한국 근대 여성문학의 탄생과 형성 ―근대 초기∼식민지기―

김양선 ( Yangsun Kim ) 한림과학원 2020 개념과 소통 Vol.- No.26

This article examines the birth and formation of women's literature during the early modern and colonial periods. Instead of the typical approach, which is writer-centered, comprising flat female literary and historical description, this paper focuses on the discovery and development of modern female subjects, the rise and decline of the dominant social order, and the emergence of major trends and works indicative of turning points in women's literary history. In the first section, The Appearance of Learned Women and Individuals in Joseon, traces the emergence of women writing in public spheres such as newspapers and women's magazines in the early modern era, which marked the birth of women's literary history. Contributions by women readers to the Imperial Newspaper, the Independent Newspaper, Maeil Shinbo, and Mansebo adopted the prevailing national discourse of equality rather than one of difference or enlightenment. Na Hye-seok, Kim Il-yeop and Kim Myung-soon, who have been ousted from modern literary history, insisted that they were women and also writers; they combined enlightening, orthodox writing with literary, aesthetic writing. Their work clearly imprinted their presence in the public sphere: expressing voices of confession, revealing the situation of progressive women, i.e. New Women, in colonial Joseon, and showing the collective intelligence of the community through their narrative. In the second section, Colonial Reality and the Appearance of Socialist Women vs Reflective Intellectual Women, discusses the formative period of modern women's literature, with the emergence of writers of socialist realism such as Park Hwa-sung, Song Gye-wol, and Kang Kyung-ae, and also the transition from socialist women writers to reflective intellectuals around 1935. Women's literature in the first half of the 1930s is distinct from the previous period in that it realistically embodied the lives of women in the lower classes and those of older women, exploring the possibility of transforming these lives through socialism. Women's literature from the latter 1930s, has tended to be seen as the return of New Women in their 20s. These works showed the experiences and ethical situations of women, reflectively dissecting the love and marriage system as it affected young women and mothers. Some of these works criticized women for playing the role of the pliable, domestic woman, while caricaturing the established authority of men. In conclusion, this article, which gives a genealogical overview of the birth and formation of women's literature, shows that women in the early modern and colonial periods engaged in a variety of writing practices. Women's literature led to women's voices being heard in the public square, and was constantly creating gaps for resistance to widen. This paper significantly contradicts existing literary history, revealing truths and values which have been previously neglected or ignored.

<i>In situ</i> Identification and Localization of IGHA2 in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment by Mass Spectrometry

Kang, Suki,Maeng, Heysun,Kim, Baek Gil,Qing, Gao Ming,Choi, Yoon Pyo,Kim, Hak Yong,Kim, Pan Soo,Kim, Yangsun,Kim, Young Hwan,Choi, Young Deuk,Cho, Nam Hoon American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Vol.11 No.9

<P>Modifications in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a major role in the establishment, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a powerful technique that enables the simultaneous identification and localization of biological compounds within tissues. To detect markers of early TME remodeling in invasive breast cancer, we used MALDI-MSI to compare the molecular profiles of tissues from the breast cancer interface zone, tumor zone, and normal-tissue zone. Using direct-tissue MALDI tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we identified immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 2 (IGHA2) as a new, zone-specific protein in the breast TME. The zone-specific expression of IGHA2 was verified by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis. IGHA2 expression was consistently positive in tumor cells that were metastatic to regional nodes, with intense expression along the cytoplasmic borders. As a factor related to an increased percentage of nodes with tumor metastasis, IGHA2 expression was upregulated 3.745-fold in cases with an increased number of cancerous nodes (<I>p</I> = 0.0468). Our results provide the first evidence of IGHA2 as a marker of the early process of TME remodeling in invasive breast cancer. Furthermore, IGHA2 may be a novel marker for regional metastases in the lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jprobs/2012/jprobs.2012.11.issue-9/pr3003672/production/images/medium/pr-2012-003672_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/pr3003672'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Analysis of Heavy Metals and Formaldehyde Migrated from Wooden Wares in Contact with Food

