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Diversity and habitat preferences of amphibians and reptiles in Pakistan: a review
Waqas Ali,Arshad Javid,Ali Hussain,Syed Mohsin Bukhari 국립중앙과학관 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.11 No.2
Geographical position of Pakistan is unique, and country harbors two out of six zoogeographical regions. The country can be divided into 15 habitat types in three major divisions: the mountainous region, foothills, and Indus plains. Overall, 219 species including 24 amphibians and 195 reptiles have been reported so far. Out of these, nine amphibian and 13 reptilian species are endemic to Pakistan. Despite this richness, there is paucity of knowledge regarding diversity of amphibians and reptiles as very few species have been thoroughly studied and very small area has been explored. This has led to the uncertainties regarding distribution and taxonomy of these taxa in the country. The herpetofauna is not protected by law in the country, and their conservation status is yet to be evaluated. Furthermore, distribution ranges of amphibians and reptiles have been changed and systemized survey work is required to update baseline information in the country.
Toxic potential of some indigenous plant oils against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus)
Hafiz Azhar Ali KHAN,Waseem AKRAM,이수미,Taskeen AHMAD,Kamran MAQSOOD,Hassan Ali KHAN,Muhammad Waqas NAZIR,Muhammad Faisal JAVAID 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.3
The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of five indigenous plant oils: black pepper (Piper nigrum), Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), garlic (Allium sativum), river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), and yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana), against laboratory reared Sitophilus oryzae adults. The bioassays were done by the diet incorporation method with concentrations ranging from 50 ppm to 500 ppm. Based on lethal concentrations to kill 50% (LC50) of the subjected weevils, T. peruviana proved to be the most toxic having the lowest LC50 values, 414.58, 201.94, and 129.52 ppm, after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure, respectively, followed by E. camaldulensis (475.51, 366.65, and 251.28 ppm, respectively). The rest of the plant oils also showed toxic potential, but these were less toxic compared with T. peruviana and E. camaldulensis. With respect to the time taken to cause 50% mortality (LT50) of the exposed weevils, T. peruviana had LT50 at 14.54 days followed by P. nigrum (22.09 days), E. camaldulensis (24.29 days), and C. cassia (28.71 days). Whereas, A. sativum took the longest time (44.47 days) to cause 50% mortality of the exposed weevils. In conclusion, the result revealed toxic potential of tested plant oils, and suggests further studies under simulated-field conditions should be included in the management plan for S. oryzae.
Waqas Ahmad Wattoo,Ghulam Sarwar Kaloi,Muhammad Yousif,Mazhar Hussain Baloch,Baqar Ali Zardar,Jehangir Arshad,Ghulam Farid,Talha Younas,Sohaib Tahir 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.1
The escalating energy demand across the globe has intensifed the electricity production. Owing to the unavailability of the reliable techniques for electricity storage for a long duration, it is consumed immediately after its production. Therefore, electricity markets can’t be handled like the conventional stock markets. Power companies are facing immense price and delivery risks owing to the increasing competition in the electricity markets. As a result, risk management is the fundamental concern to be addressed in order to achieve the optimum proft targets. Consequently, the power generation organizations need to allocate their generation in bilateral contracts and spot market. For this purpose, an optimal theory of portfolio selection is proposed in this study for electricity generation by forming a reliable prototype and applying the proposed scheme to obtain the suitable outcomes. The Paris Accord on environmental safety from carbon dioxide and NOx gases is especially considered during the modeling of the proposed technique. The credibility of the proposed scheme is validated by using the real-time market data from the PJM market. Various risk-return tradeofs are implemented, and their corresponding solutions are acquired for portfolio optimization as corroborated by the results. The suggested technique is found reliable and adequate for the carbon tax paying suppliers around the world for allocating their respective generation based on the demand of the consumers.
