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Vinod Kumar Malik,Pooja Sangwan,Manjeet Singh,Pavitra Kumari,Niharika Shoeran,Navjeet Ahalawat,Mukesh Kumar,Harsh Deep,Kamla Malik,Preety Verma,Pankaj Yadav,Sheetal Kumari,Aakash,Sambandh Dhal 한국식물병리학회 2024 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.40 No.1
The oldest and most extensively cultivated form of millet, known as pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> (L.) R. Br. Syn. <i>Pennisetum americanum</i> (L.) Leeke), is raised over 312.00 lakh hectares in Asian and African countries. India is regarded as the significant hotspot for pearl millet diversity. In the Indian state of Haryana, where pearl millet is grown, a new and catastrophic bacterial disease known as stem rot of pearl millet spurred by the bacterium <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> (formerly <i>Enterobacter</i>) was first observed during fall 2018. The disease appears in form of small to long streaks on leaves, lesions on stem, and slimy rot appearance of stem. The associated bacterium showed close resemblance to <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> that was confirmed by a molecular evaluation based on 16S rDNA and gyrA gene nucleotide sequences. The isolates were also identified to be <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> based on biochemical assays, where Klebsiella isolates differed in D-trehalose and succinate alkalisation tests. During fall 2021-2023, the disease has spread all the pearl millet-growing districts of the state, extending up to 70% disease incidence in the affected fields. The disease is causing considering grain as well as fodder losses. The proposed scale, consisting of six levels (0-5), is developed where scores 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 have been categorized as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible disease reaction, respectively. The disease cycle, survival of pathogen, and possible losses have also been studied to understand other features of the disease.
Recycling of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to generate enriched rare metal concentrate
Vinod Kumar,이재천,정진기,Manis Kumar Jha,김병수,Ratnakar Singh 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
An eco-friendly process for recycling obsolete PCBs to get enriched rare-metal concentrate usingphysical separation technique is discussed. Metal concentration in digital video disc (DVD) PCBs is43 wt.% whereas in vacuum cleaner (VC) PCBs 30 wt.% with rare metal of 2.8%. Concentrate grade of88% total metals including 5.85% rare metals in-case of DVD-PCBs while 90% of total metalsincluding 2.81% rare metals in-case of VC-PCBs was achieved by froth flotation. While 75% totalmetals including 9.41% rare metals for DVD-PCBs and 65% total metals including 5.10% rare metalsfor VC-PCBs was obtained by pneumatic separation.
Vinod Kumar Malik,Manjeet Singh,Karambir Singh Hooda,Naresh Kumar Yadav,Prashant Kumar Chauhan 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.2
Maize (Zea mays L.; 2N=20) is major staple food crop grown worldwide adapted to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Maydis leaf blight (MLB) and banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) are serious foliar fungal diseases may cause up to 40% and 100% grain yield loss, respectively. The present studies were undertaken to work out the efficacy of chemicals, botanicals and bioagents for the management of MLB and BLSB under field condition for two seasons Kharif 2014 and 2015. Five molecules (propiconazole 25 EC, hexaconazole 25 EC, carbendazim 50 WP, mancozeb 75 WP and carbedazim 12 WP + mancozeb 63 WP), two bioagents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum and T. viridae and three botanicals namely azadirachtin, sarpagandha and bel pathar were tested for their efficacy against MLB. Eight newer fungicides viz., difenconazole 250 SC, hexaconazole 5 EC, carbendazim 50WP, validamycin 3 L, tebuconazole 250 EC, trifloxystrobin 50 WG + tebuconazole 50 WG, azoxystrobin 250 EC and pencycuron 250 SC were evaluated against BLSB. Analysis revealed significant effects of propiconazole at 0.1%, carbendazim 12 WP + mancozeb 63 WP at 0.125% and sarpagandha leaves at 10% against MLB pathogen, whereas validamycin at 0.1% and trifloxystrobin 25 WG + tebuconazole 50 WG at 0.05% were found effective against BLSB. The slow rate of disease control virtually by the bioagents might have not shown instant effect on plant response to the yield enhancing components. The identified sources of management can be used further in strengthening the plant protection in maize against MLB and BLSB.
