AN EFFICIENT AND STABLE ALGORITHM FOR NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF HANKEL TRANSFORMS

Singh, Om P.,Singh, Vineet K.,Pandey, Rajesh K. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2010 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.28 No.5

Recently, a number of algorithms have been proposed for numerical evaluation of Hankel transforms as these transforms arise naturally in many areas of science and technology. All these algorithms depend on separating the integrand $rf(r)J_{\upsilon}(pr)$ into two components; the slowly varying component rf(r) and the rapidly oscillating component $J_{\upsilon}(pr)$. Then the slowly varying component rf(r) is expanded either into a Fourier Bessel series or various wavelet series using different orthonormal bases like Haar wavelets, rationalized Haar wavelets, linear Legendre multiwavelets, Legendre wavelets and truncating the series at an optimal level; or approximating rf(r) by a quadratic over the subinterval using the Filon quadrature philosophy. The purpose of this communication is to take a different approach and replace rapidly oscillating component $J_{\upsilon}(pr)$ in the integrand by its Bernstein series approximation, thus avoiding the complexity of evaluating integrals involving Bessel functions. This leads to a very simple efficient and stable algorithm for numerical evaluation of Hankel transform.

Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic Schizophyllum commune derived β‑(1,3/1,6)‑glucan and probiotic concoction benefits gut microbiota and its associated metabolic activities

Singh Vineet,Muthuramalingam Karthika,Kim Young Mee,Park Sanggyu,Kim Sung Hong,Lee Jongdae,Hyun Changlim,Unno Tatsuya,Moonjae Cho 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.64 No.1

Synbiotics synergistically favors beneficial effects of prebiotics and probiotics towards host metabolic health by modulating gut ecosystem. In this study, we sought to examine the effects of prebiotics (Schizophyllum commune derived β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan), probiotics (concoction made of eight different bacterial strains) and synbiotics (prebiotics + probiotics) on gut microbiota and its associated metabolic functions through 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis. Results showed that probiotics strains used in this study were detected more in the synbiotic and probiotic treatments, while prebiotic dietary intervention increased the total bacterial abundance and metabolisms related to host immune strengthening. Probiotics and synbiotics dietary interventions enhanced similar metabolisms relating to butanediol and s-adenosyl-l-methionine biosynthesis. Probiotics treatment also showed depleted metabolic activities related to SCFA productions, that were not depleted in prebiotics treatment. With varying differential abundance patterns and metabolic activities across the treatments, our results suggest that synbiotic treatment provide more beneficial effects over probiotics and prebiotics.

Seasonal differences in tropical cyclone-induced sea surface cooling in the western North Pacific

Vineet Kumar Singh,Il-Ju Moon,Hye-Ji Kim 한국기상학회 2023 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Radial junction silicon solar cells with micro-pillar array and planar electrode interface for improved photon management and carrier extraction

Vineet Kumar Singh,Jampana Nagaraju,Sushobhan Avasthi 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.3

We demonstrate radial p-n junction silicon solar cells with micro-pillar array with higher short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage than comparable planar silicon solar cells. Micro-pillar array, fabricated by RIE, acts as an effective anti-reflection coating for visible light with less than 6% reflection. Compared to devices with planar surface, devices with micro-pillar array show a 27% enhancement in short circuit current. The radial p-n junction of the micro-pillars also improves extraction probability of the photogenerated carriers, which further increases the short circuit current. Typically, micro-pillar solar cells suffer from high recombination losses at the Si/metal interface, resulting in poor VOC. Our devices prevent these recombination losses by planarizing the Si/ metal interface, leading to an open circuit voltage of 622 mV, the highest ever reported for micro-pillar solar cells. This planarized contact also reduces the series resistance associated with radial junctions, leading to series resistance of ≤0.50 Ω-cm2 and fill factors up to 76.7%.

