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Park, Minkyu,Park, Jongsun,Kim, Seungill,Kwon, Jin‐,Kyung,Park, Hye Mi,Bae, Ik Hyun,Yang, Tae‐,Jin,Lee, Yong‐,Hwan,Kang, Byoung‐,Cheorl,Choi, Doil Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 The Plant journal Vol.69 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Although plant genome sizes are extremely diverse, the mechanism underlying the expansion of huge genomes that did not experience whole‐genome duplication has not been elucidated. The pepper, <I>Capsicum annuum</I>, is an excellent model for studies of genome expansion due to its large genome size (2700 Mb) and the absence of whole genome duplication. As most of the pepper genome structure has been identified as constitutive heterochromatin, we investigated the evolution of this region in detail. Our findings show that the constitutive heterochromatin in pepper was actively expanded 20.0–7.5 million years ago through a massive accumulation of single‐type <I>Ty3/Gypsy</I>‐like elements that belong to the Del subgroup. Interestingly, derivatives of the Del elements, such as non‐autonomous long terminal repeat retrotransposons and long‐unit tandem repeats, played important roles in the expansion of constitutive heterochromatic regions. This expansion occurred not only in the existing heterochromatic regions but also into the euchromatic regions. Furthermore, our results revealed a repeat of unit length 18–24 kb. This repeat was found not only in the pepper genome but also in the other solanaceous species, such as potato and tomato. These results represent a characteristic mechanism for large genome evolution in plants.</P>
Kim, Cheorl-Ho,Lee, Tae-Kyun,Chung, Ji-Choen,Park, Won-Hwan,Kim, June-Ki,Kim, Yong-Ju,Park, Sun-Dong,Nam, Kyung-Soo,Kim, Yong-Sung 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1999 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.2
FoLT-PCR 기술을 인체체질의하적 응용을 위하여 당뇨병연구에 사용하였다. 당뇨병은 제1형 및 제2형으로 나뉘는데 제1형은 인슈린비의존성(NIDDM)으로 당뇨병환자의 약60%이상을 차지하며, 제2형은 인슈린의존성(IDBM)으로 당뇨병환자의 30%미만을 차지한다. 이들은 대부분 후천적으로 환경중에서의 인슈린관련 유전자의 돌연변이에 의해 발병하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 당뇨병의 병인을 유전적변이와 체질의학적 관계에서 고찰하기 위하여 수행되었다. NIDDM환자와 IDDM환자를 대상으로 인슈린유전자를 증폭하여 제한효소절단 양상과 염기배열분석을 하였다. 비암호영역중 4개 위치 +216, +1045, +1367, 및 +1380에서 다형성을 보였으며 새로운 α4, α5, α6 및 β2이 α1과 β1가 이형(heterozygous)에서만 검출되며 α1은 우성이며 신규형들과 β1은 열성이었다. 이러한 당뇨병병인은 유전학적으로 체질의학과 깊은 관계를 가지는 것을 시사하였다. A simple and rapid FoLT(formamide low temperature)-PCR, whereby human genomic DNA from blood can be amplified without DNA preparative stps, is described using human insulin genes. By applicatin of FoLT-PCR in human insulin genes, intragenic polymorphism in non-coding regions of the human insulin gene was shown after amplification and analysis by restriction enzyme digestion. All nucleotide sequences were the same as the reported, and four necleotides, at 4 different positions were polymorphic, and polymorphic alleles α4, α5, α6, and β2 were identified. The new alleles were originated from homologous recombination between the α1 and β1 alleles, and the alleles were founded in heterozygotes only. Althouughallele α1 was dominant, the new alleles and β1 were recessive. From this results, it was suggested that the new method of FoLT-PCR was highly applicable in genetic variation analysis.
Genome Mapping of an Extreme Thermophile, Thermus caldophilus GK24
Park, Jong Hoon,Park, Byung Chul,Koch, Suk Hoon,Kim, Joong Soo,Koh, Jeong Heon,Yang, Moon Hee,Kim, Yong Sung,Kim, Cheorl Ho,Kim, Myoung Hee,Kwon, Suk Tae,Lee, Dae-Sil Korea Genome Organization 2003 Genomics & informatics Vol.1 No.1
Genome of an extreme thermophile, Thermus caldophilus GK24 has been analyzed to construct the genomic map. The genomic DNAs encapsulated in agarose gel were digested with SspI, EcoRI, SpeI, and HpaI restriction endonucleases, and then the resulting genomic DNA fragments were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Its restriction map has been constructed by analyzing sizes of the restriction fragments obtained from both complete and partial digestions. The circular form of its genome was composed of about 1.98 Mbp and a megaplasmid. The genomic loci for the genes of xylose isomerase, thioredoxin, tRNA-16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, L5 ribosomal protein, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, DNA-ligase, and Tca DNA polymerase were determined by both Southern hybridization and PCR.