SungMin Lee,HyeMi Kim,YongChjun Park,HoYeon Lee,SuJin Seo,EunJung Kim,YangSun Kim,HyunUk Kim,SangKoo Park,JiSu Choi,BoKyung Park,WooRi Kim,EunJu Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2019 No.10

Mass Spectrometric Screening of Ovarian Cancer with Serum Glycans

Kim, Jae-Han,Park, Chang Won,Um, Dalho,Baek, Ki Hwang,Jo, Yohahn,An, Hyunjoo,Kim, Yangsun,Kim, Tae Jin Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 Disease markers Vol.2014 No.-

<P>Changes of glycosylation pattern in serum proteins have been linked to various diseases including cancer, suggesting possible development of novel biomarkers based on the glycomic analysis. In this study, N-linked glycans from human serum were quantitatively profiled by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and compared between healthy controls and ovarian cancer patients. A training set consisting of 40 healthy controls and 40 ovarian cancer cases demonstrated an inverse correlation between <I>P</I> value of ANOVA and area under the curve (AUC) of each candidate biomarker peak from MALDI-TOF MS, providing standards for the classification. A multibiomarker panel composed of 15 MALDI-TOF MS peaks resulted in AUC of 0.89, 80~90% sensitivity, and 70~83% specificity in the training set. The performance of the biomarker panel was validated in a separate blind test set composed of 23 healthy controls and 37 ovarian cancer patients, leading to 81~84% sensitivity and 83% specificity with cut-off values determined by the training set. Sensitivity of CA-125, the most widely used ovarian cancer marker, was 74% in the training set and 78% in the test set, respectively. These results indicate that MALDI-TOF MS-mediated serum N-glycan analysis could provide critical information for the screening of ovarian cancer.</P>

Characterization of Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Modified Fluoroethylene Propylene Surface by TOF - SIMS.

Yangsun Kim,Joseph Gardella. Jr 한국진공학회 1993 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.- No.-

문장체에서의 일본어 「そして」의 의미 - 한국어 대응을 중심으로 -

김양선(Kim Yangsun) 동아인문학회 2021 동아인문학 Vol.55 No.-

본 연구의 2가지 연구목적(① 문장체 「そして」의 다양한 의미용법 파악, ② 「だから」「それで」「そして」의 비교)을 위해 조사 연구한 결과는 크게 다음 4가지로 요약할 수 있겠다. 첫째 문장체에서 「そして」는 ‘순접’과 ‘비순접{병렬, 계기(동시/순서), 추가, 역접, 대비, 결과, 선택}’의 의미영역을 갖고 있으며, 특히 ‘병렬’의 의미로 문장 서두에 사용하는 것을 가장 선호한다. 즉 ‘순접∩비순접’은 나타나지 않는다. 둘째, 문장체에서 「そして」는 특별한 공기현상을 나타내지는 않는다. 셋째, 문장체의 「そして」와 「だから」「それで」를 비교한 결과, 접속사로서의 독립성과 순접성과 주관적 확신성은 「だから」>「それで」>「そして」순, 사용빈도는 그 반대로 「そして」>「それで」>「だから」순, 접속사로서의 독립성은 「それで」>「そして」>「だから」순이다. 넷째, 문장체의 「そして」와 「だから」는 ‘역접’을, 「そして」와 「それで」는 ‘병렬’을 공통적으로 나타낸다. This report has two study purposes. The first is to understand a variety of meanings of the term ‘SOSITE’ through Korean translation, and the second is to grasp some differences from the similar expressions such as ‘DAKARA’ and ‘SOREDE’ in written language. The result is summarized in the four following points. First, ‘SOSITE’ in written language may be validated by two meanings: ‘Causal conjunction’, ‘Non-causal conjunction’ [enumeration, concatenation(simultaneity/sequence), addition, opposition, result, contrast, choice]. Second, ‘enumeration’ occupies the majority(87%) of the meaning of ‘SOSITE’; but as a ‘Causal conjunction/Non causal conjunction’ it is not expressed in written language. Third, ‘SOSITE’ does not show a special combination phenomenon with ‘KOSO’, which is expressed in ‘DAKARA’ and ‘SOREDE’. Fourth, the result of having compared “SOSITE” with ‘DAKARA’ and ‘SOREDE’ in written language can occur in the following three was: The speaker’s conviction and casual conjunction are in the order of ‘DAKARA’ > SOREDE’ > ‘SOSITE’; the use frequency is in the order of ’SOSITE’ > ‘SOREDE’ > ‘DAKARAE’; and the independent state as a conjunction is in the order of ‘SOREDE’ > ‘SOSITE’ > ‘DAKARA’.

