혐오와 관용의 관점에서 “이방인(난민)” 바라보기

김용환 ( Kim¸ Yong Hwan ) 한국가톨릭철학회 2018 가톨릭철학 Vol.0 No.31

혐오감정은 싫어하고 미워하는 여러 대상들에 대해 말과 행위로 표현되는 부정적이고 파괴적인 집단 감정이다. 여성, 성소수자, 외국인 노동자, 탈북 주민 그리고 난민 등에 대한 혐오 감정의 만연은 다문화 사회에 들어선 우리 사회에 위험 신호로 받아들여지고 있다. 해결이 요구되는 시급한 현실문제이다. 2절에서는 혐오감정을 홉스, 데카르트, 스피노자 그리고 흄 같은 근대철학자들이 어떻게 이해하고 있는가를 설명하고 있다. 3절에서는 혐오감정의 두 가지 기능(긍정적 기능과 부정적 기능)을 혐오감정의 두 가지 기원과 관련해서 설명하고 있다. 혐오감정의 기원에 관해서는 마사 누스바움의 이론, 즉 원초적 혐오와 투사적 혐오로 구분하여 소개하고 있다. 4절에서는 혐오감정의 세 가지 특징을 설명하고 있다. 5절에서는 난민 문제를 둘러싼 복잡한 구조적 문제를 다루고 있다. 난민문제에는 한국 사회의 경제적 불확실성이 자리잡고 있으며, 특히 청년 세대들에게서 난민에 대해 부정적 시각을 보이는 배경으로 이해되고 있다. 또 난민 문제에는 종교적, 문화적 갈등이 잠복되어 있는 복잡성이 놓여 있다. 이슬람 포비아와 인종차별주의가 혐오감정의 배후에 놓여 있다. 6절에서는 난민문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 관용의 윤리를 제안하고 있다. 관용은 자유주의 덕목이며, 유가의 덕목인 서의 실천과 동일하다. 관용의 실천을 통해 이방인(난민)들을 바라보는 시각의 변경이 복잡하게 얽혀 있는 난민 문제를 해결할 수 있는 하나의 실마리가 될 것이다. It is a growing concern that so-called hate-ism(hate emotion) against women, gender minority, foreign workers and refugees is spreading widely in our society. Therefore this study aims to tackle the hate-rade problem from tolerance point of view. First of all, I have briefly looked at how modern philosophers viewed the emotion of hatred. Martha Nussbaum paid attention to hate emotion(disgust) in connection with human discrimination. She distinguished the forms of disgust into two; original and projective disgust. In this article, I focused on the latter form of disgust which is the main origin of prejudice and discrimination against social minorities. The projective disgust has three characteristics including silence effects, mirroring and backlash phenomena as its reactions. In section 5, I have analysed rather complicated structures of refugee’s issues which are intermingled with religious, racial and cultural prejudices. According to the poll from Jungang daily newspaper, 61.1% of Korean people have negative perspective on accepting Yemenite refugees. I have tried to find out the reasons why we are so nervous about foreign labours from under-developed countries in general and refugees in particular. I suggested that the fear against refugees taking job opportunities and social security issues that are rather exaggerated by false informations are the part of reasons behind such anxiety. In section 6, I proposed that the ethics of tolerance can be a solution we can adopt to tackle the challenges we are facing. It might help to change the negative perspective over refugees.

정보화 시대의 교수-학습 변화에 대응하는 고등학교 건축계획 방향에 관한 연구

이용환(Lee Yonghwan),이용환(Lee Yonghwan) 한국디지털디자인학회 2011 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.11 No.4

A creative personality is needed to survive in the information society. Therefore it is imperative for schools to carry out fundamental changes in the educational system to cultivate creative manpower. The major factor to such fundamental changes is 'information education system.' It is believed that schools can significantly improve the effects of learning by using a variety of high-tech tools and equipment in the classroom through u-Learing system. Schools have focused so far on student-oriented education. As the roles of schools however have been increasingly emphasized in the information society community-centered functions are now additionally required. 새로운 정보화시대로의 변화에 대한 미래 교육은 기술의 교육적 활용으로 추진되었던 ICT 활용교육 e-러닝 등의 교육정보화 정책 추진에 변화와 함께 보다 교육의 본질적 차원에서의 접근이 더욱이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 유비쿼터스 사회에 적합한 유러닝 교수-학습체제 학교를 구현하기 위해서 정부의 7차 교육과정과 미래형 8차 교육과정에 의해 시행되어지고 있는 고등학교 교수-학습의 건축공간이 유러닝(u-Learning) 교수-학습시스템의 적용으로 인해 변화하는 미래 학교건축의 건축적 방향을 제시함으로써 국가정책 사업으로 추진하고 있는 유러닝을 고도화사업에 기여하며 미래 학교시설에 관한 정책을 입안하는데 필요한 기초 자료가 되고자하는데 의의가 있다.

