燐酸 및 加里肥料가 葉煙草의 品質에 미치는 影響 : Nicotine의 含量에 對하여 On the Contents of Nicotine in Tobacco leaves

趙成鎭,禹相圭,金才正,卞珠燮 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1971 煙草硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different levels of applied fertilizer quality of leaf-tobacco. It was done at all varying levels of phosphate and potassium fertilizer; S_0 (non-fertilizer plot) ; N:P:K=0:0:0(Kg/10α) S₁ (half an amount plot) ; N:P:K=10:7.5:10(〃) S₂ (Standard plot) ; N:P:K=10:15:20(〃) S₃ (1.5 times plot) ; N:P:K=10:22.5:30(〃) S₄ (2.0times plot) ; N:P:K=10:30:40(〃) Urea was applied as nitrogen, double susperphosrhate of lime as phosphate, potassium sulfate as potash source. The tonal amount of fertilizer was applied as basal dressing per one plant. This experiment was carried out by using a randomized block design with 3 replication. The results obtained in terms of quality are summarized as follows. (1) The Content of P₂O_5, and K₂O in tobacco leaf increased while that of nicotine in tobacco leaf decreased by increasing the amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer in soil. Negative correlation between them was observed. (2) It seems that increased phosphate and potassium fertilizer levels made boron absorption in soil increase, thereby Nicotine contents decrease. Negative correlation between them was observed (3) S₁ plot showed potassium deficiency. It could be explained on the basis of N/K₂O ratio. It was considered that sufficient amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer will be needed to ensure the enhancement quality of tobacco leaf.

Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation

Kim, S.-H.,Lee, S.-O.,Park, I.-A.,Park, S.J.,Choi, S.-H.,Kim, Y.S.,Woo, J.H.,Park, S.-K.,Park, J.S.,Kim, S.C.,Han, D.J. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010 Transplant infectious disease Vol.12 No.2

<P>S.-H. Kim, S.-O. Lee, I.-A. Park, S.J. Park, S.-H. Choi, Y.S. Kim, J.H. Woo, S.-K. Park, J.S. Park, S.C. Kim, D.J. Han. Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation.Transpl Infect Dis 2010: <B>12:</B> 113–119. All rights reserved</P><P>Background</P><P>The presence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) should be evaluated before kidney transplantation. Although a new T cell-based assay for diagnosing LTBI gave promising results, this assay has not yet been compared with the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosing LTBI in renal transplant candidates before transplantation.</P><P>Patients and methods</P><P>All adult patients admitted to a single institute for renal transplantation over a 1-year period were prospectively enrolled. A clinically predictive risk of LTBI was defined as: (i) recent close contact with a person with pulmonary TB; (ii) abnormal chest radiography; (iii) a history of untreated or inadequately treated TB; or (iv) a new infection (i.e., a recent conversion of TST).</P><P>Results</P><P>Of 209 renal recipients, 47 (22%) had a positive TST≥5 mm, 21 (10%) had a positive TST≥10 mm, 65 (30%) had a positive T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test, and 25 (12%) had an indeterminate T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test. The induration size of TST was significantly associated with a high positivity rate on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> (<I>P</I><0.001). Agreement between T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test and TST≥10 mm was fair (<I>k</I>=0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.36). However, neither univariate nor multivariate analysis showed any association between the clinical risk for LTBI and positivity on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> or TST.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test was more frequently positive than TST in renal transplant candidates. However, further longitudinal studies are awaited to determine whether the ability of T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> assay to detect LTBI in renal transplant recipients can better predict the development of TB than can TST after transplantation.</P>

Current Status of the KSTAR TF Superconducting Magnet Development

ByoungSu Lim,C. S. Kim,D. J. Kim,D. K. Lee,G. S. Lee,H. K. Park,I. S. Woo,J. S. Bak,J. Y. Choi,J.J. Joo,K. Pak,K. Kim,K. P. Kim,M. S. Ko,N. H. Song,S. Lee,S. J. An,W. Chung,W. W. Park,Y. J. Song 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III

The KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) TF magnet system is a fully superconducting magnet system which consists of 16 TF coils. The TF coil system provides a field of 3.5 T at a plasma center, with a peak flux density at the TF coils of 7.5 T. The stored energy is 470 MJ. TF coils use a Nb3Sn superconducting strand with Incoloy alloy 908 (afterward, Incoloy 908) conduit. The Nb3Sn strand has KSTAR HP-III specifications in which the critical current density is greater than 750 A/mm2 at 12 T, 4.2 K. The nominal current of the TF coils is 35.2 kA with all coils in series. For the fabrication of CICC (Cable-In-Conduit Conductor), a continuous CICC jacketing system is developed, and the procedures of coil fabrication are established to develop the TF coil. The prototype TF coil and the TF 01 16 coils are fabricated for the KSTAR superconducting magnet system. The TF17 coil which will be used as a back up coil is under fabrication. The overall TF coil fabrication will be completed by the end of December 2005.=

대학생 자녀를 둔 중년여성의 자아존중감, 자녀와의 관계, SNS 이용강도가 우울에 미치는 영향

우지원,김가은,김경미,남주희,박지인,범준희,이나경,조소연,조은경,최영윤,김석선,길민지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2017 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.51

Purpose: This study aims to identify the effects of self-esteem, relationship with children, Social Networking Services(SNS) use intensity on depression in middle-aged women with college-age children, and to provide basic data for the health promotion of middle-aged women. Method: A sample of 133 middle-aged people was purposely selected from parents of university students. Questionnaires used for this study were CES-D(The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), Self-esteem Scale, Relationship with Children Scale, SNS Intensity Scale. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 21 with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVAs, Pearson correlation, multiple regression. Result: Self-esteem was correlated with relationship with children (r=0.385, p<0.01) and depression (r=-0.440, p<0.01). Relationship with children was correlated with depression(r=-0.402, p<0.01). As a result, a factor having the greatest influence on the subject's depression degree was self-esteem(β=-0.335), followed by relationship with children(β=-0.274). Conclusion: The result of this study suggested that depression in middle-aged women is closely related to self-esteem and relationship with children. This result can be used in Nursing by developing the theoretical basis for education program related to enhancing self-esteem and relationship with children.

Inhibition of TREK-2 K+ channels by PI(4,5)P2: an intrinsic mode of regulation by intracellular ATP via phosphatidylinositol kinase

Woo, J.,Shin, D. H.,Kim, H. J.,Yoo, H. Y.,Zhang, Y. H.,Nam, J. H.,Kim, W. K.,Kim, S. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Pfl ugers Arch Vol.468 No.8

<P>TWIK-related two-pore domain K+ channels 1 and 2 (TREKs) are activated under various physicochemical conditions. However, the directions in which they are regulated by PI(4,5)P-2 and intracellular ATP are not clearly presented yet. In this study, we investigated the effects of ATP and PI(4,5)P-2 on overexpressed TREKs (HEK293T and COS-7) and endogenously expressed TREK-2 (mouse astrocytes and WEHI-231 B cells). In all of these cells, both TREK-1 and TREK-2 currents were spontaneously increased by dialysis with ATP-free pipette solution for whole-cell recording (I-TREK-1,I-w-c and (ITREK-2w-c)) or by membrane excision for inside-out patch clamping without ATP (I-TREK-1,I-i-o and I-TREK-2,I-i-o). Steady state I-TREK-2,I-i-o was reversibly decreased by 3 mM ATP applied to the cytoplasmic side, and this reduction was prevented by wortmannin, a PI-kinase inhibitor. An exogenous application of PI(4,5)P-2 inhibited the spontaneously increased I-TREKs,I-i-o, suggesting that intrinsic PI(4,5)P-2 maintained by intracellular ATP and PI kinase may set the basal activity of TREKs in the intact cells. The inhibition of intrinsic TREK-2 by ATP was more prominent in WEHI-231 cells than astrocytes. Interestingly, unspecific screening of negative charges by poly-L-lysine also inhibited I-TREK-2,I-i-o. Application of PI(4,5)P-2 after the poly-L-lysine treatment showed dose-dependent dual effects, initial activation and subsequent inhibition of I-TREK-2,I-i-o at low and high concentrations, respectively. In HEK293T cells coexpressing TREK-2 and a voltage-sensitive PI(4,5)P-2 phosphatase, sustained depolarization increased I-TREK-2,I-w-c initially (< 5 s) but then decreased the current below the control level. In HEK293T cells coexpressing TREK-2 and type 3 muscarinic receptor, application of carbachol induced transient activation and sustained suppression of I-TREK-2,I-w-c and cell-attached ITREK-2. The inhibition of TREK-2 by unspecific electrostatic quenching, extensive dephosphorylation, or sustained hydrolysis of PI(4,5)P-2 suggests the existence of dual regulatory modes that depend on PI(4,5)P-2 concentration.</P>