Recycling of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to generate enriched rare metal concentrate
Kumar, Vinod,Lee, Jae-chun,Jeong, Jinki,Jha, Manis Kumar,Kim, Byung-su,Singh, Ratnakar Elsevier 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.21 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An eco-friendly process for recycling obsolete PCBs to get enriched rare-metal concentrate using physical separation technique is discussed. Metal concentration in digital video disc (DVD) PCBs is ∼43wt.% whereas in vacuum cleaner (VC) PCBs ∼30wt.% with rare metal of ∼ 2.8%. Concentrate grade of ∼88% total metals including ∼5.85% rare metals in-case of DVD-PCBs while ∼90% of total metals including ∼2.81% rare metals in-case of VC-PCBs was achieved by froth flotation. While ∼75% total metals including ∼9.41% rare metals for DVD-PCBs and ∼65% total metals including ∼5.10% rare metals for VC-PCBs was obtained by pneumatic separation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High metal recovery achieved from PCBs of EOL-DVD and EOL-VC. </LI> <LI> The evolved process doesn’t require any chemical reagents. </LI> <LI> The process is eco-friendly and economical with no recurring cost. </LI> <LI> Re-circulating and water conservation in close-loop nutsche filtration. </LI> <LI> Enriched metallic concentrate is suitable for hydrometallurgical purification. </LI> </UL> </P>
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Studies on Bi36 Fe2 O57 Ceramic Synthesized by Chemical Route
Manish Kumar Verma,Vinod Kumar,Upakar Patel,Vishnu Shankar Rai,Anup Kumar,Arup Kumar De,Aditya Kumar Prajapati,Dinesh Prajapati,Kedar Sahoo,Tapas Das,N. B. Singh,K. D. Mandal 한국전기전자재료학회 2023 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.24 No.5
Bi36 Fe2 O57 (BFO) polycrystalline ceramic was synthesized by economical chemical route. The single-phase formation of BFO ceramic was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction studies. Nanosized formation of BFO ceramics established by XRD and TEM analysis. The bimodal distribution of grain size is observed with size ranging from 50 to 600 nm. It observed that the Bi36 Fe2 O57 photocatalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation The oxidation state of elements present in the BFO ceramic, was confirmed by XPS studies. The pseudocapacitive nature of BFO ceramic was observed by cyclic Voltammetry. The dielectric constant of BFO ceramic was found 375 at 1 kHz at 300 K. The dielectric loss was found 0.51 at 100 kHz and 300 K.
Malik, Vinod Kumar,Singh, Manjeet,Hooda, Karambir Singh,Yadav, Naresh Kumar,Chauhan, Prashant Kumar The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.2
Maize (Zea mays L.; 2N=20) is major staple food crop grown worldwide adapted to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Maydis leaf blight (MLB) and banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) are serious foliar fungal diseases may cause up to 40% and 100% grain yield loss, respectively. The present studies were undertaken to work out the efficacy of chemicals, botanicals and bioagents for the management of MLB and BLSB under field condition for two seasons Kharif 2014 and 2015. Five molecules (propiconazole 25 EC, hexaconazole 25 EC, carbendazim 50 WP, mancozeb 75 WP and carbedazim 12 WP + mancozeb 63 WP), two bioagents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum and T. viridae and three botanicals namely azadirachtin, sarpagandha and bel pathar were tested for their efficacy against MLB. Eight newer fungicides viz., difenconazole 250 SC, hexaconazole 5 EC, carbendazim 50WP, validamycin 3 L, tebuconazole 250 EC, trifloxystrobin 50 WG + tebuconazole 50 WG, azoxystrobin 250 EC and pencycuron 250 SC were evaluated against BLSB. Analysis revealed significant effects of propiconazole at 0.1%, carbendazim 12 WP + mancozeb 63 WP at 0.125% and sarpagandha leaves at 10% against MLB pathogen, whereas validamycin at 0.1% and trifloxystrobin 25 WG + tebuconazole 50 WG at 0.05% were found effective against BLSB. The slow rate of disease control virtually by the bioagents might have not shown instant effect on plant response to the yield enhancing components. The identified sources of management can be used further in strengthening the plant protection in maize against MLB and BLSB.