증언의 양식, 생존ㆍ성장의 서사 -박완서의 전쟁 재현 소설 『그 산이 정말 거기 있었을까』를 중심으로

김양선 ( Kim Yangsun ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2002 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.15 No.-

This thesis intends to make clear how the 'experience of Korean War in Park Wan Seo's autobiographical narrative is represented, Her autobiographic novel has the style of ‘testimony’ about Korean war, and has the characteristic of woman s narrative of survival. Even if the testimony speaks the fact, there are exclusion, revision, concealment because of the trauma or the present situation of the testimonial subject. That is, even if the autobiographic characteristics is prominent, there can he several commentaries as the literary works. Park Wan Seo narrates the intention and aim of her writing at several texts repeatedly, because she doesn't want that her and her family's war experiences cease to the private experience but have the public meaning. First, in the construction of memory, <Were That Mountain Were There Really?〉 narrates her elder brother's death in detail, and it is represented with the corporeal symptom. That is, the repressed memory are returned to the memory of body and completed with the testimonial writing. The other selected episodic memories in〈Thirsty Season〉,〈Were That Mountain Were There Really?〉are related with the aesthetic consciousness and the criticism about ideology-centered society. Second, the woman, who has existed as an invisible being at the male- centered war, becomes the subject speaking about the war. Because of the male-absent situation, woman undergoes the different war with the man. < Were That Mountain Were There Really? > reports the process that two women,I and the wife of elder brother, struggle for the survival with the sensual description in detail. That is, the real aspect of ‘gendered war,’ the another field of life is described by various tastes and foods through woman' s viewpoint. This novel is both the narrative of survival and the novel of formation. After the death of elder brother, the latter part of novel, the narrative subject ‘I’ work at the PX, experience the confused capitalist society, and accomplish the moral maturity. Separating from the mother, T enter to the new world as an individual through the marriage. The separation and maturity of the narrative subject are represented with the corporeal language. The corporeal language like ‘flesh’ and ‘wailing’ is one of woman's self expression, and shows her painful separation and recovery effectively. The style of Park Wan Seo's novel is not the ‘confession’ but the [testimony'. So it posits the woman's private experience to the social, historical context. The narrative of 'gendered war’ and the dialectical process between survival and maturity show the possibility that our divided system can be overcome by gender politics.

멜로드라마와 4.19 혁명의 서사적 절합 - 박경리의 1960년대 대중연애소설 『푸른 운하』, 『노을 진 들녘』 다시 읽기

김양선(Kim, Yangsun) 한국현대소설학회 2020 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.77

