recent whole-genome duplication, along with the presence of few tandem duplications, explains the small number of genes in the cucumber. Our study establishes that five of the cucumber's seven chromosomes arose from fusions of ten ancestral chromosomes after divergence from Cucumis melo. The sequenced cucumber genome affords insight into traits such as its sex expression, disease resistance, biosynthesis of cucurbitacin and 'fresh green' odor. We also identify 686 gene clusters related to phloem function. The cucumber genome provides a valuable resource for developing elite cultivars and for studying the evolution and function of the plant vascular system.

Experimental Analysis of Vertical Deformation and Bearing Characteristics of Bridge Piles in High and Steep Slopes

Yuanyuan Wang,Ronggui Deng,Tao Guo,Yi Sun,Bo Huang,Qinke Wang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.3

More and more rigid frame bridges with high piers and large spans are built in the high and steep slope areas of deep valleys in southwest China. The slow deformation of the slope in the geological sense often causes the problems of piles, which in turn causes damage of the upper bridges. The vertical bearing characteristics of bridge piles in slope still need to be conducted because of the peculiarity of slope topography. The vertical deformation and bearing characteristics of piles in the slope area were experimentally studied by considering different influencing factors and the fitting formula for the ultimate bearing capacity of the piles under vertical load is obtained. The results show that the vertical deformation and ultimate bearing capacity (defined by vertical limit settlement deformation of 0.013 times the pile diameter) of the pile are closely related to its position in the slope. The pile in the middle of the slope has the lowest vertical ultimate bearing capacity. Moreover, the side frictional resistance transfer depth of the pile in continuous slope is greater than that of the pile in unilateral slope. Additionally, the slope angle has a significant influence on the vertical bearing performance of piles. The delayed settlement of the pile top decreases approximately 40% at most and the vertical ultimate bearing capacity of the pile increases 48.6% at most as the slope angle decreases by 15°. Meanwhile, the side friction resistance of the pile increases with the decrease of slope angle. The bending moment applied to the pile top reduces the vertical ultimate bearing capacity of the pile and increases the axial force of the pile body. The results can provide data support for pile design and instability judgment with similar geological conditions.

Contribution of Urine and Dung Patches from Grazing Sheep to Methane and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in an Inner Mongolian Desert Grassland

Jiang, Yuanyuan,Tang, Shiming,Wang, Chengjie,Zhou, Pei,Tenuta, Mario,Han, Guodong,Huang, Ding Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2

The effects of sheep urine and dung patches on methane ($CH_4$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) fluxes were investigated during the summer-autumn in 2010, to evaluate their contribution to climate change in a desert grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. Results indicate that the cumulative $CH_4$ emissions for dung patches, urine patches and control plots were -0.076, -0.084, and -0.114 g/$m^2$ and these were net $CH_4$ sinks during the measured period. The level of $CH_4$ intake from urine and dung plots decreased 25.7%, and 33.3%, respectively, compared with a control plot. $CO_2$ fluxes differed (p<0.01) in urine plots, with an average of 569.20 mg/$m^2$/h compared with control plots (357.62 mg/$m^2$/h) across all sampling days. Dung patches have cumulative $CO_2$ emissions that were 15.9% higher compared with the control during the 55-d period. Overall, sheep excrement weakened $CH_4$ intake and increased $CO_2$ emissions.

An Effective Krill Herd Algorithm for Numerical Optimization

Songwei Huang,Lifang He,Xu Si,Yuanyuan Zhang,Pengyu Hao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.7

The krill herd (KH) algorithm is a novel swarm intelligent algorithm which is inspired the herding behavior of the krill swarms. The various test results in the relevant literature show that the KH algorithm has better performance than the other swarm intelligent algorithm for optimization problem. In order to further improve the performance of the KH algorithm, an improved KH is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is performed on ten test functions and the results are compared with the basic KH algorithm, PSO, DE and GA algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the improved algorithm is a good method for numerical optimization problem.

Synthesis of LaMnO3–Diamond Composites and Their Photocatalytic Activity in the Degradation of Weak Acid Red C-3GN

Hao Huang,Benqian Lu,Yuanyuan Liu,Xeuqian Wang,Jie Hu 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2018 NANO Vol.13 No.10

In this study, a series of LaMnO3–diamond composites with varied LaMnO3 mass contents supported on micro-diamond have been synthesized using a sol–gel method. The as-prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Meanwhile, the photocatalytic performances were also tested by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectra (UV-Vis DRS) and the degradation of weak acid red C-3GN (RC-3GN). Results show that the peak position of LaMnO3 is shifted to low angle after the introduction of diamond, and perovskite particles uniformly distributed on the surface of diamond, forming a network structure, which can increase the active sites and the absorption of dye molecules. When the mass ratio of LaMnO3 and diamond is 1:2 (LMO–Dia-2), the composite shows the most excellent photocatalytic activity. This result offers a sample route to enlarge the range of the application of micro-diamond and provide a new carrier for perovskite photocatalysts.