Gyanendra Kumar Singh,Vinod Yadava,Raghuvir Kumar 한국정밀공학회 2010 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.4
Electro-discharge machining (EDM) characteristics of tungsten carbide-cobalt composite are accompanied by a number of problems such as the presence of resolidified layer, large tool wear rate and thermal cracks. Use of combination of conventional grinding and EDM (a new hybrid feature) has potential to overcome these problems. This article presents the face grinding of tungsten carbide-cobalt composite (WC-Co) with electrical spark discharge incorporated within face of wheel and flat surface of cylindrical workpiece. A face grinding setup for electro- discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) process is developed. The effect of input parameters such as wheel speed, current, pulse on-time and duty factor on output parameters such as material removal rate (MRR), wheel wear rate (WWR) and average surface roughness (ASR), are investigated. The present study shows that MRR increases with increase in current and wheel speed while it decreases with increase in pulse on-time for higher pulse on-time (above 100 μs). The most significant factor has been found as wheel speed affecting the robustness of electro- discharge diamond face grinding (EDDFG) process.
Zinta Rasna,Tiwari Jagesh Kumar,Buckseth Tanuja,Goutam Umesh,Singh Rajesh Kumar,Kumar Vinod,Thakur Ajay Kumar 한국유전학회 2024 Genes & Genomics Vol.46 No.4
Background High temperature stress is an important abiotic factor, which affects tuberization and ultimately causes heavy yield reduction in potato. Objectives Identification and characterization of genes associated with tuberization under high temperature stress is essential for future management through biotechnology. Methodology Two contrasting potato varieties Kufri Anand (profuse tuber-bearing) versus Kufri Frysona (very less/scanty tuber-bearing, control) were cultivated in aeroponics under high temperature stress, and transcriptomes were analyzed. Results Potato cv. Kufri Anand was found superior over control (Kufri Frysona) for tuber yield and its component traits along with root morphology under aeroponics. Transcriptomes of tuber and leaf tissues were analyzed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were categorised into up-regulated (> 2 log2 fold change, FC) and down-regulated (< -2 log2 FC) genes. DEGs were annotated by gene ontology and KEGG pathways. A few selected up-regulated genes of both tissues were identified, and phylogeny tree and motif analysis were analysed based on 36 peptide sequences representing 15 selected DEGs in this study. Further, gene expression markers were developed and validated by real time qPCR analysis for the identification of high temperature tolerant genotypes. Conclusion A few key genes associated in tuberization under high temperature conditions were heat shock proteins (e.g. 18.5 kDa class I heat shock protein), sugar metabolism (e.g. glucosyltransferase), transcription factor (e.g. WRKY), and phytohormones (e.g. auxin-induced beta-glucosidase). Our study provides an overview of key genes involved in tuberization under high temperature stress in potato cv. Kufri Anand under aeroponics. Background High temperature stress is an important abiotic factor, which affects tuberization and ultimately causes heavy yield reduction in potato. Objectives Identification and characterization of genes associated with tuberization under high temperature stress is essential for future management through biotechnology. Methodology Two contrasting potato varieties Kufri Anand (profuse tuber-bearing) versus Kufri Frysona (very less/scanty tuber-bearing, control) were cultivated in aeroponics under high temperature stress, and transcriptomes were analyzed. Results Potato cv. Kufri Anand was found superior over control (Kufri Frysona) for tuber yield and its component traits along with root morphology under aeroponics. Transcriptomes of tuber and leaf tissues were analyzed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were categorised into up-regulated (> 2 log2 fold change, FC) and down-regulated (< -2 log2 FC) genes. DEGs were annotated by gene ontology and KEGG pathways. A few selected up-regulated genes of both tissues were identified, and phylogeny tree and motif analysis were analysed based on 36 peptide sequences representing 15 selected DEGs in this study. Further, gene expression markers were developed and validated by real time qPCR analysis for the identification of high temperature tolerant genotypes. Conclusion A few key genes associated in tuberization under high temperature conditions were heat shock proteins (e.g. 18.5 kDa class I heat shock protein), sugar metabolism (e.g. glucosyltransferase), transcription factor (e.g. WRKY), and phytohormones (e.g. auxin-induced beta-glucosidase). Our study provides an overview of key genes involved in tuberization under high temperature stress in potato cv. Kufri Anand under aeroponics.