This paper seeks to correct the uniformity of Korean modern literary history and novel which represent 4.19 civil revolution in two aspects. The first is to reread the meaning of popular romance novels that communicated with the public around the existing male-centered literary field in 1960s, composed of pure literature and short stories. The second is actively reread the woman writer’s popular romance story that has been excluded from the prior research about male-youth-intellectual oriented 4.19 novels. This paper pays attention to the narrative articulation between melodrama and the 4.19 civil revolution in Park Kyung-ri’s 1960s popular romance novel Blue Canal and Sunset Field. Blue Canal and Sunset Field melt the state of political, economic and moral chaos and instability at the end of the Liberal Party’s regime into the melodrama style. While highlighting melodrama’s ‘moral occult’, ‘sensationalism’ and dichotomy of good and evil, these novels contrast the gloomy but pure love of the younger generation with the older generation’s love which is connected with money, power. In both novels, hometown-country means the place for purity, hope and nostalgia for the younger generation. The fall of the villain, the triumph of the good, the purity that overwhelms sensationalism and violence show the writer’s anticipation about young intellectuals in post 4.19. In chapter 3, I noted that two novels narrated the 4.19 civil revolution by borrowing newspaper articles, reports and writer’s direct comments. It can be evaluated that unique features of writer’s 4.19 novels. Acknowledging such narrative characteristics, the influence of the 4.19 spirit on the younger generation can be found by reading the texts carefully. The spirit of the younger generation- solidarity, generosity, sense of responsibility and restoration of moral feeling– could achieve the probability and justification through the short but objective recording about 4.19 civil revolution. In conclusion, the two novels provide clues to expanding the outer space of literary history and reconsidering the political characteristics of popular novels. Because woman writer’s popular literature shows the social and historical scene of revolution in a ‘different’ way. The novels’ time background between pre-4.19 revolution, the time of despair, anxiety, depression and post-5.16 recidivism, was the time that the younger generation was still able to reform. Park Kyung-ri showed her expectation for the younger generations who change themselves and the community through reformation. The younger generation, and the hometown or country engraved in the texts mean purity, nostalgia, and regeneration, and these embody the writer’s aspiration and expectation about post 4.19.

일본 만화 영역본에서의 신체관련 이디엄의 특성

김양선(Kim, Yangsun) 동아인문학회 2016 동아인문학 Vol.34 No.-

본고는 동아시아 젊은이들의 외국어 학습 중 글자 그대로의 해석이 불가능한 이디엄 학습의 효율성에 대한 관심에서 출발하였다. 특히 이번 연구에서는 일본에 한정하여 일본에서의 영어 이디엄 학습서가 과연 일상 회화를 이해하는데 얼마나 도움을 줄 수 있는가, 또 실생활에서 사용되는 이디엄의 특성은 무엇인가, 등을 파악해보고자 하였다. 결국 본고에서는 회화체에서는 인간의 신체와 관련된 이디엄이 많을 것이라는 가설 하에, 이디엄의 사전적 정의와 본고의 구체적인 이디엄 예외 조건에 근거하여, ① 일본 학습서의 신체관련 이디엄의 특성 분석하고, ② 일본 만화 영역본의 신체관련 이디엄의 특성을 일본 학습서와 동일한 기준으로 분석하여, 이를 근거로 ③ 일본 학습서와 만화를 비교하고, 마지막으로 ④ 회화용 신체관련 이디엄의 전략적 학습을 위한 가이드라인을 제시해보고자 하였다. 그 결과, 첫째로 일본 학습서의 이디엄과 만화의 이디엄의 가장 큰 차이점은 회화체 위주의 만화에서 인간의 신체와 관련된 표현이 더 많이 사용되었다는 점이다. 이는 본고의 가설을 입증해준다. 둘째로 회화체에 한정시킨 영어 신체관련 이디엄의 경우 만화는 동일한 카테고리에 속하는 신체부위를 2번 이상 사용하는 이디엄이 사용되지 않는다는 점이다. 이는 만화의 말풍선이라는 제한된 지면에서는 동일한 카테고리에 속하는 신체부의를 2번 이상 사용되는, 지면을 많이 차지하는 이디엄을 굳이 사용할 필요성이 적기 때문일 것으로 추정된다. 아울러 회화능력 향상을 위한 제안으로, 많은 신체관련 이디엄 중 특히 ‘머리’에 소속되는 신체부위가 1개로 구성된 이디엄과 본고에서 제시한 15개의 이디엄 리스트를 우선적으로 학습할 것을 제안한다. 이번 조사는 주로 신체관련 영어 이디엄에 초점을 맞추었지만, 나머지 다른 카테고리 안의 이디엄 (동물, 음식 등)에 대한 연구 및 소위 “(동사)숙어”로 구분되는 표현들에 대한 연구는 물론, 한국어나 일본어 등 다른 언어 간 비교연구도 필요할 것이다. 아울러 만화 이외의 쟝르 간 비교연구도 기대된다. I have suggested the hypothesis first of all in this study: idioms of human body will be used the most in spoken language, and then have accomplished the purpose to understand idioms used in daily conversation based on the definition of dictionary and my own exceptional conditions about idioms. The purpose of this study is summarized into four as follows: (i) to analyze the characteristics of all idioms in the textbook and some physical idioms in spoken language from the textbook. (ii) to analyze the characteristics of all idioms and some physical idioms in comics based on the same methods of the textbook. (iii) to compare between them. (iv) to suggest the strategic guidelines to learn idioms for daily conversation. As for the results, my hypothesis is validated by classification and distribution of idioms in comics, and I have found that the general aspects between spoken idioms from textbook and comics are very similar to each other, despite the detailed aspects are a little different from. It should be pointed out that comics also are used a kind of spoken language depending on the similar general aspects, and the different detailed aspects are caused from speech balloons of comics which are not enough to use the idioms consisted of two or more physical parts of human body. In addition, strategic learning guidelines and the list of idioms having a possibility used frequently in daily conversation are suggested for English learners. The current results should be compared with the original manga and Korean translations so that we can see how much of what we found is English specific. That is, these expressions were used because they are common in English. It is also possible that Korean translations would have different results as well, though these translations are somewhat constrained by the originals. A verification of these awaits more rigorous future research.

