정다산 시경해석의 방법적 특색 : 『시경강의(詩經講義)』의「국풍(國風)」을 중심으로 Based on the national customs of the lecture on the Book of Poems

한예원 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 한국문학연구소 2002 한국문학연구 Vol.- No.3

The ultimate goal of Da san's study of Confucianism is 'Kyung Sae Chi Yong(the opion of Confucianism that studies should improve practical benefit in ruling the world)'. DA san basically reconized poems as a device used by a subordinate to critize and exhort by innuendo the right and wormgs of the soverign.In other words, a poem being a 간서, and expressing it in critical speech is the essence of the studies in the Book of Poems. The So go examined Da sna's concerns on the Book of Poems in the aspect of methodical distinction.The subjectivitity that is not bound by Mo Ki Ryung(a scholar during the Qing dynasty),is what forms the methodical distinction.This can be differently expressed as free speculation in interpreting the Book of Poems.By overcoming the 'So soe'or the 'Si jip joen',Da san created logic on his own way, and though the critical acceptance of Mo Ki Ryung, he reached to a point of unique and eminent interpretation. Da san believed that all the poems in the Books of Poems were written by men of intelligence and that they used the poems as devices to actualize their political and social ideals.

三國遺事 所載 讚詩를 통해 본 一然의 文學에 관한 연구

韓睿嫄 한국고시가문학회 2004 한국시가문화연구 Vol.0 No.13

In the later Period of Koryo(高麗) regime which is under the control of Won(元) empire, Ilyon(一然, 1206~1289) appreciated the history of his own country subjectively, and consequently wrote the Samguk Yusa(三國遺事). It is a sort of complication literature which contains diverse, precisely selected, affairs of politics, society, and it as Ilyon's own literature. But we can appreciate the Ilyon's literature accurately only through the Song of Praise of the Samguk Yusa, Which is a sort of concise verse 7 chinese characters. The Song of praise shows the Ilyon's critics the importance of it. Samguk Yusa contains 48 Song's of praise in all. In spite of it's diversity of inhalt. It is based on the reflection and affection of humanity, His the song of prise shows divers descriptive characterastics, and he make it more impressional by virtue of this descriptive beauty. The Ilyon's literature is very important in the Buddhist literature, and liyon is, as a poet of koryo, an eminent author in the history of Literature of chinese.

혼합洗劑의 洗濯性과 세탁效率에 관한 연구

장애신,최철호 全南大學校家政科學硏究所 1994 生活科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study was to determine oily soil removal from cotton, polyester, cotton/polyester knitted fabrics at a range of wash temperatures and wash cycles with commercial home laundering detergents of similar formulations. Removal of oily soil was determined by measuring the whiteness of solied and washed fabrics. The whiteness has been measured on a color difference meter. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the relationships between the measures of oily soil removal. The results were as follows : Oily soil removal of the soiled cotton knitted fabric was influenced by washing temperature rather than by washing time and was occurred at the low temperature of 10˚C and 27˚C without great difficulties. Synthetic oily soil was more difficult to remove from polyester than from any other fabrics. The effect of washing at 49˚C was worse than that of washing at the lower temperatures in terms of energy efficiency of laundry.

제7차 고등학교 교육과정에 따른 한문교과서 집필지침의 특성과 문제점

한예원 한국한문교육학회 2004 한문교육논집 Vol.22 No.-

본 小考는 제7차 교육과정에 의거한 고등학교 한문 교과서 「집필지침」의 특징을 살펴보고 몇 가지 문제점을 제의하였다. 주로 제7차 교육과정의 한문교과서를 집필해 본 경험이 중심이 되고 있다. 교육부에서는 교육과정의 개정과 함께 교과용 도서에 관한 자세한 사항들을 「집필상의 유의점」과 「검정기준」으로 제시하였다. 한문 교과서는 어느 것이나 이 유의점과 기준을 최대한 반영하여 교과서로 제작된 것이다. 따라서 어떤 교과서가 제작되는가는 이 집필상의 유의점과 검정기준에 달려 있다고 하여도 과언이 아닐 정도이다. 小考에서는 6차 교육과정과 비교할 때 7차 교육과정의 교과서 집필지침이 어떻게 달라졌는지 그 특징을 점검하고, 문제점을 지적하였다. 이는 8차 교육과정을 준비하는 이 시점에서 7차 교육과정에 대한 반성의 자료 및 문제점의 보완에 기여할 것이다. This study examined the characteristics of writing guides of sino-Korean textbooks of high schools based on the seventh curriculum, and presented its several problems. It focused on what was felt in writing sino-korean textbooks based on the seventh curriculum. The Ministry of Education amended the curriculum and presented it in detail with matters to be attended in writing and authorization standards. Every sino-Korean textbook reflected the notices and standards as possible as can be. Therefore, it is not too much to say that how good textbooks are produced depends on the writing guides and authorization standards. This study examined the changed characteristics in the seventh curriculum when the sixth curriculum was compared with the seventh one, and presented its problems. At this point of preparation for the eighth curriculum, it was expected this study would provide an opportunity to reflect what was wrong with the seventh curriculum and contribute to its future improvement.

