Locating Aftermaths : Politics of Re‐Scale and Cartographies of Connection in The Surrendered

Yu‐yen Liu 21세기영어영문학회 2013 21세기영어영문학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.09

북한과 중국의 영화 교류 연구(1956~1966)

유우 ( Liu¸ Yu ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2020 비교문화연구 Vol.59 No.-

본 논문은 1956년 북한에서 발발한 ‘8월 종파사건’을 기점으로 1966년 중국에서 문화대혁명이 본격적으로 시작되기 전에 이르는, 약 10년 동안 북한과 중국사이에 펼쳐진 영화 교류에 관한 역사를 다루고 있다. 북한이나 중국에서 영화는 모두 당보의 사설과 같이 호소성이 높은 예술형식으로 중요시되고 있다. 북한과 중국 간의 영화교류는 양국 정치ㆍ외교 관계의 상호 의존적 관계 속에서 이루어졌는데, 예술성을 탐구하거나 상업성을 추구하는 것보다는 정치적 소통의 의미가 컸다. 즉 영화는 국가 간 친선과 연대를 강화하는 동시에 공통적인 정치적 이데올로기를 선전하고 선동하는 보조적 수단으로서 뚜렷한 존재감을 나타냈다. 1950년 한국전쟁이 일어났음에도 불구하고 해방부터 지속해 온 북한과 중국의 영화교류 활동은 이어지고 있었다. 하지만 1956년 북한 ‘8월 종파사건’의 발발로 인해 과거 전쟁을 거쳐 이른바 ‘피로 맺어진 혈맹’으로 접어들었던 북ㆍ중 관계가 일시적으로 냉각되면서, 정치색이 짙은 영화교류에서 이례적 중단이 찾아왔다. 이때부터 양국은 협력과 밀착은 물론, 냉각과 굴절도 함께 경험해왔다. 특히 1950년대 말부터 북한 주둔 중국인민지원군의 완전 철수, 중ㆍ소 분쟁의 시작 등 역사적 사건으로 북한과 중국은 균열과 봉합을 겪으면서 양국 간 영화교류의 전개에 있어서도 색다른 양상을 보여주었다. 영화교류의 특징, 즉 수용적 측면에서 살펴보면 ‘반제’와 ‘사회주의 건설’이라는 두 가지 주제의 영화가 주류로 부상한다. 모든 것이 이데올로기와 체제를 뛰어넘기가 힘든 이 시기에 사회주의 리얼리즘 수법을 통한 역사의 재조명, 그리고 현실의 포착과 결부하여 당과 국가에 대한 충성심을 제고하게 만드는 것은 시종일관 중요시되어 온 영화의 대중교양적인 측면을 보여준다. This article focused on the history of the movie exchange between North Korea and China for approximately 10 years from the “August Incident” that debuted in North Korea in 1956 to the just before the cultural revolution began in China in 1966. In North Korea and China, all films are regarded as highly appealing art forms, such as editorials in the newspaper operated by the Communist Party. The movie exchange between North Korea and China occurred in a politically and diplomatically interdependent relationship between the two countries. However, the meaning of political communication was greater than exploring artistry or commercialism in both countries. The films strengthened friendship and solidarity between the nations, and at the same time, showed its influence as an auxiliary means to promote and incite common political ideology. Although the Korean War erupted in 1950, the movie exchanges between North Korea and China continued, which had been practiced since independence. However, as the relationship between North Korea and China temporarily cooled which had been cold since the ‘Blood Alliance’ through the war in the past due to the outbreak of the “August Incident” in North Korea in 1956, the movie exchanges met with an unusual suspension because of the intense political differences. Since then, the two countries have experienced cooperation and close contact, as well as cooling and refraction. In particular, North Korea and China experienced cracks and sutures regarding historical events since the late 1950s such as the complete withdrawal of Chinese troops stationed in North Korea and conflicts between China and the USSR. Different aspects in the development of movie exchanges between the two countries were shown. In terms of the characteristics of film exchange, that is, in terms of acceptance, movies on two themes such as “Anti-imperialism” and “Construction of the Socialist Country”, are emerging as mainstream thought. In this period when ideology and system could not be overcome, enhancing the loyalty to the Communist Party and the country, which had always been important, shows the mass culture aspect of the movie in connection with the re-illumination of history through socialist realism techniques and the capture of reality.