팬데믹 이후 사회에 대한 (여성)문학의 응답 : 젠더, 노동, 네트워크

김양선 ( Kim¸ Yangsun ) 국제비교한국학회 2021 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.29 No.1

This article overviews the women who are in crisis in the private and public areas due to Covid 19, specially focusing on the emotional labor and care labor. And this tries to predict how the recent trend of female literature can provide the positive imagination for the reconstruction of Korean society in the post-Covid era. First, the disaster such as Covid 19 has paradoxically resulted in the visualization of invisible beings, including women and the socially disadvantaged, and evokes the importance of community responsibility for these invisible beings. The responsibility and solidarity of community members are also main topics in female literature these days. In Chapter 2, I notice that the return of the real name narrative which gives names to each characters in recent female literature. Kim Eui-kyung’s Call Center and Jeong Se-rang’s Fifty People discussed in this chapter are real name narratives and these effectively express the solidarity between the characters through the so-called network narrative strategy. Chapter 3, Women’s Story/History of Emotional Labor and Care Labor analyzed how the novel depicts the situation in which emotional labor and care labor are transferred only to women. The feminization of emotional labor and care labor is revealed through situations in which mothers and daughters continue to take charge of these labors. (Hwang Jeong-eun ‘What I Want to Say’), and female worker performs her laugh and manages her emotions. (Hwang Jung-eun, ‘Bok-Kyeong’). In this chapter, it was also noted that care workers are invisible beings, such as the elderly, AI robot, and commercialized care provider. (Yoon Yi-hyung ‘Danny’, Jang Ryu-jin ‘Hand of Help’) In conclusion, the ‘With You’ which symbolized the solidarity in the era of Feminism Reboot is connected with the imagination and vision about post Pandemic society. The network narrative in Call Center, Fifty People, and the gendered emotional labor and care labor in ‘What I Want to Say’, ‘Bok-Kyeong’, ‘Hand of Help’ show that connection and solidarity are alternatives for the survival and the community. This is also linked to the public character of literature.