Endogenous conversion of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuates K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis in fat-1 mice

Woo, S.J.,Lim, K.,Park, S.Y.,Jung, M.Y.,Lim, H.S.,Jeon, M.G.,Lee, S.I.,Park, B.H. Butterworths ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 The Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol.26 No.7

It is suggested that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can be used in the preventive or therapeutic management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, controversial results have been reported. Here, we examined the effects of a decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on RA using fat-1 transgenic mice. First, we tested whether fat-1 expression modulated signaling pathways in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). TNF-α activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and increased phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in wild type (WT) FLSs but not in fat-1 FLSs. Arthritis was induced by injection of K/BxN serum. Based on clinical scores, ankle thickness and pathological severity, we showed that WT mice developed clinically overt arthritis, whereas fat-1 mice showed attenuated arthritis. Moreover, fat-1 mice exhibited down-regulated local and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines. Lastly, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) of WT mice differentiated into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated osteoclasts, whereas the osteoclastogenenic process was suppressed in BMMs of fat-1 mice. The endogenous conversion of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs via fat-1 plays a key role in attenuation of RA; therefore, dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may have therapeutic potential for the management of RA.

Synthesis and characterization of ampelopsin glucosides using dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1299CB4: Glucosylation enhancing physicochemical properties

Woo, H.J.,Kang, H.K.,Nguyen, T.T.H.,Kim, G.E.,Kim, Y.M.,Park, J.S.,Kim, D.,Cha, J.,Moon, Y.H.,Nam, S.H.,Xia, Y.m.,Kimura, A.,Kim, D. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2012 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.51 No.6

Novel ampelopsin glucosides (AMPLS-Gs) were enzymatically synthesized and purified using a Sephadex LH-20 column. Each structure of the purified AMPLS-Gs was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the ionic product of AMPLS-G1 was observed at m/z 505 (C<SUB>21</SUB>H<SUB>22</SUB>O<SUB>13</SUB>.Na)<SUP>+</SUP> using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. AMPLS-G1 was identified as ampelopsin-4'-O-α-d-glucopyranoside. The optimum condition for AMPLS-G1, determined using response surface methodology, was 70mM ampelopsin, 150mM sucrose, and 1U/mL dextransucrase, which resulted in an AMPLS-G1 yield of 34g/L. The purified AMPLS-G1 displayed 89-fold increased water solubility and 14.5-fold browning resistance compared to those of AMPLS and competitive inhibition against tyrosinase with a K<SUB>i</SUB> value of 40.16μM. This value was smaller than that of AMPLS (K<SUB>i</SUB>=62.56μM) and much smaller than that of β-arbutin (K<SUB>i</SUB>=514.84μM), a commercial active ingredient of whitening cosmetics. These results indicate the potential of AMPLS and AMPLS-G1 as superior ingredients for functional cosmetics.

