Gypenoside XVII protects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting ER stress – induced mitochondrial injury

Yingli Yu,MinWang,Rongchang Chen,Xiao Sun,Guibo Sun,Xiaobo Sun 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.6

Background: Effective strategies are dramatically needed to prevent and improve the recovery frommyocardialischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Direct interactions between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) during heart diseases have been recently investigated. This study was designed to explore the cardioprotectiveeffects of gypenoside XVII (GP-17) against I/R injury. The roles of ER stress, mitochondrial injury,and their crosstalk within I/R injury and in GP-17einduced cardioprotection are also explored. Methods: Cardiac contractility function was recorded in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. The effects ofGP-17 on mitochondrial function including mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, reactiveoxygen species production, and respiratory function were determined using fluorescence detection kitson mitochondria isolated from the rat hearts. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used to explore the effects ofGP-17 on hypoxia/reoxygenation. Results: We found that GP-17 inhibits myocardial apoptosis, reduces cardiac dysfunction, and improvescontractile recovery in rat hearts. Our results also demonstrate that apoptosis induced by I/R is predominantlymediated by ER stress and associated with mitochondrial injury. Moreover, the cardioprotectiveeffects of GP-17 are controlled by the PI3K/AKT and P38 signaling pathways. Conclusion: GP-17 inhibits I/R-induced mitochondrial injury by delaying the onset of ER stress throughthe PI3K/AKT and P38 signaling pathways.

Correlation between red blood cell distribution width/platelet count and prognosis of newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Xiaobo Liu,Yanliang Bai,Ying Liu,Weiya Li,Yabin Cui,Jinhui Xu,Xingjun Xiao,Xiaona Niu,Kai Sun 대한혈액학회 2023 Blood Research Vol.58 No.4

Background Red blood cell distribution width/platelet count ratio (RPR) is a reliable prognostic assessment indicator for numerous diseases. However, no studies to date have examined the relationship between RPR and the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between RPR and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Methods We retrospectively studied 143 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and used the median value as the RPR threshold. We also investigated the correlation of pretreatment RPR level with clinical characteristics and its impact on DLBCL prognosis. Results Using the median value as the cut-off, patients with DLBCL were divided into a low RPR group (<0.0549) and a high RPR group (≥0.0549). Patients in the high RPR group were older, had a later Ann Arbor stage, were prone to bone marrow invasion, and had a higher National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index score (P < 0.05). A survival analysis showed that progression-free survival (PFS) (P =0.003) and overall survival (OS) (P <0.0001) were significantly shorter in the high versus low RPR group. A multifactorial Cox analysis showed that bone marrow invasion and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were separate risk factors for PFS (P <0.05), while an RPR ≥0.0549 and elevated LDH were separate risk factors for OS (P <0.05). Conclusion A high RPR (≥0.0549) in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis.

Melting Cell Based Compensated Design Method for Improving Dimensional Accuracy of Additively Manufactured Thin Channels

Li Sun,Xiaobo Ren,Jianying He,Zhiliang Zhang 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.2

Powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing technology makes it possible to produce parts with complicated geometry and high accuracy. However, dimensional deviation caused by powder overmelting and dross formation is still a challenge for manufacturing thin channels. In this study, the origins of the overmelting of printed thin channels were analyzed and a concept called “melting cell” is proposed to describe and quantify the geometric error. Based on the geometrical relationship between the melting cell and target channel, a method for predicting and optimizing the final geometry of thin channels is outlined. In order to verify the method, geometries of thin horizontal circular channels in various sizes are studied as examples. The predicted results by the proposed method show a remarkable agreement with available experimental results. Moreover, a new egg-shaped compensated design, which is able to improve the dimensional accuracy of thin horizontal circular channels, is presented. The proposed method is simple yet very effective. It can be easily extended to the manufacturing of thin channels with various shapes, materials, and different powder bed fusion processes.

Comparative genomic and functional analysis of Akkermansia muciniphila and closely related species

Juyuan Xing,Xiaobo Li,Yingjiao Sun,Juanjuan Zhao,Shaohua Miao,Qin Xiong,Yonggang Zhang,Guishan Zhang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.11

