http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Determination of representative volume element in concrete under tensile deformation
L/ . Skarz· yn´ski,J. Tejchman 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2012 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.9 No.1
The 2D representative volume element (RVE) for softening quasi-brittle materials like concrete is determined. Two alternative methods are presented to determine a size of RVE in concrete subjected to uniaxial tension by taking into account strain localization. Concrete is described as a heterogeneous threephase material composed of aggregate, cement matrix and bond. The plane strain FE calculations of strain localization at meso-scale are carried out with an isotropic damage model with non-local softening.
Formation of Crystalline Metal Nanoparticles by Marine Isolates and Their Microbial Consortium
Yn, Lee Shi,Lee, Yang Soo,Sathishkumar, Muthuswamy,Krishnamurthy, Sneha,Yun, Yeoung-Sang American Society of Civil Engineers 2016 Journal of environmental engineering Vol.142 No.9
<P>The present study reports that microbes from marine sediments can reduce noble metal ions (Au, Ag, and Pt) to their nanoparticles (NPs). The microbes were initially screened for the synthesis of gold (Au) NPs through bioreduction. The cell-free extracts (CFE) of the most promising strain, Photobacterium sp. (MB 8), was further subjected to the synthesis of Ag, Au, and Pt NPs. The resulting metal NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results revealed the presence of well-dispersed NPs in the presence of CFE. The residual concentration of metal ions was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the NPs confirmed the presence of crystalline Au and AgCl NPs. However, no peaks for the presence of crystalline Pt were observed. X-ray photon spectrometry (XPS) analysis of NPs obtained from synthetic wastewater confirmed the formation of nano-sized zero-valent Au and Ag. The consortium of microbes was found to be more efficient in bioreduction of ionic metals to zero-valent form than an individual strain.</P>
Yn, P.,Egan, A.R.,Lenry, B.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.7
The effects of dry roasting whole faba beans (WFB) and whole lupin seeds (WLS) at 110, 130 or $150{^{\circ}C}$ for 15, 30 or 45 min on rumen (RDCP%), estimated intestinal (IDCP%) and total tract disappearance of CP (TDCP%) and intestinal availability (IARUCP%) of rumen undegraded CP (RUCP%) were determined. The RDCP values were estimated by in sacco technique by incubating nylon bags for 8, 12 and 24 h in the rumen of dairy cows. The IDCP and IARUCP values were estimated using a sequence of ruminal incubation, in vitro incubation in acid-pepsin for 1 h and then in pancreatin for 24 h of three-step in vitro procedure technique. Dry roasting at 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ decreased RDCP with correspondingly increasing IDCP. The IDCP value generally increased from 12.3(raw) to 8.6, 14.8 and 39.6% (WFB) and from 28.3 (raw) to 33.7, 36.2 and 56.2% (WLS) at 8 h rumen incubation; from 2.9 (raw) to 2.9, 4.6 and 23.3% (WFB) and from 19.6 (raw) to 19.0, 24.0 and 46.6% (WLS) at 12 h rumen incubation; from 1.3 (raw) to 1.9, 1.7 and 11.0% (WFB) and from 4.4 (raw) to 4.2, 10.7 and 36.7% (WLS) at 12 h rumen incubation as the temperatures rose to 110, 130 and $150{^{\circ}C}$ respectively. The TDCP values were always high and increased by time in the rumen, the average values of which were 97.9, 96.6; 99.2, 96.9 and 99.6, 98.7% for WFB and WLS, respectively, at 8, 12 and 24 h rumen incubation. But within the same retention time, TDCP was generally unchanged. The average IARUCP increased from 87.3 (raw) to 87.4, 88.7 and 92.0% (WFB); from 87.6 (raw) to 88.9, 91.5 and 93.0% (WLS) at roasting temperatures of 110, 130 and $150{^{\circ}C}$, respectively. It was concluded that dry roasting can shift the digestion of CP from rumen to the lower gastrointestinal tract without depressing the digestion of RUCP. The best processing condition in this study was dry roasting at $150{^{\circ}C}$ for 45 min in terms of effects on the disappearances and availability of CP. Research data on intestinal availability of individual amino acids need to be further investigated.