Effect of Cooking and Nutrition Education Increases Vegetable Consumption in Children: A Study Protocol

Yu Liu(Yu Liu) 한국공공가치학회 2022 공공가치연구 Vol.4 No.1

On the Physical and Mental Needs of Young Children in the Design of Kindergarten Indoor and Outdoor Environments

Liu Yu,KiBong Shin 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2021 No.12

A Study on Wood Properties and Pulping Performance of Willow (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu)

Yu Liu,Tai Guo,Gui-HuaYang,Hui-Mei Wang 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

Low-dose Radiation Induces Antitumor Effects and Erythrocyte System Hormesis

Yu, Hong-Sheng,Liu, Zi-Min,Yu, Xiao-Yun,Song, Ai-Qin,Liu, Ning,Wang, Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.7

Objective: Low dose radiation may stimulate the growth and development of animals, increase life span, enhance fertility, and downgrade the incidence of tumor occurrence.The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect and hormesis in an erythrocyte system induced by low-dose radiation. Methods: Kunming strain male mice were subcutaneously implanted with S180 sarcoma cells in the right inguen as an experimental in situ animal model. Six hours before implantation, the mice were given 75mGy whole body X-ray radiation. Tumor growth was observed 5 days later, and the tumor volume was calculated every other day. Fifteen days later, all mice were killed to measure the tumor weight, and to observe necrotic areas and tumor-infiltration-lymphoreticular cells (TILs). At the same time, erythrocyte immune function and the level of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) were determined. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of EPO and VEGFR of tumor tissues. Results: The mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation had a lower tumor formation rate than those without low dose radiation (P < 0.05). The tumor growth slowed down significantly in mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation; the average tumor weight in mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation was lighter too (P < 0.05). The tumor necrosis areas were larger and TILs were more in the radiation group than those of the group without radiation. The erythrocyte immune function, the level of 2,3-DPG in the low dose radiation group were higher than those of the group without radiation (P < 0.05). After irradiation the expression of EPO of tumor tissues in LDR group decreased with time. LDR-24h, LDR-48h and LDR-72h groups were all statistically significantly different from sham-irradiation group. The expression of VEGFR also decreased, and LDR-24h group was the lowest (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Low dose radiation could markedly increase the anti-tumor ability of the organism and improve the erythrocyte immune function and the ability of carrying $O_2$. Low-dose total body irradiation, within a certain period of time, can decrease the expression of hypoxia factor EPO and VEGFR, which may improve the situation of tumor hypoxia and radiosensitivity of tumor itself.

A Pseudo-Plastic Engagement Effect on the Toughening of Discontinuous Fiber-reinforced Brittle Composites

Liu, Xiao Yu,Yan, Wei Dong,Liang, Nai Gang 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.3

In brittle composites, such as whisker reinforced ceramics, the sliding of reinforcing fibers against the frictional resistance of matrix is of a pseudo-plastic deformation mechanism. High aspect-ratio whiskers possess larger pseudo-plastic deformation ability but are usually sparse; while, low aspect-ratio ones were distributed widely in the matrix and show low pseudo-plastic deformation ability (engagement effect), also. A comparative investigation was carried out in present study based on a multi-scale network model. The results indicate that the effect of low aspect-ratio whiskers is of most importance. Improving the engagement coefficient by raising the compactness of material seems a more practical way for optimization of discontinuous fiber-reinforced brittle composites in the present technological condition.