교양영어교육의 실태와 개선방향

이예식,임홍미 경북대학교 사범대학부속 중등교육연구소 2005 중등교육연구 Vol.53 No.3

최근 정보화 · 세계회의 추세로 국내 영어교육 환경은 급격한 변화를 겪고 있으며 대부분의 대학들도 기존의 형식적인 대학영어교육에 탈피하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이에 본고는 교양영어교육의 실태파악과 설문조사를 통한 학생들의 요구와 기대치를 수렴하여 현행 교양영어교육의 문제점과 개선방향을 모색한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the present state of general English education and to discuss how to improve the general English programs in order that the students can get better equipped with English proficiency. For this purpose, students of A university were questionnaired. The results of this questionnaire shows that most of the students recognized that learning English is very important and necessary in college education. Furthermore, they weren't satisfied with the current general English programs, pointing out several problems that should be further improved. Some recommendable suggestions based on the questionnaire are summarized as follows: First, the basic goal of the general English education should be to teach students "four skills" to improve their English communicative abilities. Second, we should change the general English courses into compulsory ones, increasing credit hours in order that students can have more opportunities to be exposured in the English environments. Third, we should place students of the same or similar proficiency level in one class, reducing the class size with a view to promoting more interaction between students and the instructor. Forth, we should offer a variety of general English courses. So students can choose the courses such as ESP/EAP-based education so as to satisfy the needs of each student. Fifth, we should provide many kinds of technological aids to encourage the students to willingly and positively participate in class. Finally, we should establish an authorized department to manage and supervise effectively the general English education program.

안면부에 발생한 비색소성 흑색종 2례

한예식,김보현,이정윤,안희창 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.1

Amelanotic melanoma is extremely rare and more aggressive than similarly staged pigmented lesion. It has been estimated that 2 percent of all melanoma is clinically amelanotic. The authors recently experienced 2 cases of amelanotic melanomas. An amelanotic melanoma of the left lower eyelid was widely excised, and reconstructed with the nasal mucochondral graft and Mustard cheek flap. Until 33month after the operation, no metastatic lesion was found and well being state. An amelanotic melanoma on the right buccal mucosa, in the other patients was widely excised and reconstructed with bilobed forearm flap. 10month later lung metastasis was noted.

입체 조형에 있어 한국적 의미의 재조명

주예경 건국대학교 조형연구소 1996 조형연구 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper I first examined and tried to understand from the traditional point of view several symbols showing our cultural heritage. Using this understanding as a basis, I looked again at the symbols and made a piece of art trying to show the possibility of new form concretely connecting past and present. There are very many possible symbols, but for the purpose of this study I chose more frequently appearing ones like the bat, the lotus, the bamboo, the ten longlife symbols, and others. A country's culture is separate from economic development. A culture irrespective of its origin rises and falls, and developes its own native forms and shapes according to national characteristics. Today the world global village is commonly used. Massmedia gives the impression that today the whole world has no borders and that we are all part of one cultural entity. Therefore insisting on 'our" things seems perhaps to be an anachronism. But clearly each country has special and beautiful things. When these things possess their own essence, they truely become international. Therefore finding our things with new content befitting our times is one of the most important things to do. Our recent sad history has made our society an arena of competition for foreign culture. By mixing our traditional culture uncritically with these foreign cultures and accepting them. it has come to point where we are losing our national conciousness and the culture that makes us special. Through my artwork, I have tried to find " our fundamental conciousness', on that which gives form and feeling to our traditional cultural sense. Through this kind of work, design is not making a form that never existed or one that is totally new, but transforming and enlargening the formative elements that already are in our past and reinterpreting them in the language of our times. Doing this can be shown again and again to be the most right and necessary thing to do. The works of the formative arts speak for one's society and also influence that same society. In our day the rate of change is tremendous and can not be compared with the past. The amount and the quality of this change is such that we do not even have the time to choose anymore. Therefore our cultural environment and conciousness will only be right, and there by influence our society properly, to the extent of the subjectivity and clarity of those dedicated to design and the formative arts, and only of there is a concious search for our soul. Our native and beautiful feeling and form can always be reinterpreted. In artwork there is no need to copy foreign and exotic culture, for multiple expressions are always possible. Further more this kind of effort helps us experience the truthfulness of the creative act. When something has natural form, besides the nation building purpose of holding on to 'our" things and being adamant about our national characteristics, it is like meeting something old and familiar. Especially in the formative arts, which are one of the various elements constituting culture, this kind of concious effort is the most important thing one can do. In the future I intend to continue this study.