Background Akkermansia muciniphila is an important bacterium that resides on the mucus layer of the intestinal tract. Akkermansia muciniphila has a high abundance in human feces and plays an important role in human health. Objective In this article, 23 whole genome sequences of the Akkermansia genus were comparatively studied. Methods Phylogenetic trees were constructed with three methods: All amino acid sequences of each strain were used to construct the first phylogenetic tree using the web server of Composition Vector Tree Version 3. The matrix of Genome-to- Genome Distances which were obtained from GGDC 2.0 was used to construct the second phylogenetic tree using FastME. The concatenated single-copy core gene-based phylogenetic tree was generated through MEGA. The single-copy genes were obtained using OrthoMCL. Population structure was assessed by STRU CTU RE 2.3.4 using the SNPs in core genes. PROKKA and Roary were used to do pan-genome analyses. The biosynthetic gene clusters were predicted using antiSMASH 4.0. IalandViewer 4 was used to detect the genomic islands. Results The results of comparative genomic analysis revealed that: (1) The 23 Akkermansia strains formed 4 clades in phylogenetic trees. The A. muciniphila strains isolated from different geographic regions and ecological niches, formed a closely related clade. (2) The 23 Akkermansia strains were divided into 4 species based on digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values. (3) Pan-genome of A. muciniphila is in an open state and increases with addition of new sequenced genomes. (4) SNPs were not evenly distributed throughout the A. muciniphila genomes. The genes in regions with high SNP density are related to metabolism and cell wall/membrane envelope biogenesis. (5) The thermostable outer-membrane protein, Amuc_1100, was conserved in the Akkermansia genus, except for Akkermansia glycaniphila PytT. Conclusion Overall, applying comparative genomic and pan-genomic analyses, we classified and illuminated the phylogenetic relationship of the 23 Akkermansia strains. Insights of the evolutionary, population structure, gene clusters and genome islands of Akkermansia provided more information about the possible physiological and probiotic mechanisms of the Akkermansia strains, and gave some instructions for the in-depth researches about the use of Akkermansia as a gut probiotic in the future.

Notoginseng leaf triterpenes ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative injury via the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3 signaling pathways in cerebral ischemic model rats

Fengwei Nan,Guibo Sun,Xiaobo Sun,Weijie Xie,Ting Zhu,Ping Zhou,Huibo Xu,Xiangbao Meng,Tao Ding The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.2

Background: Due to the interrupted blood supply in cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), ischemic and hypoxia results in neuronal depolarization, insufficient NAD+, excessive levels of ROS, mitochondrial damages, and energy metabolism disorders, which triggers the ischemic cascades. Currently, improvement of mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism is as a vital therapeutic target and clinical strategy. Hence, it is greatly crucial to look for neuroprotective natural agents with mitochondria protection actions and explore the mediated targets for treating CIS. In the previous study, notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL) from Panax notoginseng stems and leaves was demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the potential mechanisms have been not completely elaborate. Methods: The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) was adopted to verify the neuroprotective effects and potential pharmacology mechanisms of PNGL in vivo. Antioxidant markers were evaluated by kit detection. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by ATP content measurement, ATPase, NAD and NADH kits. And the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and pathological staining (H&E and Nissl) were used to detect cerebral morphological changes and mitochondrial structural damages. Western blotting, ELISA and immunofluorescence assay were utilized to explore the mitochondrial protection effects and its related mechanisms in vivo. Results: In vivo, treatment with PNGL markedly reduced excessive oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial injury, alleviated energy metabolism dysfunction, decreased neuronal loss and apoptosis, and thus notedly raised neuronal survival under ischemia and hypoxia. Meanwhile, PNGL significantly increased the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in the ischemic regions, and regulated its related downstream SIRT1/2/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α pathways. Conclusion: The study finds that the mitochondrial protective effects of PNGL are associated with the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α signal pathways. PNGL, as a novel candidate drug, has great application prospects for preventing and treating ischemic stroke.

Bioassay-guided Isolation of a Novel Protein with Antitumor Activity from Trachyrhamphus serratus (Syngnathidae)

Meng Yue Wang,Sun Xing Qin,Fen He,Xiaobo Li 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.6

A novel protein with antitumor activity, Hailongin, was purified from the aqueous extract of the whole body of Trachyrhamphus serratus, which is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, by bioassay-guided fractionation. Hailongin exhibited strong inhibition of proliferation of the tested human cell lines, such as A549, HeLa, LoVo and CCRF-CEM. The IC_50 values of Hailongin ranged from 5.4 to 25.7 μg/mL. An in vivo study showed that the growth of implanted S-180 solid tumors in mice was significantly inhibited by Hailongin treatment, while the immunological function of the tumor-bearing mice was enhanced. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of Hailongin were 57.074 kDa (by MALDI-TOF-MS) and 6.2 (by isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), respectively. Seventeen amino acids were identified in Hailongin. The acidic amino acids accounted for the majority of Hailongin’s amino acid composition. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Hailongin was determined to be IVPYSHNAGNKGLTQMR and showed no significant homology with known proteins.

3.2-kW 9.7-GHz Polarization-maintaining Narrow-linewidth All-fiber Amplifier

Hang Liu,Yujun Feng,Xiaobo Yang,Yao Wang,Hongming Yu,Jue Wang,Wanjing Peng,Yanshan Wang,Yinhong Sun,Yi Ma,Qingsong Gao,Chun Tang 한국광학회 2024 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.8 No.1

We present a Yb-doped narrow-linewidth polarization-maintaining (PM) all-fiber amplifier that achieves a high mode-instability (MI) threshold, high output power, and 9.7-GHz spectral linewidth. Six wavelength-multiplexed laser diodes are used to pump this amplifier. First, we construct a high-power fiber amplifier based on a master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) configuration for experiments. Subsequently, we examine the MI threshold by individually pumping the amplifier with wavelengths of 976, 974, 981, 974, and 981 nm respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the amplifier exhibits a high MI threshold (>3.5 kW) when pumped with a combination of wavelengths at 974 and 981 nm. Afterward, we inject an optimized phase-modulated seed with a nearly flat-top spectrum into this amplifier. Ultimately, laser output of 3.2 kW and 9.7 GHz are obtained.