Sputum Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Metabolic Pathways and Signatures Associated With Inflammatory Phenotypes in Patients With Asthma

Liu Ying,Zhang Xin,Zhang Li,Oliver Brian G,Wang Hong Guang,Liu Zhi Peng,Chen Zhi Hong,Wood Lisa,Hsu Alan Chen-Yu,Xie Min,McDonald Vanessa,Wan Hua Jing,Luo Feng Ming,Liu Dan,Li Wei Min,Wang Gang 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: The molecular links between metabolism and inflammation that drive different inflammatory phenotypes in asthma are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the metabolic signatures and underlying molecular pathways of different inflammatory asthma phenotypes. Methods: In the discovery set (n = 119), untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to characterize the induced sputum metabolic profiles of asthmatic patients with different inflammatory phenotypes using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and pathway topology enrichment analysis. In the validation set (n = 114), differential metabolites were selected to perform targeted quantification. Correlations between targeted metabolites and clinical indices in asthmatic patients were analyzed. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were established to assess the association between metabolites and severe asthma exacerbations. Results: Seventy-seven differential metabolites were identified in the discovery set. Pathway topology analysis uncovered that histidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were involved in the pathogenesis of different asthma phenotypes. In the validation set, 24 targeted quantification metabolites were significantly expressed between asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Finally, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (adjusted relative risk [adj RR] = 1.000; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.050), allantoin (adj RR = 1.000; 95% CI = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.043) and nicotinamide (adj RR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.000–1.002; P = 0.021) were demonstrated to predict severe asthma exacerbation rates. Conclusions: Different inflammatory asthma phenotypes have specific metabolic profiles in induced sputum. The potential metabolic signatures may identify therapeutic targets in different inflammatory asthma phenotypes.

The Lived Experience of First-time Mothers with Congenital Heart Disease

Liu Yu-Ting,Lu Chun-Wei,Mu Pei-Fan,Shu Ying-Mei,Chen Chi-Wen 한국간호과학회 2022 Asian Nursing Research Vol.16 No.3

Purpose: Nowadays most children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are expected to survive to adulthood. The healthcare focus needs to pay close attention to the important developmental tasks during their growth process. The women with CHD face some challenges in their critically developmental stages during pregnancy, delivery, and even motherhood. The lived experience of being a mother needs to be further concerned. This study aimed to explore the lived experience of first-time mothers with CHD. Methods: Descriptive phenomenological design was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from April to August 2018 with 11 primiparous women with CHD, who were recruited from the pediatric and adult cardiology outpatient departments at a medical center and who had a child aged between 6 months and 3 years. Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method was employed. Results: Six main themes arose from the analysis: (1) recognizing pregnancy risks, (2) performing selfcare for health, (3) building self-worth from my baby, (4) adapting to postpartum life and adjusting priorities, (5) enjoying being a first-time mother, and (6) the factors contributing to success in high-risk childbirth. Conclusions: The experiences that occurred prior to and after labor that were identified in this study can assist women with CHD to more capably prepare for and understand the process of becoming a mother, including recognition of the importance of a prepregnancy evaluation. The findings of this study can help women with CHD to better understand the path to becoming a mother and prepare themselves for the challenges that lie ahead.

Sputtered Nanoporous PtNi Thin Film Cathodes with Improved Thermal Stability for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Liu, Kang-Yu,Yoon, Yong Jin,Lee, Seong Hyuk,Su, Pei-Chen Elsevier 2017 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.247 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanoporous PtNi alloy thin film was demonstrated to effectively improve the thermal stability of cathode under high temperature fuel cell operation. The grain growth, which indicates the agglomeration of the nanoparticles, were constrained, as observed by comparing the surface morphologies and grain sizes in bulk of film between pure Pt and PtNi alloy cathodes. The constrained grain growth by alloying with Ni maintained the porosity in bulk of cathode film for sufficient cathode oxygen diffusion and adsorption/dissociation processes. Fuel cell using Pt<SUB>67</SUB>-Ni<SUB>33</SUB> cathode better maintained the output current density than the cell using pure Pt cathode by 26% after 48hours of continuous operation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Alloying Pt with Ni had hindered the thermal agglomeration by constraining grain growth. </LI> <LI> The porosity of PtNi thin film cathode was preserved under operating at 450°C for 48hours. </LI> <LI> Improved long-term thermal stability of cell using PtNi alloy cathode over pure Pt cathode. </LI> <LI> Alloying of Ni with Pt also improved the cathode oxygen reduction reaction kinetics. </LI> </UL> </P>