Effects of digested Cheonggukjang on human microbiota assessed by in vitro fecal fermentation

Vineet Singh,Nakwon Hwang,Gwangpyo Ko,Unno Tatsuya 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.2

In vitro fecal fermentation is an assay that uses fecal microbes to ferment foods, the results of which can be used to evaluate the potential of prebiotic candidates. To date, there have been various protocols used for in vitro fecal fermentation- based assessments of food substances. In this study, we investigated how personal gut microbiota differences and external factors affect the results of in vitro fecal fermentation assays. We used Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a Korean traditional fermented soybean soup that is acknowledged as healthy functional diet. CGJ was digested in vitro using acids and enzymes, and then fermented with human feces anaerobically. After fecal fermentation, the microbiota was analyzed using MiSeq, and the amount of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured using GC-MS. Our results suggest that CGJ was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce SCFAs, and this process resulted in an increase in the abundance of Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium and a reduction in the growth of Sutterella, an opportunistic pathogen. The metabolic activities predicted from the microbiota shifts indicated enhanced metabolism linked to methionine biosynthesis and depleted chondroitin sulfate degradation. Moreover, the amount of SCFAs and microbiota shifts varied depending on personal microbiota differences. Our findings also suggest that in vitro fecal fermentation of CGJ for longer durations may partially affect certain fecal microbes. Overall, the study discusses the usability of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation (GIDFF) to imitate the effects of diet-induced microbiome modulation and its impact on the host.

Effect of Indium Doping and Annealing on Photoconducting Property of Wurtzite Type CdS

Vineet Kumar Singh,Pratima Chauhan,Sheo Kumar Mishra,Rajneesh K Srivastava 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.3

In this paper we observed the effect of doping and annealing on the dark current and anomalous photoconducting behavior of hexagonal wurtzite CdS, synthesized by solid state reaction method. Undoped CdS sample shows higher anomalous behavior in photoconductivity as well as contains larger dark current of 19 nA. With the doping of Indium in CdS, dark current decreases from 19 nA to 1 nA but the anomalous behavior is not completely removed. While, after annealing at 150°C for four hour, indium doped CdS sample shows good switching property with rise and decay time of 360 ± 10 & 322 ± 6 seconds respectively. The anomalous photoconducting behavior is completely removed from annealed sample. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the existence of hexagonal wurtzite phase of indium doped and undoped CdS samples while energy dispersion X-ray spectrum exhibits the elemental presence of cadmium, indium & sulfur in the indium doped sample. UV-Visible absorption spectra show the blue shift in absorption edge on indium doping from 475 nm to 425 nm in comparison to undoped sample. Photoluminescence spectra confirm the indium doping and reveal that annealed CdS sample has lesser defects among other samples due to which annealed sample has best switching performance.

Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver

( Ashish Agarwal ),( Alka Singh ),( Wajiha Mehtab ),( Vipin Gupta ),( Ashish Chauhan ),( Mahendra Singh Rajput ),( Namrata Singh ),( Vineet Ahuja ),( Govind K. Makharia ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.1

Background/Aims: Gluten-free diet has an excess of fats and simple sugars and puts patients with celiac disease at risk of metabolic complications including metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. We assessed prevalence of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver in two cohorts of celiac disease. Methods: Study was done in 2 groups. In group 1, 54 treatment naïve patients with celiac disease were recruited. Of them, 44 returned after 1-year of gluten-free diet and were reassessed. In group 2, 130 celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet for ≥1 year were recruited. All patients were assessed for anthropometric and metabolic parameters and fatty liver. Metabolic syndrome was defined as per consensus definition for Asian Indians. Fatty liver was defined as controlled attenuation parameter value >263 decibels by FibroScan. Results: In group 1, of 44 treatment naïve patients with celiac disease, metabolic syndrome was present in 5 patients (11.4%) at baseline and 9 (18.2%) after 1 year of gluten-free diet. Patients having fatty liver increased from 6 patients (14.3%) at baseline to 13 (29.5%) after 1year of gluten-free diet (P=0.002). In group 2, of 130 patients with celiac disease on gluten-free diet for a median duration of 4 years, 30 out of 114 (26.3%) and 30 out of 130 patients (23%) had metabolic syndrome and fatty liver, respectively. Conclusions: Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver, which increases further with gluten-free diet. These patients should be assessed for nutritional and metabolic features and counseled about balanced diet and physical activity regularly. (Intest Res 2021;19:106-114)

Estimation of Respiration rate from ECG Using Canonical Components Analysis and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

Vineet Kumarand,Gurpreet Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.7 No.3

Electrocardiogram and Respiratory signal are correlated to each other. In this paper respiration rate has been estimated from ECG. We purpose a novel combination of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) in order to remove the artifacts and we have estimated the respiratory rate from the denoised ECG by creating the envelope of the denoised signal. The canonical components corresponding to the artifacts were removed on the basis of correlation coefficient of denoised signal and ground truth signal. The MIT- Polysomonographic and Apnea-ECG databases of physionet bank were used to acquire the ECG signals. Real time Baseline wander noise from MIT-NSTDB was added to each record and the respiratory rate determined was compared with the corresponding respiratory signals. The average snr improvement in case of denoising using EEMD-CCA is 20.8989db. The average BPM error in respiration rate derived from ECG denoised from EEMD is ±2.7 BPM.