Key Frame Detection Algorithm based on Dynamic Sign Language Video for the Non Specific Population

Li Shurong,Huang Yuanyuan,Hu Zuojin,Dai Qun 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.12

Analysis of the Transcriptome of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce Uncovers Putative Genes Involved in Isofavonoid Biosynthesis

Shengxiang Zhang,Yuanyuan Shi,Chunmiao Shan,Liqiang Zhao,Kelong Ma,Luqi Huang,Jiawen Wu 한국식물학회 2020 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.63 No.3

Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (P. odoratum) is a traditional Chinese herb. The isofavonoids of P. odoratum are important medicinal bioactive compounds for the treatment of hypoimmunity, rheumatic heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. This study used RNA sequencing to identify potential genes regulating isofavonoid biosynthesis in P. odoratum. To do this, we generated an overview of metabolic and secondary metabolic pathways, using MAPMAN, and identifed 96 genes encoding seven key enzymes involved in isofavonoid biosynthesis through their KEGG annotation. Alignment of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or chalcone synthase amino acid sequences revealed well-conserved sequences, spatial structures, and active sites. We also verifed the expression of key genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This analysis of the isofavonoid biosynthesis pathway and its crucial enzymes in P. odoratum lays the foundation for uncovering the regulatory mechanism of isofavonoid biosynthesis.

Whole RNA-sequencing and gene expression analysis of Trichoderma harzianum Tr-92 under chlamydospore-producing condition

Min Yuan,Yuanyuan Huang,Zhenhua Jia,Weina Ge,Lan Zhang,Qian Zhao,Shuishan Song,Yali Huang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.6

Background Trichoderma is one of the most important biocontrol fungi, which could produce mycelia, conidiospores, and chlamydospores three types of propagules under different conditions. Chlamydospores are produced in harsh conditions in various fungi, and may be more resistant to adverse conditions. However, the knowledge associated with the mechanism of chlamydospore formation remained unclear in Trichoderma. Objectives This study is aimed to explore the essential genes and regulatory pathways associated with chlamydospore formation in Trichoderma. Methods The culture condition, survival rate, and biocontrol effects of chlamydospores and conidiospores from Trichoderma. harzianum Tr-92 were determined. Furthermore, the whole transcriptome profiles of T. harzianum Tr-92 under chlamydospore-producing and chlamydospore-nonproducing conditions were performed. Results T. harzianum Tr-92 produced chlamydospores under particular conditions, and chlamydospore-based formulation of T. harzianum Tr-92 exhibited higher biocontrol ability against Botrytis cinerea in cucumber than conidoiospore-based formulation. In the transcriptome analysis, a total of 2,029 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T. harzianum Tr-92 under chlamydospore-producing condition, compared to that under chlamydospore-nonproducing condition. GO classification indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in 284 terms among biological process, cellular components and molecular function categories. A total of 19 pathways were observed with DEGs by KEGG analysis. Furthermore, fifteen DEGs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression profiles were consistent with the transcriptome data. Conclusion The results would provide a basis on the molecular mechanisms underlying Trichoderma sporulation, which would assist the development and application of fungal biocontrol agents.

Combined Cutinase and Keratinolytic Enzyme to Endow Improved Shrink-resistance to Wool Fabric

Nan Zhang,Panghui Huang,Ping Wang,Yuanyuan Yu,Man Zhou,Qiang Wang 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.4

The overlapping cuticle scales on the wool surface cause severe felting shrinkage during laundering. However, theconventional wool anti-felting processing mostly adopts dichloroisocyanurate (DCCA), which produces absorbable organichalogen (AOX) with high toxicity in the effluents and cause severe environmental problems. Herein, an environmentalfriendlyenzymatic method was proposed and investigated to endow satisfactory shrink-proofing property for wool fabricswithout severe damages. The cutinase from Thermobifida fusca and the keratinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis wereconsecutively used to treat wool fabrics for 4 h and 24 h, respectively. The area shrinkage of the resultant wool fabricsdecreased from 12.4 % to 5.86 % for to the cuticle was partly broken, which met the machine-washable requirement with anacceptable strength loss of 7.46 %. Moreover, the dyeability and wettability of the resultant fabric were improved after thecombined enzymatic treatments, due to the destruction of the lipid layer and breakdown of keratin by combined cutinase andkeratinolytic enzyme according to the analyses such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle. Overall, our result revealed that the synergistic actions of cutinase and keratinolyticenzyme treatments could effectively disintegrate cuticles and remove scales.