Waqas Ahmed Dogar,Aish Muhammad,Gyoung-Rae Cho,Muhammad Hanif,Kazim Ali,Asad Farooq,Asma Akbar,Sajjad Ahmed,Hoyong Shin 한국국제농업개발학회 2023 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.35 No.2
An aeroponic seed potato production technology project has been established in Pakistan through the Technical Cooperation Project (TCP) between RDA-KOPIA and PARC. For sustainable potato production, producing high-quality and disease-free potato seeds is critical in Pakistan. The majority of the farmers recycle their own seeds or obtain them through informal ways. Consequently, tuber-borne illnesses proliferate, seeds deteriorate, and yield diminishes. To mitigate such problems, the country moved to sustainable seed potato production by adopting rapid seed multiplication strategies like the combination of tissue culturing with aeroponic seed production technology which is being evaluated as an alternative to traditional pre-basic seed production methods. A series of experiments were carried out to evaluate the shoot development and mini tuber production attributes between two cultivars, different plantlet size and planting period between October 27, 2021, and January 27, 2022, at the NARC aeroponic facility. A CRD design with three replications was used. The study aimed to compare the productivity by variety, plantlet size and planting period to improve aeroponic seed production technology in Pakistan. The results indicated that Lady Rosetta outperformed Asterix in terms of shoot growth and small tuber output. Early planting at an optimal temperature of 27 degrees Celsius in the daytime showed a substantial difference when compared to late planting in November and tuberization was commenced 50-55 days after transplantation. Furthermore, in an aeroponic seed potato production system, normal plantlets (8-10 cm) at the time of transplantation, performed better than medium and small plantlets. In a nutshell, it was determined that normal size plantlets (8-10 cm) of Lady Rosetta cultivar, planted at optimum time to plant showed best results in the aeroponic system at NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Waqas,Mohsin Qadeer,Faizuddin Faiz,Mohammad Ali Alvi,Muhammad Ehsan Bari 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.3
Study Design: A retrospective chart review. Purpose: In endemic resource poor countries like Pakistan, most patients are diagnosed and treated for Potts disease on clinical and radiological grounds without a routine biopsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use and effect of computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy in the management of Potts disease since the technique is becoming increasingly available. Overview of Literature: CT-guided biopsy of spinal lesions is routinely performed. Literature on the utility of the technique in endemic resource poor countries is little. Methods: This study was conducted at the Neurosurgery section of Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. All the patients with suspected Potts disease who underwent CT-guided biopsy during the 7 year period from 2007 to 2013 were included in this study. Details of the procedure, histopathology and microbiology were recorded. Results: One hundred and seventy-eight patients were treated for suspected Potts disease during the study period. CT-guided biopsies of the spinal lesions were performed in 91 patients (51.12%). Of the 91 procedures, 22 (24.2%) were inconclusive because of inadequate sample (10), normal tissue (6) or reactive tissue (6). Sixty-nine biopsies were positive (75.8%). Granulomatous inflammation was seen in 58 patients (84.05%), positive acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear in 4 (5.7%) and positive AFB culture in 12 patients (17.3%). All 91 cases in which CT-guided biopsy was performed responded positively to antituberculosis therapy (ATT). Conclusions: 75.8% of the specimens yielded positive diagnoses. Granulomatous inflammation on histopathology was the commonest diagnostic feature. In this series, the rates of positive AFB smear and culture were low compared to previous literature.
Muhammad Waqas,Muhammad Tehseen Azhar,Iqrar Ahmad Rana,Farrukh Azeem,Muhammad Amjad Ali,Muhammad Amjad Nawaz,정규화,Rana Muhammad Atif 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.4
Background WRKY proteins play a vital role in the regulation of several imperative plant metabolic processes and pathways, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. Although WRKY genes have been characterized in various major crop plants, their identification and characterization in pulse legumes is still in its infancy. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important pulse legume grown in arid and semi-arid tropics. Objective In silico identification and characterization of WRKY transcription factor-encoding genes in chickpea genome. Methods For this purpose, a systematic genome-wide analysis was carried out to identify the non-redundant WRKY transcription factors in the chickpea genome. Results We have computationally identified 70 WRKY-encoding non-redundant genes which were randomly distributed on all the chickpea chromosomes except chromosome 8. The evolutionary phylogenetic analysis classified the WRKY proteins into three major groups (I, II and III) and seven sub-groups (IN, IC, IIa, IIb, IIc, IId and IIe). The gene structure analysis revealed the presence of 2–7 introns among the family members. Along with the presence of absolutely conserved signatory WRKY domain, 19 different domains were also found to be conserved in a group-specific manner. Insights of gene duplication analysis revealed the predominant role of segmental duplications for the expansion of WRKY genes in chickpea. Purifying selection seems to be operated during the evolution and expansion of paralogous WRKY genes. The transcriptome data-based in silico expression analysis revealed the differential expression of CarWRKY genes in root and shoot tissues under salt, drought, and cold stress conditions. Moreover, some of these genes showed identical expression pattern under these stresses, revealing the possibility of involvement of these genes in conserved abiotic stress–response pathways. Conclusion This genome-wide computational analysis will serve as a base to accelerate the functional characterization of WRKY TFs especially under biotic and abiotic stresses.
Hussain, Mudassar,Waqas, Omer,Hassan, Usman,Loya, Asif,Akhtar, Noreen,Mushtaq, Sajid,Yusuf, Muhammad Aasim,Syed, Aamir Ali Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5
Background: There is growing evidence that there are differences in histological and genetic characteristics along with clinical behavior between right- and left-sided colon carcinomas. We have compared various parameters of the two types and assessed associations of the results with prognosis in patients in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 200 cases from our institutional database; 100 cases of right-sided and 100 cases of left-sided colon cancer. Parameters including age, gender, TNM stage, histological features and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results: The patients with right-sided colon cancer were significantly older as compared to their counterparts with left-sided cancer. They presented with a lumbar mass rather than symptoms of obstruction and perforation as seen in left-sided colon cancers, and the histology showed higher percentage of poorly differentiated tumors with advanced pT stage. Moreover, Crohn's-like reactions, intra tumoral lymphocyte responses and other poor prognostic factors like lymph vascular invasion and perineural invasion were more common in right-sided cancers. Conclusions: We found that right- and left-sided colon cancers are different from each other in terms of clinical presentation, histology and clinical behavior. Right-sided colon cancers are more aggressive and are associated with poorer clinical outcome as compared to left sided colon cancers in our population.