Single-stranded DNA aptamer that specifically binds to the influenza virus NS1 protein suppresses interferon antagonism

Woo, H.M.,Kim, K.S.,Lee, J.M.,Shim, H.S.,Cho, S.J.,Lee, W.K.,Ko, H.W.,Keum, Y.S.,Kim, S.Y.,Pathinayake, P.,Kim, C.J.,Jeong, Y.J. Elsevier/North-Holland 2013 Antiviral research Vol.100 No.2

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus (IAV) inhibits the host's innate immune response by suppressing the induction of interferons (IFNs). Therefore, blocking NS1 activity can be a potential strategy in the development of antiviral agents against IAV infection. In the present study, we selected a single-stranded DNA aptamer specific to the IAV NS1 protein after 15 cycles of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure and examined the ability of the selected aptamer to inhibit the function of NS1. The selected aptamer binds to NS1 with a K<SUB>d</SUB> of 18.91+/-3.95nM and RNA binding domain of NS1 is determined to be critical for the aptamer binding. The aptamer has a G-rich sequence in the random sequence region and forms a G-quadruplex structure. The localization of the aptamer bound to NS1 in cells was determined by confocal images, and flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated that the selected aptamer binds specifically to NS1. In addition, luciferase reporter gene assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments demonstrated that the selected aptamer had the ability to induce IFN-β by suppressing the function of NS1. Importantly, we also found that the selected aptamer was able to inhibit the viral replication without affecting cell viability. These results indicate that the selected ssDNA aptamer has strong potential to be further developed as a therapeutic agent against IAV.

Nuclear analysis of structural damage and nuclear heating on enhanced K-DEMO divertor model

Park, J.,Im, K.,Kwon, S.,Kim, J.,Kim, D.,Woo, M.,Shin, C. International Atomic Energy Agency 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.12

<P>This paper addresses nuclear analysis on the Korean fusion demonstration reactor (K-DEMO) divertor to estimate the overall trend of nuclear heating values and displacement damages. The K-DEMO divertor model was created and converted by the CAD (Pro-Engineer<SUP>™</SUP>) and Monte Carlo automatic modeling programs as a 22.5° sector of the tokamak. The Monte Carlo neutron photon transport and ADVANTG codes were used in this calculation with the FENDL-2.1 nuclear data library. The calculation results indicate that the highest values appeared on the upper outboard target (OT) area, which means the OT is exposed to the highest radiation conditions among the three plasma-facing parts (inboard, central and outboard) in the divertor. Especially, much lower nuclear heating values and displacement damages are indicated on the lower part of the OT area than others. These are important results contributing to thermal-hydraulic and thermo-mechanical analyses on the divertor and also it is expected that the copper alloy materials may be partially used as a heat sink only at the lower part of the OT instead of the reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steel due to copper alloy’s high thermal conductivity.</P>

Calorimetric Investigation of Precipitation Kinetics in Al-Mg-Si-X (Cr , Be) Alloys

Lee, J . S .,Kim, S . W .,Woo, K . D . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.5 No.4

This study has been carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study the kinetics of precipitation and the dissolution of metastable and stable phases in AI-Mg-Si-(Cr,Be) alloys which were heat treated by T6, two-step aging and RRA (retrogression and reaging) treatment. The heat flow variations by phase transformation in the as-quenched specimen were calculated from DSC thermograms obtained from heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20℃/min. Four exothermic peaks may be attributed to the precipitation of G.P.I zone, G.P.II zone(β$quot;), β' and β (Mg₂Si) phases, and three endothermic peaks may be attributed to the dissolution of G.P.I zone, β$quot; and the β' phases, respectively. The kinetic equation (dY/dt)=f(Y)k_oexp(-Q*/RT) can be used to study the precipitation kinetics of Ai-Mg-Si-(Cr, Be) alloys, where Q*, k_o and f(Y)are the activation energy, frequency factors and the function of Y, respectively. The kinetic parameters measured from DSC curves can be used to interpret the transformation kinetics. The formation rate of β$quot; phase in the AI-Mg-Si alloy increased by the small addition of Be. This is because Be increases the nucleating rate of the (3$quot; phase due to the decrease of the matrix/β$quot; interface energy. By the addition of Be or Cr and Be in Al-Mg-Si alloy, G.P. zone was easily decomposed during retrogression treatment at 225℃ for 3 min. Therefore, maximum hardness can be obtained by RRA (150℃/20 min→225℃/3 min→180℃/30 min) in Al-0.8%Mg-1.0%Si-0.05%Be and Al-0.8%Mg-1.0%Si-0.1%Cr-0.05%Be alloys owing to the high density of β$quot; and β' precipitates.