Numerical Experiments on the Impacts of Surface Evaporation and Fractionation Factors on Stable Isotopes in Precipitation

Xinping Zhang,Huade Guan,Xinzhu Zhang,Wanjun Zhang,Tianci Yao 한국기상학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.52 No.3

The isotope enabled atmospheric water balance model is applied to examine the spatial and temporal variations of δ18O in precipitation, amount effect and meteoric water lines (MWL) under four scenarios with different fractionation nature and surface evaporation inputs. The experiments are conducted under the same weather forcing in the framework of the water balance and stable water isotope balance. Globally, the spatial patterns of mean δ18O and global MWLs simulated by four simulation tests are in reasonably good agreement with the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation observations. The results indicate that the assumptions of equilibrium fractionation for simulating spatial distribution in mean annual δ18O and the global MWL, and kinetic fractionation in simulating δ18O seasonality are acceptable. In Changsha, four simulation tests all reproduce the observed seasonal variations of δ18O in precipitation. Compared with equilibrium fractionation, the depleted degree of stable isotopes in precipitation is enhanced under kinetic fractionation, in company with a decrease of isotopic seasonality and inter-event variability. The alteration of stable isotopes in precipitation caused by the seasonal variation of stable isotopes in vapour evaporated from the surface is opposite between cold and warm seasons. Four simulations all produce the amount effect commonly observed in monsoon areas. Under kinetic fractionation, the slope of simulated amount effect is closer to the observed one than other scenarios. The MWL for warm and humid climate in monsoon areas are well simulated too. The slopes and intercepts of the simulated MWLs decrease under kinetic fractionation.

Individual Aesthetic Differences Evaluation of Yan’an Urban Forests in the Loess Plateau China

Mingxia Zhang,Dexiang Wang,Zhitao Wang,Xinping Zhang,Ganggang Zhang,Yong Xu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.10

A randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of regenerated and non-regenerated oxidized cellulose gauze for the secondary treatment of local bleeding in patients undergoing hepatic resection

Chengshuo Zhang,Dazhi Fu,Fengshan Wang,Xinping Zhong,Lei Yang,Gang Wu,Baifeng Li,Jialin Zhang 대한외과학회 2021 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.100 No.4

Purpose: Oxidized cellulose is available in many forms, but manufactured using either a regenerated or non-regenerated process. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 2 different hemostatic agents for the treatment of local bleeding in patients undergoing hepatic resection. Methods: This was a monocentric, parallel-group, randomized, and controlled clinical trial to compare oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze (ORCG) with oxidized non-regenerated cellulose gauze (ONRCG) in patients undergoing hepatectomy. The primary endpoint was the time to hemostasis at the target bleeding site. The secondary endpoints were the postoperative drainage volume on the first 2 days after surgery and the hospital stay. Results: There was no significant difference between the ORCG and ONRCG groups in time to hemostasis from column analysis (238.8 ± 121.6 seconds vs. 193.7 ± 85.3 seconds, P = 0.068), and there were no differences in the rates of hemostatic success between the 2 groups at 120 seconds (18.4% vs. 24.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.703; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.231–2.136) and 300 seconds (71.1% vs. 89.2%; OR, 0.298; 95% CI, 0.085–1.041). However, the ONRCG group was superior to the ORCG group in hemostasis according to the survival analysis (log-rank test, P = 0.044). Moreover, there were also no significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative drainage volume on the first 2 days (P = 0.436, P = 0.381) and hospital stay (P = 0.537, P = 0.200). Conclusion: ONRCG was not inferior to ORCG as a hemostatic agent in patients undergoing liver resection.

The Effects of Adenoviral Transfection of the Keratinocyte Growth Factor Gene on Epidermal Stem Cells: an In Vitro Study

Xinping Li,Mingsheng Zhang,Ling Liang,Pin Zhao,Kenzo Uchida,Hisatoshi Baba,Hong Huang,Wenfang Bai,Liming Bai 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.4

Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are characterized as slow-cycling, multi-potent, and self-renewing cells that not only maintain somatic homeostasis but also participate in tissue regeneration and repair. To examine the feasibility of adenoviral vector-mediated keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) gene transfer into in vitro-expanded ESCs, ESCs were isolated from samples of human skin, cultured in vitro, and then transfected with recombinant adenovirus (Ad) carrying the human KGF gene (AdKGF) or green fluorescent protein gene (AdGFP). The effects of KGF gene transfer on cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, cell surface antigen phenotype, and -catenin expression were investigated. Compared to ESCs transfected with AdGFP, AdKGF-transfected ESCs grew well, maintained a high proliferative capacity in keratinocyte serum-free medium, and expressed high levels of -catenin. AdKGF infection increa-sed the number of ESCs in the G0/G1 phase and promoted ESCs entry into the G2/M phase, but had no effect on cell surface antigen phenotype (CD49f+/CD71-). The results suggest that KGF gene transfer can stimulate ESCs to grow and undergo cell division, which can be applied to enhance cutaneous wound healing.

Action path and mechanism of segment joints in the failure history of shield tunnel lining

Wei Jin,Xinping Dong,Biao Hu,Jinjin Zhang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.7

Focusing on the failure history of single-ring segmental lining structure, the action path andmechanism of segment joint on the segment bending moment was investigated in this study. The explicit equations of segment bending moment increment difference and segmentbending moment diffusion coefficient were derived, and the causes of segment bendingmoment state variation in high load level were studied. In the failure history of segmentaltunnel lining, the bending moment variation was mainly controlled by the bending momentincrement difference per unit time (IND). IND was mainly controlled by the relative stiffnessratio of segment joints and their derivative. The action path of segment joints on segmentinternal force can be divided into: 1) the opening and yielding of segment joints, 2) theattenuation of rotational stiffness of segment joints, 3) the change of relative stiffness ratio andits derivative, 4) the IND value of non-zero, and 5) the drastic change of segment bendingmoment state. Furthermore, the rotation stiffness of the segment joint attenuated, and thenthe acceleration variation of segment bending moment was caused by segment joint effectsbecause IND was not equal to 0, i.e., the segment bending moment increased or decreasedsharply.

Dark-Blood Computed Tomography Angiography Combined With Deep Learning Reconstruction for Cervical Artery Wall Imaging in Takayasu Arteritis

Su Tong,Zhang Zhe,Chen Yu,Wang Yun,Li Yumei,Xu Min,Wang Jian,Li Jing,Tian Xinping,Jin Zhengyu 대한영상의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.25 No.4

Objective: To evaluate the image quality of novel dark-blood computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging combined with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) compared to delayed-phase CTA images with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), to visualize the cervical artery wall in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Materials and Methods: This prospective study continuously recruited 53 patients with TAK (mean age: 33.8 ± 10.2 years; 49 females) between January and July 2022 who underwent head-neck CTA scans. The arterial- and delayed-phase images were reconstructed using HIR and DLR. Subtracted images of the arterial-phase from the delayed-phase were then added to the original delayed-phase using a denoising filter to generate the final-dark-blood images. Qualitative image quality scores and quantitative parameters were obtained and compared among the three groups of images: Delayed-HIR, Dark-blood-HIR, and Dark-blood-DLR. Results: Compared to Delayed-HIR, Dark-blood-HIR images demonstrated higher qualitative scores in terms of vascular wall visualization and diagnostic confidence index (all P < 0.001). These qualitative scores further improved after applying DLR (Dark-blood-DLR compared to Dark-blood-HIR, all P < 0.001). Dark-blood DLR also showed higher scores for overall image noise than Dark-blood-HIR (P < 0.001). In the quantitative analysis, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values between the vessel wall and lumen for the bilateral common carotid arteries and brachiocephalic trunk were significantly higher on Darkblood- HIR images than on Delayed-HIR images (all P < 0.05). The CNR values were significantly higher for Dark-blood-DLR than for Dark-blood-HIR in all cervical arteries (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared with Delayed-HIR CTA, the dark-blood method combined with DLR improved CTA image quality and enhanced visualization of the cervical artery wall in patients with TAK.

Numerical and experimental analysis of coupled transverse and longitudinal vibration of a marine propulsion shaft

Qianwen Huang,Xinping Yan,Yikun Wang,Cong Zhang,Yong Jin 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.12

An appropriate assessment of the dynamic behavior of marine propulsion shaft in ships is essential to enable optional delivery of power to the propeller and to minimize unnecessary vibration. Various vibrations coupling with each other can significantly influence the dynamical behavior of the shaft and threaten the reliability of ships. This paper presents a finite element analysis model with multiple constraint conditions to analyze the coupled transverse and longitudinal vibrations of a marine propulsion shaft. Based on this model, in addition to the coupled natural frequencies of each direction, the maximum acceleration are also determined. Furthermore, the simulation of an idling and loading vibration analysis is discussed and validated against experimental results, over a range of rotational speeds. The output of numerical simulation is found to agree with the corresponding results from experimental tests. Finally, an accurate and applicative FEA model for coupled transverse-longitudinal vibration of shaft has been obtained.