Suppressive effects of bee venom on the immune responses in collagen-induced arthritis in rats
Kim, Kyung-Woon,Shin, Yong-Seung,Kim, Kap-Sung,Chang, Young-Chae,Park, Kwan-Kyu,Park, Jae-Bok,Choe, Jung-Yoon,Lee, Kwang-Gill,Kang, Mi-Suk,Park, Young-Guk,Kim, Cheorl-Ho Elsevier 2008 Phytomedicine Vol.15 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The effect of bee venom (BVA) on the development of type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats has been studied. Male rats were immunized with an emulsion of 200μg of CII and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The rats were then given intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection of a suspension of BVA or saline during the experiment. The effect of BVA on cellular responses to CII was examined. In the control rats, the onset of arthritis was observed at the 24th day after the CII-immunization, and the severity of CIA was developed gradually. As compared with rats treated with saline, BVA i.p. injected at doses of more than 20μl/100g mouse once a day for 14 days inhibited the ability of inguinal lymph node cells to produce T cell cytokines interleukin-1<I>β</I>, -2, -6, tumor necrosis factor-<I>α</I> and interferon-<I>γ</I> when the cells were obtained from rats 24 days after immunization and cultured <I>in vitro</I> with CII. When rats were injected i.p. with sheep red blood cells, hemagglutination titers in BVA-treated and control rats did not differ significantly when low doses of BVA was given to rats. However, i.p. injection of BVA at doses of more than 10μl/100g/day suppressed antibody production. Pretreatment of rats with BVA could inhibit the development of collagen arthritis even when 10–20μl/100g/day of the BVA were used for pretreatment. Interestingly, higher doses than 10μlBVA/100g mouse were much effective for arthritis incidence. Treatment of rats with BVA prevented the development of collagen arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. Doses of BVA (15 and 20μl/100g) resulted in decreased incidence of arthritis. In conclusion, therapeutic i.p injection with BVA improved the clinical course of the disease and the immune response to CII.</P>
Kang, Sung-Koo,Kim, Yong-Sam,Kong, Yun-Jeong,Song, Kwon-Ho,Chang, Young-Chae,Park, Young-Guk,Ko, Jeong-Heon,Lee, Young-Choon,Kim, Cheorl-Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Proteomics Vol.8 No.16
<P>By employing proteomics analysis tool, we examined the effects of GD3 synthase expression on the differentiation properties of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-derived leukemia cells K562. Forced expression of GD3 synthase induced erythroid differentiation as determined by an increase in glycophorin A expression and synthesis of hemoglobins. The proteomic analysis revealed that 15 proteins were increased by GD3 synthase. In contrast, we observed three protein gel spots decreased in contents in the cell membranes of GD3 synthase-transfected K562 cells. Among the increased proteins, membrane transglutaminase 2 (TG2) was specifically increased in the cell membrane of GD3 synthase-transfected K562 cells. Then, we generated the GD3 synthase-transfected cells in the K562 cells. Interestingly, the TG2 level was increased in GD3 synthase-transfected cells compared with vector- and plasma membrane-associated ganglioside sialidase (Neu3)-transfected cells. In addition, its ability to be photoaffinity-labeled with [α-<SUP>32</SUP>P]GTP was also increased in the GD3 synthase- and TG2-transfected cells. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) analysis for the GD3 synthase showed the decrease or abolishment of the membrane TG2. Finally, GD3 synthase-transfected cells accelerated the erythroid differentiation. Therefore, we propose that the recruitment of TG2 into membranes by GD3 might play an important role in the erythroid differentiation in K562 cells.</P>
( Hyun Ji Cho ),( Jeong Han Kang ),( Kwan Kyu Park ),( Jung Yoon Choe ),( Yoon Yub Park ),( Yong Suk Moon ),( Ii Kyung Chung ),( Hyeun Wook Chang ),( Cheorl Ho Kim ),( Yung Hyun Choi ),( Wun Jae Kim ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0
BACKGROUND: Bee venom has been used to relieve pain and to treat inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, in humans. To better understand the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis effect of bee venom, gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins whose expression was altered in human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (hVSMCs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha after 12 h in the presence of melittin. RESULTS: To obtain valuable insights into the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of melittin, two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF were used. The proteomestudy, we showed 33 significant proteins that were differentially expressed in the cells treated withtumor necrosis factor alpha and melittin. Thirteen proteins were significantly increased in the cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha, and those proteins were reduced in the cells treated with melittin. Five of the proteins that showed increased expression in the cells treated with tumor necrosisfactor alpha are involved in cell migration, including calreticulin, an essential factor of development that plays a role in transcription regulation. The proteins involved in cell migration were reduced in the melittin treated cells. The observed changes in the expression of GRP75, prohibitin, and a select group of other proteins were validated with reverse transcribed-PCR. It was confirmed that the observed change in the protein levels reflected a change in the genes level. In addition, the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK was validated by analyzing the protein pathway. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data established that the expression of some proteins was significantly changed by melittin treatment in tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulated the cells and provided insights into the mechanism of the melittin function for its potential use as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Jeong Ran Kim,Bong Seok Kang,Jeong Heon Ko,Jin Suk Park,Sang Jae Kim,Gil Hwan Bai,Tae Ho Chung,Kyung Soo Nam,Yong Kyung Choi,In Sung Choe,Tae Wha Chung,Young Choon Lee,Cheorl Ho Kim 생화학분자생물학회 1996 BMB Reports Vol.29 No.6
Clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. terrae complex, M. gordonae. M. auium-intracellulae complex, and M. fortuitum from Korean patients were isolated and analyzed by comparing large restriction fragment (LRF) patterns produced by digestion of genomic DNA with infrequent-cutting endonucleases like Asnl and Xbal, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Three M. tuberculosis, two M. terrae complex, two M gordonae, two M auium-intracellulae complex, and two M. fortuitum strains were compared by using Asnl and Xbal, and this allowed easy visual separation of all epidemiologically unrelated strains. PFGE exhibits different DNA restriction patterns which are easy to compare. Genome size of the strains roughly ranged from 3020 to 3335 kb. The LRF patterns are useful for epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis with regard to drug resistance.