外裝 材料를 銅板으로 한 龕室 제작 연구 : 천주교 내의 금속공예 중에서 in the metal art of Roman Catholic

朱禮卿 건국대학교부설조형연구소 1992 조형연구 Vol.1 No.-

A tabernacle which stands a symbol for various religious meanings was manufactured using copper sheet of inherent plasticity as a surface material. The advantages of copper sheet which contribute the intended use was evaluated along with the points that has been raised. Due to the characteristic malleability of the copper it can give a diversified expressions by providing the ease of shaping and various techniques therewith while the final product can be kept relatively light and manufactured cheap without sacrificing the original function of the tabernacle. In contrast, the needs for multiple inner supporting layers to strengthen the protective function of the tabernacle and the trained skills to be coped with are the major obstacle. Special efforts have been concentrated to impart the traditional known symbols of the christian churches followed by expressing the emblematic characteristics of the tabernacle through the implicative modern formative arts. In addition to the abovementioned tabernacle, there are also many possible spaces to be sought for the artistic expressions through the applied arts in the field of religious art.

조선 실학시대 尹臣間의 학문 활동 : 『詩經講義』를 통해 본 正祖와 丁若鏞의 경우 Focusing on the academic encounter of king Jeongjo and Jeong Yak-yong based on 「Si-gyeong-gang-oui」