Mycoherbicidal Potential of Phaeoacremonium italicum, A New Pathogen of Eichhornia crassipes Infesting Harike Wetland, India

( Birinderjit Singh ),( Sanjai Saxena ),( Vineet Meshram ),( Maneek Kumar ) 한국균학회 2016 Mycobiology Vol.44 No.2

Mycoherbicides are exclusive biotechnology products which offer a non-chemical solution to control noxious weeds on the land as well as aquatic in systems, viz a viz saving environment from hazardous impact of synthetic chemicals. The present paper highlights the mycobiota associated with Eichhornia crassipes infesting Harike wetland area of Punjab and evaluation of their pathogenic potential for futuristic application as a mycoherbicide. Of the 20 isolates tested by leaf detached assay and whole plant bioassays, only one isolate (#8 BJSSL) caused 100% damage to E. crassipes. Further, the culture filtrate of this isolate also exhibited a similar damage to the leaves in an in vitro detached leaf assay. The potential isolate was identified as Phaeoacremonium italicum using classical and modern molecular methods. This is the first report of P. italicum as a pathogen of E. crassipes and of its potential use as a biological control agent for the management of water hyacinth.

고지방 식이 조절에 따른 C57BL/6J 마우스의 분변과 맹장에서 나타나는 미생물생태 차이

이선우,Singh Vineet,운노 타쯔야 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.64 No.4

A number of studies have been conducted to prevent obesity due to the worldwide increasing rate of obesity and its adverse effects on our health. Recently, a relationship between obesity and gut microbiome has been reported. Fecal and cecal microbiota are generally targeted for examining the gut microbiome during dietary interventions. There is, however, no common understanding on which microbiota and how results elucidated from the data would differ. In this study, we conducted dietary induced obesity study and compared fecal and cecal microbiota affected by dietary interventions. Normal Diet and high fat diet were fed to 6 weeks old mice for 12 weeks, and 16 S rRNA genes amplified from fecal and cecal DNA were sequenced using MiSeq. Our results show that the α-diversity showed significant differences between the dietary interventions as well as cecal and fecal microbiota. The difference in the taxonomic compositions between cecal and fecal microbiota had become clearer at the family and genus level. At the genus level, Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the cecal and fecal microbiota, respectively. In general dietary intervention studies, dietary effects are more significant than type difference. However, the microbiota analysis results should be interpreted carefully, considering both diet and samples (feces/ caecum). 비만은 우리 건강에 악영향을 미치며, 비만율은 전 세계적으로증가하고 있어 그에 따라 비만을 예방하기 위한 많은 연구들이진행되고 있다. 최근, 비만과 장내미생물 간의 상관관계가 많이 보고되고 있다. 장내미생물생태를 조사하기 위한 샘플은 분변또는 맹장을 선택하고 있는데, 샘플 유형(분변 및 맹장)에 따라미생물생태 결과에 미치는 영향에 대한 일반적인 이해가 없는실정이다. 본 연구에서 마우스를 고지방 식이 섭취로 비만을 유발하여 식이 조절에 따른 분변 및 맹장의 장내미생물생태를 비교했다. 일반 식단(ND) 및 고지방 식단(HFD)은 6주령 ICR 마우스가 12주 간 섭취하도록 하였으며, 분변 및 맹장 샘플로부터 추출한 DNA에서 16S rRNA 유전자를 증폭하여 MiSeq으로시퀀싱했다. α-diversity 결과는 식이 조절과 샘플 종류에 따라장내미생물생태가 크게 영향을 받는다는 것을 보여준다. 분변과맹장의 장내미생물생태의 taxonomic composition의 차이는Family, Genus 수준에서 명확하게 확인되었다. Genus 수준에서Faecalibaculum과 Lactobacillus는 맹장과 분변 샘플에서 각각많은 것으로 나타났다. 일반적으로, 식단의 종류는 식이 조절을적용한 연구 모델에서 샘플의 출처보다 미생물생태 변화에 더상당한 영향을 미친다. 그러나, 장내미생물생태 분석 결과는 식단과 샘플의 종류(분변/맹장)를 모두 고려하여 신중하게 해석되어야 한다.