A Time-Domain Approach for the Second-Order Diffraction Problem Around Circular Cylinders in Random Waves

YONGHWAN KIM 한국해양공학회 2001 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

This study concentrates on the second-order diffraction problem around circular cylinders in multi-frequency waves. The method of solution is a time-domain Rankine panel method which adopts a higher-order approximation for the velocity potential and wave elevation. In the present study, the multiple second-order quadratic transfer functions are extracted from the second-order time signal generated in random waves, and the comparison with other bench-mark test results shows a good agreement. This approach is directly applicable to prediction of nonlinear forces on offshore structures in random ocean.

Influences of body mass index and physical activity on hypertension and stroke in Korean adult males: 10-year longitudinal study

( Yonghwan Kim ),( Haemi Jee ) 한국운동영양학회 2017 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.21 No.2

[Purpose] Hypertension and stroke have been major causes of increased mortality and social and economic burden in Korea. Although physical activity is one of the critical factors for managing adult diseases, studies on the long-term effects are rarely discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of physical activity in hypertension and stroke via a 10-year longitudinal study. [Methods] Routinely performed health examination data of 5,624,503 Korean men between ages 20 to 70 obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES: 2001-2011) were assessed for this study. Data of subjects who met the initial criteria were divided into three groups based on their BMI: normal weight (18.5 to <25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0 to <30.0 kg/m2), and obese (≥30.0 kg/ m2) groups. The results were further sub-divided by physical activity frequencies (days/ week). The disease codes for hypertension and stroke were provided by KNHNES for the adjusted relative risks (RR) assessment with the Cox proportional hazard model. [Results] Significant RRs of hypertension and stroke were shown in the overweight moderately active group (3 - 4 days/week). In addition, significant RR of hypertension was shown in the normal weight moderately active group. No significance was seen in the obese group in all physical activity frequencies. [Conclusion] Regularly performed moderate amount of physical activity may be beneficial in reducing the risk for hypertension and stroke. However, the effects of excessive body weight may override the positive effects of physical activity on the occurrence of hypertension and stroke.

The Impact of Chinese Interbank Liquidity Risk on Global Commodity Markets

Yonghwan Jo,Jihee Kim,Francisco Santos 한국재무학회 2017 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11

We show how interbank liquidity risk in China impacts the commodity futures risk premium across the world through commodity nancing deals. Investors import commodities, collateralize them, and invest high-yielding shadow banking products to exploit the high-interest rate dierences under capital controls and nancial frictions in China. We reveal that the Chinese commercial banks act as market makers of the shadow banking system in China, and they use the interbank market to resolve the associated maturity mismatch. If maturity mismatch risk intensies, the demand for commodities as collaterals would reduce. To sum up, we empirically show both predictive and contemporaneous relations when interbank liquidity risk in China increases, measured by the 3-month and the overnight interbank loan rates, the commodity futures risk premium decreases due to contractions in the hedging demands for commodity nancing deals. Our ndings are robust with regard to other channels not related to commodity nancing deals.

Hierarchical Decision

Yonghwan Lee(이용환) 한국디자인학회 2022 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2022 No.9

A personalized lane keeping system for autonomous vehicles based on recurrent neural network with temporal dependencies

Yonghwan Jeong 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2

This paper presents a personalized lane keeping system for an autonomous vehicle using recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short term memory (LSTM) cell. The proposed algorithm is trained by datasets collected by manual driving of three drivers. The collected driving data is analyzed for the target lane offset and responsiveness to the road curvature of each driver. 178744 and 76605 datasets are used to train and validate the LSTMRNN based model. An encoder is used to standardize the input feature to improve the accuracy of network training. The proposed lane keeping algorithm for each driver has been evaluated through prediction accuracy analysis and simulation study using MATLAB/Simulink and Carsim. 99.7 % of the prediction error of steering wheel angle was bounded between -0.87 deg to 0.89 deg with mean of 0.01 deg. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm precisely modeled the lane keeping characteristics of three drivers.

Composition and abundance of wood-boring beetles inhabited in pine trees

Yonghwan Park,Su-Kyung Kim,Il-Kown Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2021 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

Implementation of an Image Grabber System for Medical Image Examination

YongHwan Ban,JeongTae Hwang,SangJoon Ryu,YoungChul Kim 대한전자공학회 2004 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.2004 No.8

A New Notification System in the Analog Watch-Based Smartwatches

Yonghwan Yim,Jaemoon Sim,Kyungdoh Kim 대한인간공학회 2018 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5