Characterization of Interphase Microbial Community in Luzhou-Flavored Liquor Manufacturing Pits of Various Ages by Polyphasic Detection Methods

( Hui Li ),( Jun Huang ),( Xinping Liu ),( Rongqing Zhou ),( Xiaofei Ding ),( Qianyin Xiang ),( Liqiang Zhang ),( Chongde Wu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

It is vital to understand the changing characteristics of interphase microbial communities and interspecies synergism during the fermentation of Chinese liquors. In this study, microbial communities in the three indispensable phases (pit mud, zaopei, and huangshui) of Luzhou-flavored liquor manufacturing pits and their shifts during cellars use were first investigated by polyphasic culture-independent approaches. The archaeal and eubacterial communities in the three phases were quantitatively assessed by combined phospholipid ether lipids/ phospholipid fatty acid analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In addition, qualitative information regarding the microbial community was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Results suggested that the interphase microbial community profiles were quite different, and the proportions of specific microbial groups evolved gradually. Anaerobic bacteria and gram-positive bacteria were dominant and their numbers were higher in pit mud (10⁹ cells/g) than in huangshui (10⁷ cells/ml) and zaopei (10⁷cells/g). Hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea were the dominant archaea, and their proportions were virtually unchanged in pit mud (around 65%), whereas they first increased and then decreased in zaopei (59%-82%-47%) and increased with pit age in huangshui (82%-92%). Interactions between microbial communities, especially between eubacteria and methanogens, played a key role in the formation of favorable niches for liquor fermentation. Furthermore, daqu (an essential saccharifying and fermentative agent) and metabolic regulation parameters greatly affected the microbial community.

Overexpression of NPC1L1 in the livers of transgenic Bama miniature pigs accelerates lipid peroxidation

Chongli Xu,Yu Liu,Yuchen Gong,Xinping Duan,Xiaochun Tang,Mingjun Zhang,Daxin Pang,Liqing Yu,Hongwei Zhao,Hongsheng Ouyang 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.2

Although Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1)plays a key role in intestinal cholesterol absorption, regulatingcholesterol metabolism and maintaining cholesterolmetabolic homeostasis, the molecular mechanism ofNPC1L1 in lipid-metabolism disorders leading to liverdisease remains largely unknown. Previous studies haveshown that NPC1L1 is related with the development offatty liver. Therefore, we hypothesized that NPC1L1 playsan important role in lipid-metabolism disorders and liverdisease by affecting the transcription of certain genesinvolved in lipid synthesis. To further elucidate the functionof NPC1L1, especially in the liver, we used somaticcellnuclear transfer to establish transgenic pigs thatexpressed human NPC1L1 in their livers. We investigatedsuperoxide dismutase activities and the levels of free fattyacids and malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase activities significantlydecreased, and free fatty acid and malondialdehyde levelssignificantly increased in the NPC1L1 transgenic pigs,indicating that the overexpression of NPC1L1 in the liverresulted in severe lipid peroxidation. Our findings suggestthat NPC1L1 plays an important role in lipid-metabolismdisorders and liver disease.

Saturation, Relaxation, and Dissociation of Excited Triplet Excitons in Conjugated Polymers

Yang, Xudong,Lee, Chang-Lyoul,Westenhoff, Sebastian,Zhang, Xinping,Greenham, Neil C. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.21 No.8

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy is used to measure the excited state absorption dynamics in triplet excitons generated by continuous wave excitation of a conjugated polymer. Saturation of the T<SUB>1</SUB>–T<SUB>n</SUB> transition is observed, allowing a cross-section of 2.0 × 10<SUP>−16</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> to be established. Relaxation to T<SUB>1</SUB> occurs with a 300 fs timescale, but 20% of T<SUB>n</SUB> states dissociate into charges. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2009-21-8-ADMA200802597-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2009-21-8-ADMA200802597-content'> </P>