Identification of Medium-Length Antineurofilament Autoantibodies in Patients with Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

Shisi Wang,Cancan Xu,Xiaobo Sun,Yifan Zhou,Yaqing Shu,Shangzhou Xia,Zhengqi Lu,Wei Qiu,Xiaofen Zhong,Lisheng Peng 대한신경과학회 2020 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.16 No.3

Background and Purpose Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe central nervous system disorder mediated by NMDAR antibodies that damages neurons. We investigated the correlation between cytoskeletal autoantibodies and the clinical severity in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Methods Non-NMDAR autoantibodies were identified by screening matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the serum samples of 45 consecutive patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 60 healthy individuals against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1-transfected and nontransfected human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Immunocytochemistry was performed to assess antibody binding in rat brain sections and primary cortical neurons. Cell-based assays and Western blotting were applied to identify autoantibodies targeting medium neurofilaments (NFMs). We compared clinical characteristics between patients with NMDAR encephalitis who were positive and negative for anti-NFM-autoantibodies. Results Anti-NFM autoantibodies were detected in both the serum and CSF in one patient (2%) and in the serum only in six patients (13%). No antibodies were detected in the serum of healthy controls (7/45 vs. 0/60, p=0.0016). Four of the seven patients with anti-NFM autoantibodies in serum were children (57%), and three (43%) had abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging. These patients responded well to immunotherapy, and either no significant or only mild disability was observed at the last follow-up. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis did not differ with the presence of anti-NFM autoantibodies. Conclusions Anti-NFM autoantibodies may be present in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, indicating underlying neuronal damage. A large cohort study is warranted to investigate the clinical differences between patients with NMDAR encephalitis according to their anti- NFM antibody status.

De novo transcriptome analysis of Rhododendron molle G. Don flowers by Illumina sequencing

Zheng Xiao,Jiale Su,Xiaobo Sun,Chang Li,Lisi He,Shangping Cheng,Xiaoqing Liu 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.6

Rhododendron molle G. Don occupies an important phylogenetic node in the genus rhododendron with unique yellow flower and medicinal functions. However, only limited genetic resources and their genome information are available for the generation of rhododendron flowers. The next generation sequencing technologies enables generation of genomic resources in a short time and at a minimal cost, and therefore provide a turning point for rhododendron research. Our goal is to use the genetic information to facilitate the relevant research on flowering and flower color formation in R. molle. In total, 66,026 unigenes were identified, among which 31,298 were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein database and 22,410 were annotated in the Swiss-Prot database. Of these annotated unigenes, 9490 and 18,680 unigenes were assigned to clusters of orthologous groups and gene ontology categories, respectively. A total of 7177 genes were mapped to 118 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database. In addition, 8266 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected, and these SSRs will undoubtedly benefit rhododendron breeding work. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that 32 unigenes were predicted to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Our transcriptome revealed 32 engines that encode key enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, including PSY, PDS, LCYB, LCYE, etc. The content of β-carotene was much higher than the other carotenoids throughout the flower development. It was consistent with the key genes expression level in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway by the Illumina expression profile analysis and the qRT-PCR analysis. Our study identified genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis in R. molle and provides a valuable resource for understanding the flowering and flower color formation mechanisms in R. molle.

Characterization of the global transcriptome using Illumina sequencing and novel microsatellite marker information in seashore paspalum

Xinping Jia,Yanming Deng,Xiaobo Sun,Lijian Liang,Xiaoqing Ye 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.1

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz) is a halophytic warm-season perennial grass,which plays an important role in protection of environment. However, very limited transcriptomic and genomic informationare currently available for seashore paspalum. Inthis study, the seashore paspalum transcriptome weresequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. In total, 32,603 unigenes with an average length of970 bp were obtained by de novo assembly. Of the unigenes,25,411 unigenes (77.94 %) had significant similaritywith known proteins in the NCBI non-redundant proteinand Swiss-Prot databases. Of these annotated unigenes,20,962 and 10,620 unigenes were assigned to gene ontologycategories and clusters of orthologous groups,respectively. A total of 4,699 unigenes were mapped into118 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. In addition, 3,010 potential simple sequence repeats (SSRs)were predicted for microsatellite analyse. Tri-nucleotidewas the dominant repeat (1,583, 52.58 %), followed by dinucleotide(975, 32.39 %) and tetra-nucleotide (217,7.21 %). Fifty SSR sites were randomly selected for validationand development of EST–SSR markers. This studyprovided the global sequence data for seashore paspalumand demonstrated that the Illumina paired-end sequencingis a fast and cost-effective approach to gene discovery andmolecular marker development.