韓睿嫄 慶尙大學校 南冥學硏究所 2003 남명학연구 Vol.16 No.-

본고는 조선의 경학사에 일획을 그은 君王인 정조와 신하인 정약용의 학문적 만남을 『詩經講義』라는 텍스트를 통하여 조망한 논문이다. 이들의 만남에 주목하는 이유는 통상의 經筵과는 달랐기 때문이다. 군왕이 자신의 의도로 선택한 인재와 질의응답을 통하여 새로운 경학의 세계를 확장하는 보기 드문 케이스이다. 우선 전통적 帝王敎育의 유형으로 정도전·권근·이황·이율곡 등의 사례를 들어 조선시대 경연이 추구하였던 이상적 교육상을 알아보고, 이것에 대응하는 역대 왕들의 경연 참석 상황을 살펴보았다. 정조의 캐릭터는 한마디로 말하면 好學의 學者적 君王이라고 할 수 있다. 이런 정조의 유교적 이상정치와 현실의 실현이라는 접점에 정약용을 비롯한 초계문신이 위치한다, 초계문신 뿐 만 아니라, 정조의 정치적 학문 활동에는 학파·지연·신분의 차를 초월하여 다양한 유자가 참여한다. 이러한 열린 학문 활동은 곧 당시 사회의 개방성에의 지향을 엿보게 함과 동시에 보편 문화의 성숙을 알려준다. 『시경강의』를 통하여 살펴본 두 사람의 기본적 경학관은 상당히 유사하다. 양쪽 다 주자의 경학적 업적을 존중하지만, 논리상 부합하지 않는 사항에 대해서는 회의와 반론을 제기학 있다. 물론 정조는 정약용만큼 독창적인 견해를 제시하고 있지는 않지만, 정조의 개방적 경학관에 힘입어 주자를 극복하는 정약용의 독창적 견해가 빛을 볼 수 있었다. 다시 이러한 脫朱子의 경학관은 정조시대의 새로운 학풍으로 자리 매김을 하게 되었다. 정약용의 『시경강의』의 내용분석을 통하여 정치와 사화에 관한 두 사람이 견해를 알아보았다. 특히 '賢人'에 있어서 정조가 유교의 전통적 賢人觀을 견지하고 있음에 비하여, 정약용은 어느 분야에서나 기능이든 학문이든 할 수 있는 데까지 매진하여 어느 경지에 도달하면 그를 현인이라고 보고 있다. 이는 고착화된 신분 사회이 통념에서 벗어난 견해로 받아들여진다. 그런데 '安民'의 문제에 있어서는 두 사람 모두 유사한 시각을 노정한다. 安民의 기본조건으로 治者계층의 德化를 중요시한다. 堯舜의 至治를 정치의 이상형으로 제시하고 그 실현을 위한 현실적 방법으로 治者는 古學의 가르침을 실천에 옮기는 것으로 想定한다. 이러한 본고의 고찰을 통하여 정조와 정약용과 같은 군신간의 학문적 활동은 글자그대로 敎學相長적인 만남이며, 조선경학의 실학시대를 만개 시킨 動力이 되었음을 알 수 있다. Through scrutiny of the text named 「Si-gyeong-gang-oui」, this study examined the academic encounter of king Jeongjo and his subject Jeong Yak-yong, both of which were remarkably active in the Chinese classics history. Their encounter was interesting because they met through a distinctive court seminar which was different from general ones. The king tried to expand the new world of the Chineses classics study through discussion consisting of questions and answers with the one whom he selected in the seminar. This study presented cases of Through scrutiny of the text named 「Si-gyeong-gang-oui」, this study examined the academic encounter of king Jeongjo and his subject Jeong Yak-yong, both of which were remarkably active in the Chinese classics history. Their encounter was interesting because they met through a distinctive court seminar which was different from general ones. The king tried to expand the new world of the Chineses classics study through discussion consisting of questions and answers with the one whom he selected in the seminar. This study presented cases of Jeong Do-jeon, Gwon Geun, Lee Hwang and Lee Yul-gok who were involved in emperial education to understand the ideal education pursued by the court seminar of Joseon Dynasty and correspondingly, examined kings' participation in the seminar. King Jeongjo was academic-oriented. He suggested ideal Confucian politics and attempted to realize the ideal, and civil ministers, including Jeong Yak-yong, followed him. Confucian scholars from various schools as well as the civil ministers participated in lung's academically-oriented political activities beyond school, region, and status. Such open academic activities indicated that at that time, culture was mature and society was open to everybody. The basic views towards the Chineses classics study of the two were considerably similar when they were examined through 'Si-gyeong-gang-oui,. hey respected Juja's achievements in Chinese classics, but presented doubts and objections about the suggestions with logical inconsistency. Of course, the king's view was not as original as that of Mr. Jeong, but Jeong's brilliant view to overcome Juja was supported by the view of king Jeongjo. The new views on Chinese classics, which were a departure from Juja's, became a new trend of king Jeongjo's period. This study examined the two's views about politics and society through analysing the text of 「Si-gyeong-gang-oui,. In particular, king Jeongjo insisted on the traditional Confucian view about the good and wise king while Mi. Jeong considered any person that reached to the top through their best efforts in techniques or academic activities as the good and wise kings. It was thought that the latter's view was beyond the fixed idea of a status-oriented society. However, for the issue about the appeasemeent of the people, the two had similar perspectives. They considered a virtue of the ruling class as a basic requirement for the appeasement of the people. They suggested that the politics governed by King Yo and Soon was ideal, and to realize the ideal, the ruling class followed ancient teaching. Through the review of the text, this study concluded that academic encounter of king and servant encouraged academic development and were energies to promote the realism at full bloom.

Anna Letitia Barbauld의 시에 나타난 여성적 글쓰기와 결혼관

심예지 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 2007 여성연구논총 Vol.22 No.-

The theme of matrimony is consistently central to Anna Letitia Barbauld' s literary world. Human relationship-particularly those between males and females through married life-constitute the material of her works. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the aspects of marriage in Anna Letitia Barbauld' s poetry and to investigate the role of sacrifice in marriage. In her writing, women are no longer regarded as innocent and begin to perceive the real world through their sacrifice. It is believed that they should bear responsibility in order to achieve a real marriage. Although feminist criticism has evolved during the past few decades, this evolution has not been structured and linear. However, feminist critics must document the reasons for their revolt. In part, this task is of historical and sociological significance, as it proves that social structures discriminate against women who choose to write. I Anna Letitia Barbauld' s poetry, one finds the voices of various women who speak out against such discrimination. In conclusion, Mrs. Barbauld regards bitter experiences or suffering as necessary steps for attaining a real marriage.